This thesis focuses on the finite element modeling and analysis of wood shoring towers used by Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) teams during emergency response situations. These shores are constructed on site to provide temporary stabilization to a damaged structure. A high demand exists for experimental testing of the performance of these shores under non-ideal loading conditions, and for possible design modifications that could improve their overall behavior. To respond to this need, a total of thirteen vertical shores of the type laced post (LP) and plywood laced post (PLP) were constructed and tested at the Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory (FSEL) in Austin, Texas. The tests conducted on these shores aimed to investigate their performance under purely vertical load as well as various combinations of vertical and lateral loads. Finite element models for eight of the shores tested at FSEL were built and analyzed in Abaqus to compare the computed results with the actual linear elastic response of the shores. Material properties for the posts in each shore were obtained through further material testing at the conclusion of each shore test. Shore members were assumed to be isotropic. Solid elements were used to model each member, and Cartesian connector elements with a predefined nonlinear stiffness were used to model each nail. In general, the vertical load-displacement response computed from Abaqus exhibited good agreement with the laboratory results for the linear elastic range. The same general modeling scheme was then used to make design changes to the original shores based on observations gained during testing as well as modeling. Each design change was modeled, analyzed, and then compared with the computed results from the original shore design as well as the other design changes. The basis for evaluating the effectiveness of a given shore design involved comparing the bending moment diagrams for each post and the maximum first story nail slips (connector displacements). Recommendations were made for improved shore designs to be verified by experimental testing. / text

