Este trabalho enfoca relação entre o shopping center e a estrutura urbana, mais especificamente a relação entre o S.C.Iguatemi e o processo de estruturação de seu entorno, em Porto Alegre, RS. Analisam-se alguns aspectos da estrutura urbana, procurando detectar as alterações ocorridas após a implantação do shopping center, bem como situar o papel deste equipamento comercial naquele processo de transformação. São enfocados especificamente aspectos sócio-econômicos e fisico-espaciais da estrutura urbana. Neste estudo, a estrutura urbana é concebida enquanto processo dinâmico, so~ial e historicamente vinculado, que relaciona atividades e recursos fisicos, onde a inserção do shopping center é um fato capaz de repercutir em vários aspectos dessas relações. Nas conclusões, discutem-se as transformações nos diferentes aspectos analisados, verificando o que estas alterações remetem à questão da estrutura urbana. / This study focuses on the relation between a shopping center and the urban structure, specifically analyzing the relation of the Shopping Center Iguatemi and its neighborhood structuration process, in Porto Alegre city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Some aspects of the urban structure are analyzed, aiming to detect the changes occurred after the location of tl1e shopping center, as well as to determine the role played by this commercial equipment on that process of transformati on. This paper analyses specifically the socioeconomic and the physic-spatial aspects of the urban structure. In this study, the urban structure is conceived while a dynamic process, with social and historical links, which cotmects activities and physical resources. In this context, the location of the shopping center has the po\"~Ver to a:ffect many aspects ofthese relations. In the conclusion chapter, the transformations are discussed under the dist.inct considered factors) connecting these changes to the problem of the urban structuration.

En los últimos 10 años, se ha notado un crecimiento exponencial en las ventas generadas a través del canal online. Al contar con consumidores que buscan constantemente excelente calidad de servicio y que procesos sean simplificados para ellos, las marcas de ropa casual ven la importancia de invertir en este canal. Sin embargo, al contar con beneficios tanto para el consumidor como para la marca, aún existen barreras que afectan la preferencia por este canal por parte de los consumidores. En la sociedad peruana, el hombre es percibido como practico en relación a las decisiones de compra. Se busca en la siguiente investigación comprobar dicho estereotipo, relacionando el concepto de la masculinidad con el proceso de compra online. Es por ello que se descubrió la importancia de investigar acerca de los factores de la experiencia online en relación a la decisión de compra de marcas de ropa casual por parte de hombres del NSE A/B de 20 a 30 años en Lima Metropolitana en el 2018. El presente estudio posee una investigación de campo cualitativo y cuantitativo gracias a la realización de 2 focus groups, entrevistas a expertos y 224 encuestas realizadas al público objetivo en diferentes ubicaciones de Lima Metropolitana. Se profundizará en conceptos como la intangibilidad, el valor de marca, la masculinidad, E-commerce entre otros, con el fin de hallar la importancia de los factores que afectan la decisión de compra online. / In the last 10 years there has been a considerable increase in online sales. Now that customers are constantly expecting and demanding excellent service and simple purchase processes, clothing brands have identified the importance to invest in this platform. Even though this platform provides advantages for both the brand and the consumer, there are still barriers that affect the decision of the consumers to prefer the online store. In the Peruvian society, men are perceived to be practical in relation to purchase decisions. The investigation attempts to analyze this stereotype and connect and compare the concept of masculinity to the online shopping process. Therefore, it was deemed interesting to investigate the factors involved with the online experience in relation to the final purchase decision of casual clothing by men, between the ages of 20 a 30, that belong to the socioeconomic level A/B in Lima in 2018. The investigation is composed of a qualitative and a quantitative analysis. These analyses were made up of two focus groups, interviewing two experts related to the topic and 224 surveys completed by the primary target throughout different locations in Lima. Finally, in the investigation, concepts such as intangibility, brand value, masculinity and E-commerce will be analyzed profoundly, with the objective of discovering the importance assigned to the factors that affect the online purchase decision. / Trabajo de investigación

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying causes for the millennials’ engagement into reusing clothes who are characterised by both, a high consumption of second-hand clothing and a certain environmental awareness. Considered as both, a sustainable consumption practice as well as a current trend, it shall be focused in what way these aspects influence the millennials’ consumption of second-hand clothing. Design/Methodological Approach - For answering the research questions, a qualitative approach was followed including 10 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with millennials who shop second-hand clothing in Swedish charity thrift shops. Findings - The findings reveal various motivations of millennials for shopping second-hand clothing and its connection to being a current trend. It is somewhat influencing millennials that shopping second-hand clothing is a sustainable consumption practice. However, it is rather motivated to be part of the trend. In some cases it displays a justification for a higher consumption of clothing. However, environmental concerns do not appear as the primary motive. The findings lead to the assumption that shopping second-hand clothing fulfils the same needs as fashionable clothes do for the millennials. Originality/ Value - Little research has been conducted to understand the millennials’ underlying causes for engaging into second-hand shopping. Recently, they have been discovered as a cohort with a high affinity to reusing clothes. This study examined millennials’ various motivations, taking a closer look on environmental concerns as shopping second-hand clothing is considered as a sustainable consumption practice. Furthermore, it is investigated which role second-hand shopping has in the overall clothing consumption of millennials. Though the findings are not generalizable, they can serve as a basis for future quantitative research within this contemporary and relevant field in the world of textiles and clothing.

