Objetivo: Caracterizar o conhecimento e uso de métodos anticoncepcionais entre adolescentes de escolas públicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 363 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, que não viviam conjugalmente, com idades entre 13 e 17 anos, matriculados no período diurno, de escolas públicas, da zona urbana do município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Estado do Acre, em 2008. A pesquisa contemplou as exigências éticas. A caracterização de conhecimento e uso de métodos anticoncepcionais foi feita, a partir da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas sobre sexualidade e métodos contraceptivos. Dados coletados foram digitados, revisados e processados. O banco de dados foi constituído e analisado, estatisticamente, com a utilização do software Epi Info (version 3.5.8; 2008). Os dados foram descritos, utilizando a estatística descritiva: distribuição de freqüência, medidas de tendência central e medida de dispersão. Para identificação de diferenças entre grupos de adolescentes foi utilizado o teste Quiquadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Dos 363 adolescentes, 55,4por cento eram do sexo feminino e 44,6por cento, do masculino, com média de idade de 14,7 (dp=1,3) anos; 32,0por cento afirmaram que haviam iniciado a vida sexual, as moças, com média de idade de 15,0 (dp=1,3) anos e os rapazes, com 13,3 (dp=1,3) anos; 98,9por cento referiram conhecer algum tipo de MAC, especialmente, o preservativo (95,3por cento) e a pílula (80,1por cento). Mais do que metade das moças e rapazes, respectivamente, 58,3por cento e 59,6por cento, referiram conhecer entre 1 e 4 tipos de MAC. Dentre os que iniciaram, ou não, a vida sexual, 78,4por cento e 65,6por cento, respectivamente, já tinham ouvido falar sobre dupla proteção. Dentre aqueles com vida sexual ativa, 79,3por cento das moças e 81,0por cento dos rapazes referiram terem feito uso de preservativo na primeira e na última relação sexual. Igualmente, 87,5por cento das garotas e 72,1por cento dos garotos, referiram fazer uso de camisinha em todas as relações sexuais. Conclusão: O alto nível de conhecimento de MAC e o elevado uso de preservativo sexual masculino entre esses adolescentes podem expressar resultados positivos das políticas públicas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva atuais, contribuindo para diminuição de gravidez não planejada e de infecções por doenças transmitidas por via sexual / To characterize the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods among public school students. Methods: Transversal study, accomplished with probabilistic and representative sample of 363 adolescents, man and woman, who didnt live conjugally, between 13 and 17 years old, matriculated in diurnal period, in public schools, in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul District, Acre State, in 2008. The research observed the ethic requirements. The characterization of the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods was done with the application of a structured questionary, containing open and closed questions about sexuality and contraceptive methods. The gathered data were digitated, revised and processed. The data bank was constituded and analyzed, statistically, using the software Epi Info (version 3.5:8; 2008). The data were described, using the descriptive statistic: frequency distribution, central trend measures and dispersion measure. For the identification of the differences among the adolescent groups it was used the Qui-square test of Pearson or Exact of Fisher. Results: From the 363 adolescents, 55,4per cent were female and 44,6per cent male, with average age of 14,7 (dp=1,3) years old; 32,0per cent told that they had begun sexual life, the girls with average age of 15,0 (dp=1,3) years old and the boys, with 13,3 (dp=1,3) years old; 98,9per cent affirmed to know some kind of MAC, especially the preservative (95,3per cent) and the contraceptive pills (80,1per cent). More than half of the girls and boys, respectively, 58,3per cent and 59,6per cent affirmed to know between 1 and 4 kinds of MAC. Among the ones who had begun, or not, sexual life, 78,4per cent and 65,6per cent, respectively, had already heard about double protection. Among the ones with active sexual life, 79,3per cent of the girls and 81,0per cent of the boys affirmed that they had already made use of preservative during the first and the last intercourse. Identically, 87,5per cent of the girls and 72,1per cent of the boys affirmed that they use condom in every intercourse. Conclusions: The high level of knowledge of MAC and the high use of male sexual preservative among those adolescents can express positive results of the current public sexual and reproductive health policies, contributing with the decrease of the non-planned pregnancy and infections by sexually transmitted diseases

