Detta projekt drevs på uppdrag av Flex Datasystem som behövde en vidareutveckling av deras aktuella hemsida. Här finns bland annat möjlighet att direkt ladda ner uppdateringar för kundernas program. Problemet var att hemsidan inte innehöll någon information om uppdateringarna. Kunderna måste då vända sig direkt till supporten för att få information om vad som har åtgärdats. Det här projektet gick ut på att utveckla en funktionalitet som, med automatik, publicerar information om varje uppdatering. Informationen skulle föras över från Flex Datasystems interna system till kundzonen med hjälp av en webbtjänst. Utvecklingen skedde mestadels i Visual Studio miljö. I projektets början infördes några nya funktioner till företagets interna system. Därefter skapades själva webbtjänsten och till sist lades en ny sida till på företagets hemsida som använde sig av denna webbtjänst. De krav som ställdes upp för det här projektet blev uppfyllda. Det visade sig att användandet av en webbtjänst fungerade mycket bra för det här ändamålet.

What do you do if you are implementing a new fieldbus protocol in your embed- ded industrial system and want to test it? This was the question that a group of engineers at ABB Corporate Research was asking themselves. Normally, the easiest way would probably be to buy a matching device supporting the same protocol and hook it up to the system. You might also need some equipment to listen in on the traffic between the two, so you’d need to buy that too. But what if you are working with a limited budget? Or what if this protocol is fairly new, and matching devices are hard to find? Or what if you want to test cases that can’t normally be achieved with normal usage? Normally, with traditional fieldbus standards, this could be complicated. You would probably need an additional sample of your new system, with some cus- tom made test code, and use this to test the original system. This is not a bad method, but this report will give an example of the new possibilities that comes with the new Ethernet base fieldbus standards emerging on the market today. It will highlight the possibility to create a test tool for your industrial system to use on a standard PC. ”Why?” you might ask. The report suggests that this solution is cheap, fast and flexible. First of all, no special hardware was needed, which had a posi- tive impact on cost. The only thing used was a PC and some standard office equipment. Second, once the test tool was created, new test cases was really fast and easy to make. The test tool was designed to function as a general framework for creating dynamic test sequences based on Ethernet. Third, the tool is flexible enough to test a lot of different cases, even cases not allowed by the standard. It made it possible to test cases that would have required the use of several samples of test system simultaneously to work. Also, because Ethernet is such a well known standard, there are a lot of existing software tools at your disposal. For example, free software for capturing and analyzing the test results was used during the tests. Furthermore, since the test tool was designed to be easily extendable to handle more protocols, it is even more flexible and useable for future similar problems.

L'arme blanche apparaît comme un des instruments le plus fréquemment rencontré en matière judiciaire. Or, selon le principe de transfert de traces de Locart, une arme entrant en contact avec un corps laisse une signature lésionnelle. L'analyse des lésions osseuses engendrées devient alors cruciale afin de rechercher tout indice permettant de remonter à l'agent vulnérant utilisé pour commettre le crime voire à l'identité de l'auteur. Ces travaux de thèse se sont attachés à répondre à cette problématique à travers un nouvel outil d'analyse non délabrant pour l'os, le macroscope à épifluorescence. A travers des études expérimentales et de validation basées majoritairement sur du matériel osseux humain, nous avons pu déterminer des modèles lésionnels sommant les différentes caractéristiques de chaque instrument et apporter des éléments d'orientation permettant de reconstituer le mécanisme de production de la lésion. L'orientation des écailles, des fissures et la compression osseuse du sillon apparaissent comme des éléments fondamentaux permettant de reconstituer la manière dont le coup a été porté dans l'espace ainsi que les positions de l'assaillant et de la victime. Il a été également possible de mettre en évidence des signatures diagnostiques individuelles qui, sous couvert de comparatifs lésionnels, relie de manière exclusive une lésion à un agent vulnérant. Néanmoins, face à la demande croissante de fiabilité et de niveau de preuve, il est devenu nécessaire pour les experts d'apporter une estimation de la validité et du taux d'erreur de leurs observations et conclusions. C'est pourquoi nous avons conduit une étude de validation, réalisée sur les instruments tranchants. Elle a permis d'estimer la valeur du diagnostic lésionnel anthropologique dans le cadre de telles expertises. Nous avons montré que les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives étaient élevées, mais étroitement corrélées au degré d'expérience de l'observateur. Un œil expérimenté s'avère indispensable pour aboutir à une expertise fiable. Enfin, ces différents travaux ont été mis en pratique dans des cas concrets à la fois médico-légaux actuels et archéologiques. Ces applications nous ont permis de confirmer la validité de ce type nouveau d'analyse microscopique avec comme perspective principale l'intégration progressive de cet outil dans des expertises tant contemporaines qu'archéologiques. / Sharp force trauma generated by knives is one of the most common forms of armed violence encountered in judicial procedures. According to Locart's principle of "transfer of traces", a weapon can leave a lesion imprint on the bone. That's why cut mark analyses are important as they allow identification of the weapon class or even the perpetrator of the crime. This thesis addresses this problem by using a new tool that does not alter the bone, i.e. the epifluorescence macroscope. Through experimental and validation processes using mainly human bones, we have been able to identify lesion models exemplifying the characteristics per weapon class, allowing us to model kerfs for each weapon. By the means of fluorescence and comparative analysis, our study also demonstrates that it is possible to highlight special characteristics identifying the unique blade responsible for the imprints observed on a bone. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time microscopic criteria of directionality, using fluorescence excitation. Orientation of cracks, flakes, and lateral pushing back especially help determine the trajectory of the blow as well as the positions of the aggressor and victim. Nevertheless, scientific evidence is admissible if it is based on a scientific technique accepted as reliable within the scientific community and with judges. The admissibility of expert testimony under this new standard requires an estimation of the validity of the data and proof reliability (the rate of error in observations and conclusions). Our validation study demonstrated a high level of negative and positive predictive value of such diagnoses, but showed that this is closely linked to the observer's level of experience. A highly-experienced regard is essential for a reliable expertise. Thanks to these studies, we have had the opportunity to examine forensic and archaeological cases. These applications have confirmed that this technique could provide a useful preliminary tool for nondestructive examination in dismemberment cases, whether on ancient or contemporary bones.