Healthy food store availability is by no means equitable, that is supermarkets and supercenters are not located nearby for certain populations. Shopping at healthy food stores is important, as dietary intake is associated with adverse health outcomes, which disproportionally affects racial and ethnic minorities. Yet rural areas and disadvantaged neighborhoods—low income or predominantly racial/ethnic minority compositions—have few healthy food store options available near home. Thus residents must use more resources to access them or make do with what is available close by. However, little is known about the characteristics associated with shopping at healthy food stores or shopping near home. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine predictors of shopping at healthy food stores and shopping within increasing distances from home. This study used data from the USDA’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) which asked about household food purchasing behaviors. The FoodAPS data set was used to conduct a secondary data analysis of US households (N = 4,826) that was a nationally representative sample. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to examine the four research questions guiding this study. The four questions examined predictors of: (1) shopping at a healthy food store, (2) shopping at a healthy food store among rural and suburban respondents, (3) shopping within increasing distances from home, and (4) shopping within increasing distances from home among healthy food store shoppers. Results indicated that Hispanic/Latino and other racial/ethnic minority, the distance of travel to the store, and the number of food stores available within 5.0 miles were negatively associated with shopping at a healthy food store. In addition, among rural and urban/suburban respondents had differing predictors of shopping at a healthy food store. Predictors of shopping within increasing distances from home included car to store and living in rural areas. Respondents who used a car as the transportation to the store were less likely to shop within 2.0 miles of home or less. Not surprisingly, rural respondents were also less likely to shop within 5.0 miles of home or less. Several control variables were significant predictors of shopping within increasing distances from home which were unexpected. Results in some instances were surprising and contradictory to findings from past studies. Thus these results are discussed and are compared and contrasted with past studies. The results of this study have practice implications for social workers. Social work practitioners working with individuals can advocate for improving client access in their communities by improving and introducing programming whose goal is to connect people to food resources. Social workers engaged in policy efforts can work at the local, state, and national levels by working in multidisciplinary groups to improve existing programs and prioritize funding that improves issues of equality. While this study examined predictors among a nationally representative sample, it is important for future research to look at differences specifically among age groups, racial and ethnic minorities, and rural residents.

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en crear una idea de negocio innovadora que cubra una necesidad actual y pueda ser viable de ejecutarse. En la investigación se identificó a través de entrevistas de profundidad que existen padres que cuando van a comprar ropa para sus bebés entre cero y dos años, se sienten abrumados porque los bebés se aburren rápidamente. Por esta razón, nace WAWA STORE, una idea de negocio que consiste en fabricar y comercializar ropa personalizada para bebés a través de una Web App. Para el desarrollo del presente proyecto se cuenta con un equipo de trabajo con experiencia en el rubro, uno de los integrantes en la actualidad cuenta con un negocio de ropa para niños y el equipo que lo acomp0aña cuenta con experiencia en administración, finanzas, y ventas. El presente proyecto cuenta con el potencial de generar una rentabilidad promedio anual de 15% asimismo, les permitirá a los accionistas recuperar su inversión con un excedente de S/.139,290 que logra una tasa de rendimiento interna de retorno de 84%. Por último, para poner en marcha el proyecto se requiere una inversión total de S/.89,186 soles, de los cuales se cuenta con el 66% de capital propio. En consecuencia, se busca adquirir un aporte de inversión de S/.30,000 para dar inicio a las operaciones. / The present research work is to create an innovative business idea that meets a current need and can be viable to execute. The research identified through in-depth interviews that there are parents who when they go to buy clothes for their babies between zero and two years old, they feel overwhelmed because babies get bored quickly. For this reason, WAWA STORE was born as a business idea that consists of manufacturing and marketing personalized baby clothes through a web app. For the development of this project there is a work team with experience in the field, one of the members currently has a business of clothing for children and the team that accompanies him has experience in administration, finance and sales. This project has the potential to generate an average annual return of 15% also, it will allow shareholders to recover their investment with a surplus of S/. 139,290 achieving an internal return rate of 89%. Finally, the implementation of the project requires a total investment of S/.89,186 soles, of which 66% own capital is available. Consequently, it seeks to acquire an investment contribution of S/.30,000 to start operations. / Trabajo de investigación

The local food environment plays an important role in the health of adolescents, especially in rural areas. Often, rural areas lack the accessibility and availability of healthy food choices, making a healthy lifestyle difficult to achieve. This study presents a cross-sectional survey of rural adolescents in 8 counties in Kentucky and North Carolina to determine the association between food store choice, body mass index (BMI), and key dietary outcomes. Although BMI had no association with food store choice, those who infrequently shopped at gas stations, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants consumed significantly less added sugar (p < 0.05) than those who shopped at those stores more regularly. Increasing the availability and accessibility of food venues with healthy food options such as supermarkets may decrease added sugar intake among rural adolescents.