Este trabalho investiga, teórica e experimentalmente, a transferência de cargas que ocorre entre pavimentos de concreto armado ligados por meio de pontaletes, bem como busca identificar eventos e procedimentos que promovam ações críticas de execução. Em recente revisão, as normas da ABNT sugerem uma maior preocupação com as ações aplicadas nas estruturas, com o concreto ainda jovem. A literatura nacional e internacional pesquisada também indica a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas decorrentes de deformações excessivas nas estruturas devida às ações de construção que, inclusive, podem superar o que é previsto em projeto. Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma metodologia experimental e são mostradas duas análises experimentais em edifícios de andares múltiplos, com ciclos acelerados de execução. Foi instrumentado o escoramento remanescente e o reescoramento de uma parte representativa das estruturas, através da colocação de células de carga, com o objetivo de medir as cargas que são transferidas para os pavimentos por meio dos pontaletes. O primeiro ensaio contou com a instrumentação de dois pontaletes, correspondentes ao escoramento remanescente, em uma laje de tamanho médio, em quatro pavimentos consecutivos. Já o segundo ensaio contou com a instrumentação de oito pontaletes, correspondentes ao reescoramento, em uma laje de grandes dimensões em um único pavimento. Várias situações foram observadas nos experimentos, tais como: sensibilidade frente às variações térmicas, fluência no concreto, aperto descontrolado dos pontaletes em condição de reescoramento, entre outros aspectos importantes. Os resultados mostraram um grande potencial investigativo das técnicas de execução e manuseio dos sistemas de escoramento, escoramento remanescente e reescoramento, inclusive a necessidade de ampliar a investigação experimental. Identificou-se que os modelos teóricos necessitam de uma majoração de valores e que as formas de aplicação das cargas pelos pontaletes nas lajes influenciam, fortemente, a grandeza das solicitações, provocando importantes perdas de segurança. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de se ampliar as combinações de carregamento de projeto, com níveis de carga de acordo com as etapas construtivas e com modo de aplicação compatível com a quantidade e posição dos pontaletes. / This paper investigates, theoretically and experimentally, load transfer that occurs between reinforced concrete pavements connected by props and seeks to identify events and procedures that promote critical actions for implementation. In a recent review, ABNT codes suggest a greater concern on the actions applied to structures with a still young concrete. The national and international literature consulted also indicates the occurrence of pathological manifestations resulting from excessive deformations in structures due to construction actions which may overcome what is expected on the project. An experimental methodology is developed in this work and two experimental analyses on multi-storey buildings with accelerated execution cycles are shown. The shoring remaining and the re-shoring of a representative proportion of the structures were instrumented by placing load cells, intending to measure the loads that are transferred to the pavements through the props. The first test involved the instrumentation of two props, corresponding to the remaining shoring, on a medium sized slab, in four consecutive pavements. The second test involved the instrumentation of eight props, corresponding to the re-shoring, in a large slab on a single deck. Several situations have been observed in the experiments such as sensitivity to thermal variations, creep in concrete, uncontrolled tightening of props on re-shoring condition, among other important aspects. The results showed a great potential investigative of the implementing technical and handling of shoring systems, remaining shoring and re-shoring, including the need to expand the experimental investigation. It was identified that the theoretical models require an increase of values and that forms of application of the loads on the slab by the props, strongly influence the magnitude of requests, resulting in significant loss of security. It was concluded that it is important to expand the loading project combinations with load levels according to the constructive stages and application mode, consistent with the amount and position of the props.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Verifica-se que a maioria dos acidentes com estruturas de concreto ocorrem durante a etapa de construÃÃo, devido principalmente à falha na estabilidade de seus escoramentos. à importante ressaltar que esses acidentes podem ocasionar perdas de vidas, atrasos significativos nas obras, danos materiais e perdas financeiras. Os escoramentos sÃo estruturas provisÃrias responsÃveis por resistir aos esforÃos e aÃÃes provenientes das etapas de execuÃÃo da estrutura de concreto, incluindo o lanÃamento do concreto, o peso das fÃrmas e armaÃÃo, peso prÃprio do concreto, trabalhadores, equipamentos, alÃm de possÃveis sobrecargas. Inicialmente foram elaborados modelos de elementos finitos de barra para o estudo do comportamento de torres de escoramento. Foram realizadas anÃlises nÃo lineares fÃsicas e geomÃtricas e os resultados numÃricos foram comparados com resultados experimentais disponÃveis na literatura obtendo-se uma boa concordÃncia. Estas anÃlises mostraram a importÃncia das condiÃÃes de contorno e da consideraÃÃo das imperfeiÃÃes iniciais. Em seguida foi apresentada uma metodologia para verificaÃÃo da seguranÃa de torres metÃlicas utilizadas no escoramento de estruturas de concreto com pÃ-direito elevado. As normas NBR 15696:2009 e BS 5975:2008 sÃo utilizadas na determinaÃÃo das aÃÃes externas e imperfeiÃÃes iniciais. Os esforÃos internos sÃo obtidos utilizando anÃlises nÃo lineares geomÃtricas. Os esforÃos obtidos nestas anÃlises sÃo utilizados para verificaÃÃo da seguranÃa das barras de acordo com a NBR 8800:2008. Foram considerados modelos estruturais 3D (pÃrtico espacial) e 2D (pÃrtico plano). Estes estudos mostraram que em alguns casos à possÃvel utilizar modelos planos para analisar a torre sem prejuÃzo nos resultados, mas em outros casos à necessÃrio utilizar modelos tridimensionais. Verificou-se tambÃm que a falha das torres ocorre normalmente devido a flexo-compressÃo das barras e que o esforÃo cortante tem pouca importÃncia na verificaÃÃo da seguranÃa. / It is well-known that most accidents with concrete structures occur in the construction phase, mainly due to stability failure of their shoring systems. These accidents can cause injuries, loss of life, significant construction delays, and finantial losses. Scaffolds are temporary structures that support construction loads, such as fresh concrete, steel, formwork and workers. First of all, finite element models composed of bars were created in order to study the structural behavior of steel scaffolds. Material and geometric nonlinear analyses were performed and the numerical results were compared with experimental results found in literature, showing good agreement. These analyses showed the importance of the boundary conditions and of the consideration of initial imperfections. Then, it was presented a methodology to verify the safety of steel scaffolding systems used in the construction of high-clearance concrete structures. The NBR 15696:2009 and BS 5975:2008 standards were adopted for the determination of external loads and initial imperfections. The internal forces were obtained from geometric nonlinear analyses. These forces were used to verify the safety of the steel members according to NBR 8800:2008. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional structural models (i.e. space and plane frames) were adopted. The results showed that, in some cases, it is possible to use plane models to analyze the scaffolding system, but, in other cases, it is necessary to use three-dimensional models. It was also noted that the scaffoldings failure occurs, in general, under combined compression and bending of the steel bars and also that the shear forces are not critical to the failure of these structures.

Off-shoring is a wide-spread instrument for strategic management of companies. According to OECD, 60% of global trade is carried out among subsidiaries of multinational companies. This thesis describes possibilities and methods of using off-shoring which are supported by examples of real companies. The thesis does not deal with off-shoring in the form of production transfer to another state, but with off-shoring in the form of earmarking certain activities, such as purchasing, sale, financing, intellectual property, which are the ways to real cost reduction by means of tax optimisation. Tax savings can thus be used for reducing direct production costs in situations when the production cannot be transferred or when investment costs of such transfer would be too high. It can be also used for off-shoring the production activity.