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736208.pdf: 2053203 bytes, checksum: c82376b5cb193316a011e2008b18d737 (MD5) / A infecção pelo HPV é a DST mais comum no mundo. Dos 630 milhões de casos novos anuais, trinta milhões são relacionados a verrugas anogenitais. Embora a forma subclínica seja mais comum, o aparecimento de condilomas também está associado à diminuição da imunidade causada pelo HIV. Tendo em vista as altas taxas de prevalência da coinfecção HPV/HIV, principalmente entre homens que fazem sexo com homens, os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a prevalência de verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/aids e identificar fatores associados. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico com 159 homens atendidos em serviço de referência de Botucatu (SP). Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos foram relacionados ou não à presença de verrugas anogenitais. Após análise hierárquica dos dados, as variáveis com valor de p menor do que 0,2 foram incluídas no modelo logístico multivariado não condicional. Foram diagnosticados 49 (31,0%) pacientes HIV+ com verrugas anogenitais, cuja média de idade foi de 44,6 ± 9,6 anos. Os principais fatores associados às verrugas foram: escolaridade menor que ou igual a oito anos; maior tempo de diagnóstico do HIV; tratamento antirretroviral irregular; baixas contagens de linfócitos T CD4+. Verrugas anogenitais são prevalentes e relacionadas à imunossupressão da infecção pelo HIV. Ações como o cuidado integral do paciente e educação e prevenção em saúde colaboram para diagnóstico precoce e diminuição da vulnerabilidade a DSTs / HPV infection is the most usual STD in the world responsible for 630 million new cases annually, of which 30 million are related with anogenital warts. Although subclinical form is the most common, warts are also associated with reduction of HV-related immunity. There are high rates involving prevalence of the association HIV/HPV around the world. Following this point of view the aim of this study was analyze the prevalence of wart in HIV-infected men and describe the associated factors. cared by a reference service in the Botucatu city – São Paulo/Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by an individual interview and medical records. There were 49 (31,0%) HIV-infected men with anogenital warts with mean age of 44,6 ± 9,6 years. The main associated factors were: have up to 8 years of study; longer duration of HIV-infection; irregular treatment to HIV-infection; lower counts of lymphocytes T CD4+. Genital warts are prevalent and are associated with HIV- infection magnitude. Actions such as the complete care over the patients, increasing the education and prevention in health system could help to do a previously, diagnosis and decreasing the vulnerability to STD

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda de Oliveira Silva.pdf: 780656 bytes, checksum: 092e6db007c95d6c29d51236ed5dead9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / We sought to in this study reveal how the approach is performed on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in state schools in the Sorocaba region with the highest rate of STDs; pinpoint the challenges and possibilities of this approach by the teacher of Science / Biology these institutions and get along with the teachers of these schools, alternative approaches significantly. It was the study of qualitative profile that had the cooperation of 9 faculty of Science / Biology, 2 coordinators of these schools of Sorocaba (SP) and coordinator of the Family Health Unit of the district in which the research took place. Through individual interviews, semi-structured, recorded, transcribed and analyzed, the results showed that teachers need better preparation to act in this theme, and that lack of stimulation directly influences the search for better results. It was also observed that it is essential the team's involvement in the theme of Health, through working with teachers for such changes to occur in the current scenario of STDs with this population of young people, and that despite the fact that this need not occur as should, however, with the research was possible to discern such involvement / Buscou-se, neste estudo, revelar como é realizada a abordagem sobre doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) em escolas estaduais de Sorocaba, da região com o maior índice de DST, apontar os desafios e as possibilidades dessa abordagem pelo docente de Ciências/Biologia dessas instituições; e buscar, juntamente com os professores dessas escolas, alternativas para abordagens significativas. Trata-se de estudo de perfil qualitativo, que contou com a colaboração de 9 docentes de Ciências/Biologia, 2 coordenadoras dessas escolas de Sorocaba (SP) e 1 coordenadora da Unidade Saúde da Família do bairro em que a pesquisa ocorreu. Por meio de entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, gravadas, posteriormente transcritas e analisadas, os resultados demonstraram que os docentes precisam de um melhor preparo para atuar nessa temática, e que a falta de estímulo influencia diretamente a busca por melhores resultados. Observou-se, também, que é essencial o envolvimento da equipe de Saúde na temática, por meio de trabalho em conjunto com tais docentes, para que ocorram mudanças no cenário atual das DSTs junto a essa população de jovens, e que apesar dessa necessidade, tal envolvimento não ocorre como deveria. Porém, com a pesquisa, foi possível vislumbrar tal possibilidade

Thesis (Ph. D. (Botany)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / Refer to document