La industria de centros comerciales en el Perú presentó en los últimos años un crecimiento bastante acelerado debido en gran parte al auge económico de la región. El aumento de centros comerciales, hizo que sus visitantes sean más demandantes en la atención y los servicios ofrecidos, de manera que surge la necesidad en los centros comerciales de diferenciarse al brindar un valor agregado a través de la búsqueda una constante de renovación con el fin de incrementar el interés del visitante, su lealtad y mejorar la calidad de la experiencia de visita. En la presente tesis se analizará el caso de Real Plaza Primavera, con el objetivo de obtener un mayor entendimiento del comportamiento del consumidor para mejorar su experiencia de visita. Se realizaron encuestas a ciudadanos de Lima Metropolitana sobre sus preferencias en aspectos relacionados al tema en este centro comercial, además, se consultó la data recabada a través de entrevistas a profundidad con expertos en el rubro. Finalmente, se observó que la variable de la atractividad con mayor peso es la de la atmósfera, mientras que el entretenimiento es la que tiene un menor peso relativo; además, se observó que sí existe una relación significativa entre la lealtad de un visitante de centros comerciales con la atmósfera y sus variables que la componen. El consumidor peruano evoluciona y la industria debe interpretar estas exigencias como oportunidades de mejora y diferenciación frente a la competencia a través de la experiencia de visita generada en sus clientes. / In recent years, the shopping center industry in Peru has grown quite rapidly, due to the region’s economic boom. The increase of shopping centers, made the visitors more demanding for attention and a constant improve in the services offered by it. In the need of shopping centers to differentiate themselves by providing added value by seeking constant renewal and innovation to improve the interest of the visitor and the quality of the experience towards the consumer. The present dissertation will analyze the case of Real Plaza Primavera where; in addition to conceptual issues, relevant information will be reviewed for the analysis of attractiveness and loyalty factors in this shopping center, with the aim to achieve a better understanding of costumer’s behavior and improving the visiting experience. Therefore, surveys were applied to visitors of Real Plaza Primavera living in Lima Metropolitana, which results has led us to identificate recommendations towards the industry. As well as, in- depth interviews with experts in the field. Finally, according to the results, the variable of attractiveness with greater weight is atmosphere, while entertainment is the one that has a lower relative weight; in addition, the results have shown that there is a significant relationship between the loyalty of a visitor with the atmosphere and its variables. The Peruvian consumer evolves and demands more and better attention, therefore the industry must interpret these requirements as opportunities for improvement and differentiation from competitors in the retail industry. / Tesis

To significantly reduce the volumes of food currently wasted in industrialized countries, tackling food waste on the household level is paramount. While awareness campaigns and economic incentives are important measures, it is crucial to look beyond individual decision making and scrutinize how contextual factors frame consumer lifestyles in ways that intensify the issue of food going to waste. This paper addresses the role of material contexts-in particular, infrastructures and Technologies- in the shaping of food shopping and storing practices and thus consumer food waste. It presents an in-depth, qualitative study with 24 Austrian households, conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected through food waste diaries, semi-structured interviews and a total of 16 focus group discussions. In line with other studies, we find that food waste is a largely unintended outcome of entangled daily routines revolving around food, such as meal planning, grocery shopping and food storing. The characteristics of food retail infrastructures-in terms of accessibility, density and type-shape these routines and thus potentially influence excess food purchases. Food storing practices as well depend on the characteristics of domestic infrastructures and co-evolve with technologies used for storing food. Unraveling the interconnectivity between material contexts and household food practices can inform policy, product design and food retail development and thus has implications for reducing consumer food waste.