Este trabalho investiga, teórica e experimentalmente, a transferência de cargas que ocorre entre pavimentos de concreto armado ligados por meio de pontaletes, bem como busca identificar eventos e procedimentos que promovam ações críticas de execução. Em recente revisão, as normas da ABNT sugerem uma maior preocupação com as ações aplicadas nas estruturas, com o concreto ainda jovem. A literatura nacional e internacional pesquisada também indica a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas decorrentes de deformações excessivas nas estruturas devida às ações de construção que, inclusive, podem superar o que é previsto em projeto. Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma metodologia experimental e são mostradas duas análises experimentais em edifícios de andares múltiplos, com ciclos acelerados de execução. Foi instrumentado o escoramento remanescente e o reescoramento de uma parte representativa das estruturas, através da colocação de células de carga, com o objetivo de medir as cargas que são transferidas para os pavimentos por meio dos pontaletes. O primeiro ensaio contou com a instrumentação de dois pontaletes, correspondentes ao escoramento remanescente, em uma laje de tamanho médio, em quatro pavimentos consecutivos. Já o segundo ensaio contou com a instrumentação de oito pontaletes, correspondentes ao reescoramento, em uma laje de grandes dimensões em um único pavimento. Várias situações foram observadas nos experimentos, tais como: sensibilidade frente às variações térmicas, fluência no concreto, aperto descontrolado dos pontaletes em condição de reescoramento, entre outros aspectos importantes. Os resultados mostraram um grande potencial investigativo das técnicas de execução e manuseio dos sistemas de escoramento, escoramento remanescente e reescoramento, inclusive a necessidade de ampliar a investigação experimental. Identificou-se que os modelos teóricos necessitam de uma majoração de valores e que as formas de aplicação das cargas pelos pontaletes nas lajes influenciam, fortemente, a grandeza das solicitações, provocando importantes perdas de segurança. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de se ampliar as combinações de carregamento de projeto, com níveis de carga de acordo com as etapas construtivas e com modo de aplicação compatível com a quantidade e posição dos pontaletes. / This paper investigates, theoretically and experimentally, load transfer that occurs between reinforced concrete pavements connected by props and seeks to identify events and procedures that promote critical actions for implementation. In a recent review, ABNT codes suggest a greater concern on the actions applied to structures with a still young concrete. The national and international literature consulted also indicates the occurrence of pathological manifestations resulting from excessive deformations in structures due to construction actions which may overcome what is expected on the project. An experimental methodology is developed in this work and two experimental analyses on multi-storey buildings with accelerated execution cycles are shown. The shoring remaining and the re-shoring of a representative proportion of the structures were instrumented by placing load cells, intending to measure the loads that are transferred to the pavements through the props. The first test involved the instrumentation of two props, corresponding to the remaining shoring, on a medium sized slab, in four consecutive pavements. The second test involved the instrumentation of eight props, corresponding to the re-shoring, in a large slab on a single deck. Several situations have been observed in the experiments such as sensitivity to thermal variations, creep in concrete, uncontrolled tightening of props on re-shoring condition, among other important aspects. The results showed a great potential investigative of the implementing technical and handling of shoring systems, remaining shoring and re-shoring, including the need to expand the experimental investigation. It was identified that the theoretical models require an increase of values and that forms of application of the loads on the slab by the props, strongly influence the magnitude of requests, resulting in significant loss of security. It was concluded that it is important to expand the loading project combinations with load levels according to the constructive stages and application mode, consistent with the amount and position of the props.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T12:15:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BENATTI_Glauco_2016.pdf: 4657385 bytes, checksum: c8b25df3de46eef54924ed992b7bf785 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T12:15:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BENATTI_Glauco_2016.pdf: 4657385 bytes, checksum: c8b25df3de46eef54924ed992b7bf785 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T12:15:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BENATTI_Glauco_2016.pdf: 4657385 bytes, checksum: c8b25df3de46eef54924ed992b7bf785 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T12:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BENATTI_Glauco_2016.pdf: 4657385 bytes, checksum: c8b25df3de46eef54924ed992b7bf785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Não recebi financiamento / This paper presents a case study on the restructuring process of a Brazilian operation of a century-old Fortune 500 American multinational manufacturer of industrial equipment. The focus of the work lies with the dissonance between discourse and the result of that process, raising the hypothesis that capital market pressure is behind such restructuring. The annual reports of this company portray the restructuring as a recurring corporate strategy, through which the company seeks to boost confidence in the capital market itself and its ability to deliver better results (or reverse bad ones) without, however, such results are achieved in fact, as this case study aims to show. This institutional literature proved to be a flagship tool company speech aimed at telling the actors of the capital market, stories about the strategies set in motion in defense of the interests of shareholders. The examination of such documents for this case study revealed that these strategies unfold in sometimes more tangible actions, sometimes more performing ones and, while restructuring proved to be more performing actions; the strategy of acquisitions / divestiments in series proved to be the most tangible ones. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o processo de reestruturação da operação brasileira de uma multinacional americana centenária, fabricante de equipamentos industriais e presente na Fortune 500. O foco do trabalho recai sobre a dissonância entre o discurso e o resultado desse processo, levantando a hipótese de que a pressão do mercado de capitais esteja por trás de tal reestruturação. Os relatórios anuais desta empresa retratam a reestruturação como uma estratégia corporativa recorrente, através da qual, a empresa busca reforçar a confiança do mercado de capitais em si e em sua capacidade de oferecer melhores resultados (ou reverter os ruins), sem que, no entanto, tais resultados sejam alcançados de fato, como o presente estudo de caso pretende mostrar. Tal literatura institucional revelou-se uma ferramenta emblemática do discurso da empresa que visa contar aos atores do mercado de capitais, histórias sobre as estratégias colocadas em movimento em defesa dos interesses dos acionistas. O exame de tais documentos para este estudo de caso revelou que tais estratégias se desdobram em ações ora mais tangíveis, ora mais performáticas sendo que, enquanto as reestruturações se revelaram ações mais performáticas, a estratégia de aquisições / alienações em série revelaram-se as mais tangíveis.