Drawing on the literatures of history, sociology, epidemiology, and microbiology, this thesis compares syphillis with human immunodeficiency virus, with special reference to the social and historical factors likely to be relevant to the control or eradication of acquired imune dificiency syndrom (AIDS). The sudden appearance of a new disease causing suffering and death in a community, engenders apprehension and fear which is often manifested as hysteria against, and vilification of, those who have the disease. This fear is greatly increased should the disease be sexually-transmitted. Syphilis in a venereal form, occured in Europe toward the end of the 15th Century. Initially it was an acute, fulminating disease which rapidly spread through Europe and Asia. Attempts to control the disease have gone through periods of either partial successes or massive failures and have ended in frustration for the authorities. When the syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) was first reported, it was seen in Western countries in homosexual men. However, as non-homosexual community members and children became infected, it became apparent to authorities that a pandemic was accurring. Within a few years, the disease was identified worldwide. Isolation of the virus (HIV-1), and development of test for detection of carriers, plus restoration of clean blood and blood-product supplies, have reassured the community to some extent. The history of syphilis shows that neither the epidemiological medical, nor the economic political approaches to disease control work, although there are positive aspects resulting from both. It is social responses that will offer the most hope in the long term for the control of AIDS and other sexually-transmitted diseases.

Bakgrund: Enligt WHO beräknas det vara 448 miljoner nya fall av STI årligen hos personer i åldrarna 15-49 år. Under de senaste tio åren har STI ökat kraftigt.  Det är framför allt ungdomar och unga vuxna som drabbas. Attityd- och beteendeförändringar bidrar till fler partners och fler tillfälliga partners. Idag finns ett annat synsätt på relationer vilket leder till en ökad risk för spridning av STI. Samhället har som mål att minska förekomsten av STI i befolkningen. Detta kan ske på olika sätt, bland annat genom utåtriktat arbete och personlig rådgivning. Det är framför allt viktigt att höja kunskapsnivån och minska riskfyllt sexuellt beteende.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarenheter av och attityder till information om STI bland unga vuxna (20-29 år) som reser utomlands. Metod: En kvalitativ studie som baserades på fem fokusgruppsintervjuer, med tre till sju deltagare. Datamaterialet analyserades med innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: I resultatet framkom det två huvudteman, Forum för information och Unga vuxnas behov och ansvar. Deltagarna i fokusgrupperna upplevde att det fanns brister i informationen. Flertalet hade inte kommit i kontakt med något förebyggande arbete specifikt inför resa. Det finns inget bra forum för information till unga vuxna, 20-29 år. Den personliga kontakten var viktig i samband med information så att den kunde anpassas efter individen. Resans syfte hade betydelse för de unga vuxnas beteende. Både killarna och tjejerna i fokusgrupperna tyckte att sociala medier var ett bra forum för att nå ut till deras målgrupp. Slutsats: För att unga vuxna, 20-29 år, ska bli motiverade att ta del av och på egen hand söka information och tillgodogöra sig förbyggande arbete kring STI och utlandsresor, behöver de mötas och bemötas på ett annat sätt än vad som görs idag. De behöver bli mötta på ett jämlikt plan och med dialog, istället för traditionell undervisning. Informationen behöver vara tilltalande och spännande. / Background: According to WHO, it is estimated to be 448 million new cases of STI annually in people aged 15-49 years. Over the last ten years STI greatly increased. It is especially adolescents and young adults who is affected. Attitudes and changed behavior contributes to more partners and more casual partners. There is a different approach to relationships today, leading to an increased risk of spreading STI. Society`s goal is to reduce the incidence of STI in the population. This can be done in many different ways, including outreach work and personal advice. It is especially important to increase level of knowledge and reduce risky sexual behavior. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the experiences of and attitudes towards information of STI among young adults (20-29) who travel abroad. Method: A qualitative study that was based on five focus group interviews with three to seven participants. To analyze the material a latent content analysis of Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was used. Results: This result reveals two major themes, Forum for information and Needs and responsibilities of the young adults. Participants in the focus groups felt that there was a lack of information. Most had not been in contact with any preventative work specifically for the trip. There is no good forum for information to young adults aged 20-29. An individual meeting was important so that the information could be adapted to the individual. The purpose of the trip was important for the young adults behavior. Both boys and girls in the focus groups felt that social media was a great forum to reach out to their target group. Conclusion: To motivate young adults aged 20-29 to take part in and on their own search for information so that they benefit from STI prevention work and travel abroad, they need to be met and addressed in a different way that is done today. They need to be met on an equal level with dialogue, instead of traditional teaching. The information has to be appealing and exciting.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Jonathan Grant, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.PH.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