Christmas is generally described as cultural, ritual and sociological phenomena of devotion, community and consumption. The topic of this dissertation concerns a specific stream of research within the general domain of consumer behaviour. The focal objective of this study is to develop a model and generate theory about parental gift giving behaviour at Christmas. My study is unique because it attempts to model parental gift giving at Christmas in a consumer behaviour context. Consumer behaviour theory suggests that parents seek information about possible gifts, set selection criteria for gift purchase, evaluate alternatives and buy the gifts for their children. Following this broad view of theory, parents respond to children's request behaviour, evaluate the suitability of any requests and purchase the approved or appropriate items as Christmas gifts. Children are encouraged to request any gifts that they desire, and these gift requests are often for specific brands. In general Christmas gifts are selected from children's products and brands and there is extensive debate and research relating to television advertising and children's request behaviour at Christmas. However, parents are not exposed to the same sources of advertising as their children and there is little evidence of research into the very important topics concerning motives, strategies, evaluations and the giving of brands that characterize parents' Christmas gift giving to their children. The significance of this dissertation resides in the development and presentation of a comprehensive model for the conceptualisation of parental gift giving at Christmas, based on antecedents to parents' social roles of gift giving and direct and indirect behavioural outcomes of those gift giving roles. Measures for each of these outcomes are developed and gender effects are also explored. The sample frame was described as a parent with at least one child between the ages of 3-8 years and a survey package was delivered to parents of children from participating schools and kindergartens. There were 2560 surveys distributed, with 450 individual responses representing a return rate of 17.6%. The 450 cases available for analysis were factor analysed and formed into composite and latent variables to facilitate statistical analysis via Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, which is an appropriate procedure when the relationships are unknown or theoretical. The results of the research have two distinct streams. The first stream relates to the creation and validation of measurement constructs for the concept of Christmas spirit, parental gift giving, request communication, brand benefits and use of information sources, as well as involvement in giving gifts and involvement in giving brands as gifts. The second stream relates to the relationships between variables; the results support the relationships antecedent to the parents' social roles of gift giving. There is a significant relationship of Christmas spirit with involvement in giving gifts and with parental gift giving roles. A significant relationship also exists between involvement in giving gifts and parental gift giving roles. However, there is limited support for propositions related to outcomes of parental gift giving roles where there are significant relations between these roles and Christmas request communication, brand benefits and information sources. There is also a significant, indirect relationship between brand benefits and involvement in giving brands as gifts. As part of the second stream, gender differences were examined; the results show that mothers' Christmas spirit has no effect on their gift giving roles and gift giving roles have no significant effect on request communication and information source usage. On the other hand, the results show that the fathers' gift giving activities reflect the relationships outlined in the parental model. The study has academic implications for sociology and consumer behaviour disciplines and commercial implications for manufacturers, advertisers, brand owners and retailers. Further investigations will be necessary to incorporate other elements into the parental gift-giving model and to extend the theory toward a fuller understanding of the parental Christmas gift giving phenomena.

Consumers tell stories every day: stories about the products they buy, the experiences they consume, even their friends� and families� consumption experiences - in fact, stories about most aspects of their lives. People live �storied� lives. Consumption experiences are understood and related to others through stories (2003). These stories are loaded with personal, social and cultural meaning that varies significantly dependent upon the intended audience and effect (Bruner 1987) Stories are everywhere and understanding these narratives in relation to consumer experience is a challenge that consumer research must embrace (Stern 1998b). The study of such narratives must address issues such as the content of the story, how it is told, who is actually doing the telling and for what purpose. All these stories exist in context. These contexts are not a means in themselves; rather, they are a means to understand a particular aspect of a consumer phenomenon. In this case, the research presented in this thesis seeks to understand the purpose and function of consumers� narratives about commercial adventure experiences. Hence the context of this research is commercial adventure experiences consumed in Queenstown, New Zealand, billed in promotional tourist literature as �the adventure capital of the world� (Smitz et al. 2004). This specific focus on commercial adventure therefore defines the sample group as consumers of commercial adventure experiences in Queenstown. Hence, the scope of this research is limited to understanding the phenomenon under investigation (consumer narratives) in relation to members of Generation Y, as they are the primary consumers of commercial adventure experiences in New Zealand. This research adopts an interpretive, inductive approach utilising qualitative tools to frame and develop an evolving research question. The primary data collection has an initial framing of the research question phase and then three main phases utilising a variety of qualitative tools including observation, in-depth interviewing and videography. The research addressed many issues, including the preference of consumers to narrate these adventure consumption experiences to their most valued community, their home community, and how they intended to tell their stories to their home community when removed from that community. Additionally, consumers� perceptions of �cool� were investigated, together with the reactions they anticipated receiving from their audiences. This research investigated �cool� as a more meaningful term than status, used by the members of Generation Y to describe the most desired outcome for the narration of their consumption experiences. Several key themes emerged from this research. They were the use of these consumer experience narratives in the identity-construction process, both collectively and individually, and how this related to the classic hero myth identity construction (Campbell 1972) and how �cool� was acquired by these consumers through their narrations. Implications of the findings are presented for consumer research with specific reference to a model of community formation based on consumption practices and Generation Y as a community sharing a consciousness of kind.