No description available.

Nest site selection and nesting success of plains sharp-tailed grouse were examined on the Grand River National Grassland in South Dakota during the nesting season from 2009-2012. We used conditional logistic regression to assess vegetation production, ecological site description, and landscape position on nest site selection. Two competing models regarding nest site selection: top model consisted of non-native forbs and native cool-season grasses, second best model included all grass and forb. Nine ESDs were used for nesting; loamy and clayey ecological sites most frequently used and produced the highest standing crop. Most frequent observed nest site State were Annual/Pioneer Perennial and Introduced and Invaded Grass. Top model for nest daily survival rates included litter, second-best model included ESD; second-best model showed negative effect for nests initiated in thin claypan, limy backslope, and sandy ecological sites. Based on daily survival estimate and 23-day incubation period, nests were 59% successful.

The correlatioin between residual stresses and the global properties from an indentation test, i.e. hardness and size of the contact area, has been studied frequently in recent years. The investigations presented have been based on experimental, theoretical and numerical methods and as a result, the basic features of the problem are fairly well understood in the case of residual equi-biaxial surface stresses. The more general case, when the principal surface stresses are not necessarily equi-biaxial, has received nuch less attention and it is therefore the aim of the present study to remedy this shortcoming. In doing so, qualitative results are of immediate interest in this initial study but possible ways of quantitative descriptions are also discussed for future purposes. The present analysis is based on numerical methods and in particular the finite element method (FEM) is relied upon. Classical Mises elastoplastic material behavior is assumed throughout the investigation.

The Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus; CSTG) has experienced range-wide population declines, primarily as a result of habitat loss or degradation, and currently occupies <10% of its historic range. Expansion of wind energy developments across the remaining occupied CSTG range has been identified as a potential threat to the species. To assess the potential influence of wind energy development on CSTG breeding season ecology, I captured and radio-marked 135 female CSTG during 2014-2015 at leks located between 0.1-13.8 km from wind turbines in restored grassland habitats. I subsequently monitored 147 nests and 68 broods and used an information-theoretic model selection approach to assess the potential influence of wind energy distance and density variables, multi-scale habitat features, temporal factors, and precipitation on CSTG nest site selection, daily nest survival, brood success, and chick survival. The best nest site selection model suggested a positive functional response to the amount of restored grassland habitat with >30% forb cover at the nesting core use (60 ha) scale. Daily nest survival was positively associated with visual obstruction readings at the nest and the amount of restored grassland habitat containing >30% forb cover at the core use (60 ha) scale. Nest site selection and daily nest survival were not influenced by proximity to turbines or turbine density at the core use or breeding season home range (1385 ha) scales. Early (14-day) brood success was positively influenced by post-hatch precipitation and late (42-day) brood success was positively influenced by earlier hatch dates. Chick survival to 42 days post hatch was positively influenced by post-hatch precipitation and earlier hatch dates and negatively influenced by increasing densities of wind turbines at the breeding season home range scale. The probability of an individual chick surviving to 42 days decreased by 50% when there were ≥10 turbines within 2.1 km of the nest. In restored grassland habitats, such as Conservation Reserve Program fields, I recommend plantings and management practices that will result in diverse, bunchgrass-dominated nesting habitat with residual grass cover and >30% forb canopy cover during the nesting season. My results suggest that wind turbines occurring within 2.1 km of nesting habitats (i.e., 4.8 km of occupied leks) may negatively affect CSTG recruitment.

Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus: hereafter sharp-tailed grouse) populations have been declining. These declines have been attributed to a number of factors, including habitat loss due to agriculture, habitat fragmentation, overgrazing by livestock, and the loss to fire. To gather information about their status in northern Utah, I radio-marked sharp-tailed grouse in 2003 (n=15) and 2004 (n=20) in two research areas. The study areas were located on the south end of Cache County and in eastern Box Elder County. In the Cache study area, I monitored 7 males and 1 female in 2003, and 6 males and 3 females in 2004. In the Box Elder study area, I monitored 6 males in 2003 and 6 males and 5 females in 2004. I then located the radio-marked sharp-tailed grouse using telemetry and collected Visual Obstruction Readings (VOR) and vegetation data on each flush site and on a randomly selected paired point. I completed an unsupervised classification of the two study areas to determine if habitats were used more than would be expected based on availability. I then used a paired point linear regression to determine if vegetation parameters were correlated with sharp-tailed grouse on the landscape. Sagebrush in the Box Elder County study area and forbs in the Cache County study area were significantly correlated with habitat use by sharp-tailed grouse. The VOR readings were higher at the flush sites than at the paired points. The unsupervised classification showed that in Box Elder County, sagebrush was used in greater proportion than is available, while in the Cache County study area there were no habitat types that were used in greater proportion than was available on the landscape. I collected information on nest sites, nest success, broods, and mortality of these 2 populations. Nest success was 75% combined over the 2-year study, and mortality was 72% for both populations over the 2 years. Seasonal habitat use and distance travelled were determined using Global Positioning System points collected at every flush point. The distance traveled ranged from 0.9 km to 14.7 km, with the longest distance being travelled in the winter.

The flow over sharp-edged wings is almost always separated. The control of separated flows is possible and benefits can be achieved but only in a time average sense. A new design of an actuator was designed and tested which can achieve a wide range velocity of without frequency dependence, is free of oscillating components as well as free of secondary frequencies and therefore can be scaled up easily, unlike a traditional synthetic jet. The actuator can achieve a considerable amount of jet vectoring, thus aligning the disturbance with the leading edge shear layer. Results indicate that unsteady mini-jet actuation is an effective actuation device capable of increasing the lift in the stall region of the airfoil. Moreover, pressure measurements showed that two parameters could be altered to maximize the lift. The momentum coefficient needed a minimum value to exert influence and the actuating frequency need not be at exact the natural shedding frequency to improve the lift and can be operated at harmonics of the natural shedding frequency and obtain improvements. / Master of Science

The present research examined remains found from the Winchester Site in Winchester, MA that have evidence for postmortem alteration. The author compared the assemblages from Point San Jose (Hart et al. 2019; Willey et al. 2018), Holden Chapel (Hodge 2013; Hodge et al. 2017), Medical College of Georgia (Blakley 1997; McFarlin and Wineski 1997; Terrell and McFarlin 1997), Milwaukee County Institutional Grounds (Dougherty and Sullivan 2017), Newcastle Infirmary (Chamberlain 2016), and Blockley Almshouse (Crist et al. 2017; Hynes 2005) regarding patterns in bone modification and their potential causes. The sawn assemblage consists of 1365 adult remains, 67 juvenile remains, and 13 nonhuman remains. The human adult sawn Winchester Site sample is composed of 19.7% cranial remains and 80.3% postcranial remains. The postmortem alterations found on the remains from the Winchester Site lack pathological changes surrounding them. Eight of the 17 (47.0%) nearly complete crania exhibit evidence for craniotomy. Postmortem trephinations are seen in three crania. Repetition of surgical procedure training is seen through the 349 transverse complete kerfs located on the postcranial remains. There are 125 sternal segments and 133 rib segments with evidence of sharp force trauma, potentially from thoracotomy. The postmortem alteration within the faunal assemblage can be attributed to butchery on the elements from cow, sheep, and unidentified mammal, and dissection on the elements from the dog and red fox. Implements utilized on the skeletal remains were a flat-bladed saw with 18 teeth per inch (TPI) and a trephine. The remains from the Winchester Site exhibit experimentation with kerf locations, most likely originating from surgical training practices.