Venereal diseases (VDs) are infections that are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse and amongst these are gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. Gonorrhoea is the most commonly known VD and the widest spread contagious infection in the world. Out of 448 million cases of curable venereal infections, gonorrhoea represents 88 million cases and the rest are syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. Gonorrhoea has recently been rated as in the emergent multidrug resistance phase. Venereal diseases are amongst the major diseases ravaging many rural communities. People infected with these diseases are considered a disgrace in the community. Indigenous populations, for example the Vha-Venda people tend to use medicinal plants to treat these infectious diseases rather than using western medicines. Vha-Venda people have depended on medicinal plants for their health and survival for millenia. In order to validate and give scientific credence to the use of medicinal plants by the Vha-Venda people for venereal diseases, several pharmacological assays were carried out. The study was aimed at evaluating the; antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities, HIV-type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition properties and to determine phenolic contents as well as evaluating the mutagenic properties of, 12 medicinal plants used by the Vha-Venda people against venereal and related diseases. An attempt was also made toward isolating and identification of the most active compounds from some extracts that were active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Twelve medicinal plants and various plant parts, Adansonia digitata (bark), Acacia karroo (bark), Aloe chabaudii (roots), Bolusanthus speciosus (leaves, bark and stem), Ekebergia capensis (leaves and bark), Elephantorrhiza burkei (roots), Grewia occidentalis (roots), Osyris lanceolata (roots), Pappea capensis (leaves), Peltophorum africanum (bark), Pterocarpus angolensis (leaves and bark) and Ximenia caffra (leaves and roots) were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram-negative (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans. The plant materials were extracted with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 80% ethanol (EtOH) and water. Methanol was used for extracting materials for phenolic contents and HIV-1RT assays. The Disc diffusion method was used to determine gonococcal percentage inhibition and a microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC). Bolusanthus speciosus and X. caffra extracts exhibited the best antigonococcal, antifungal and antibacterial activities whilst A. digitata and A. chabaudii showed poor activities. The medicinal plants were also evaluated for cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition activity. The DCM and PE extracts of A. digitata bark, B. speciosus bark, P. angolensis bark and P. capensis leaves showed good anti-inflammatory activity against both COX-1 and COX-2. Methanol and water extracts of B. speciosus stems, P. africanum bark, P. angolensis leaves and P. capensis leaves exhibited good anti-HIV-1 RT activity. A. chabaudii roots, E. capensis bark and O. lanceolata roots showed low HIV-1 RT percentage inhibition. Phytochemical analysis using spectrophotometric methods revealed the presence of a variety of phenolic compounds in all the plant extracts including total phenolics, flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins. High levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins were detected in X. caffra. Low amounts of flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins were detected in B. speciosus. The Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 with and without S9 metabolic activation revealed that all plant extracts were non-mutagenic toward S. typhimurium strains TA98 without metabolic activation. However, E. burkei roots and E. capensis bark showed mutagenic effects toward TA98 after metabolic activation. Therefore, these two plants need to be used with caution, however more studies are required to confirm this result. Good antimicrobial activity observed in X. caffra leaves prompted an attempt to isolate active compounds. A pure compound from X. caffra leaves exhibited moderate activity (63%) against N. gonorrhoeae. However, the structure of the compound has as yet to be ratified. Pharmacological activity of the twelve medicinal plants used by Vha-Venda people against venereal and related diseases were validated in this study. The results obtained in this study give credence to the use of some of these plants. This study has further confirmed the need for screening these medicinal plants for more pharmacological activities. These plants may offer a new source of chemicals for the effective treatment of venereal and related diseases. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

Child welfare agencies are currently being challenged to develop and implement educational and prevention programs that address sex education, STDs and HIV/AIDS. Based on two staff interviews, six adolescent and seven staff focus group discussions at Batshaw Youth and Family Centres, three main themes are addressed: first, that along with Batshaw Youth and Family Centres' mandate and initiatives, additional measures must be taken to translate policy into social work practice. Initiatives to educate staff and youth about sexuality, STDs and HIV/AIDS lacked consistency and continuity consequently, staffs and youth's experience and attitudes toward sex education, STDs and HIV/AIDS are affected. Implications for social work are also discussed.