J'ai présenté tout d'abord l'examen de l'évolution des dispositions mises en œuvre dans les écoles de formation des maîtres. Puis, l'analyse du contexte social qualifié d' «hypermoderne » (Aubert 2006) m'a permis de confirmer l'affaiblissement d'un soutien institutionnel à la construction identitaire professionnelle. A l'aide de la notion anthropologique de ''rite de passage'', j'ai pu appréhender les fonctions essentielles de la marque physique et le rôle primordial du groupe dans les processus de changement identitaire. Dans la deuxième partie, j'ai analysé le contenu de trois entretiens, menés auprès de débutant-e-s, réalisés selon une démarche clinique à orientation psychanalytique (Blanchard-Laville et al, 2005). Cette méthodologie m'a permis d'approcher les traces de processus inconscients qui viendraient perturber la construction d'un « soi-professionnel » (Abraham 1984). De plus, j'ai envisagé par quelles modalités les discours institutionnels prendraient part dans ces processus.Enfin, j'ai présenté les conditions d'un atelier d'écriture proposé à de futurs enseignant-e-s que j'ai pu mettre en oeuvre dans le cadre de mes missions de formatrice. Cette présentation est complétée par l'analyse d'entretiens cliniques auprès de deux participantes aux ateliers. La tentative d'un regard clinique sur les textes produits et l'analyse du contenu des entretiens ont permis de consolider l'hypothèse selon laquelle un récit de soi, pourrait prendre valeur d'un « étayage psychique » à la construction identitaire professionnelle. / I firstly presented the review of the evolution of the provisions implemented in teacher training schools. Then, the analysis of qualified social context of "hypermodern" (Aubert 2006) allowed me to confirm the weakening of institutional support to professional identity construction. Using anthropological concept of 'rite of passage' 'I was able to grasp the essential functions of the physical mark and the primary role of the group in identity change process. In the second part, I analyzed the content of three interviews conducted with beginner-es, made according to a clinical approach to psychoanalytic orientation (Blanchard-Laville et al). This methodology has allowed me to approach the traces of unconscious processes that would disrupt the construction of a "so-professional" (Abraham Ada date). Moreover, by what I considered institutional discourse modalities take part in these processes. Finally, I presented the terms of a writing workshop offered to future teachers are I could implement within my formative missions. This presentation is supplemented by analysis of clinical interviews with two workshop participants. The attempt of a clinical look at the products and the content analysis of interviews texts have strengthened the hypothesis that a self-narrative, could take value of a "psychic shoring" vocational identity construction.

This paper investigates the impact of the increased off-shoring in business and manufacturing to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Since the off-shoring process is a relatively new activity, there is no precise definition of how to measure its direct impact on a country’s economy. Thus the study is dedicated to identify the main economic factors associated with off-shoring and to examine their impact on the economic growth. The study has used a dataset on economic characteristics for 9 CEE countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia) during the time period of 2000 - 2008. After applying fixed and random effects econometric model to the panel data for 9 countries, empirical results showed that FDI inflows that enter the country with offshoring processes have a positive influence on the GDP of those countries. Additionally, exports of manufactured products and ICT services are also shown to have a positive influence on GDP. At the same time, indigenous investments and private consumption do have a stronger impact on economic growth compared to foreign direct investments and exports, respectively.

The diploma thesis deals with solution of construction commercial and administrative building in Ostrava. The general aim is realization of building foundition. This work also deals with studies of the building. Building is located in the center of Ostrava on a flat terrain. The components of this thesis are technological specification, project construction site, schedule of work, financial plan and rough construction cost.

La dimension intersubjective familiale du devenir mère lors de la période sensible du post­ partum a été peu abordée en psychanalyse ou dans les autres courants en psychologie. Hypothèses : le défaut d'étayage de la famille dans l'immédiat post-partum impacte les processus de la maternalité chez la mère : son état psychique (dépression et anxiété), sa préoccupation primaire et sa rêverie, ainsi que le destin de ses motions hostiles dans ses relations. Approches épistémologiques : la psychologie clinique et la psychopathologie avec d'autres apports. Méthode mixte (clinique et quantitative) longitudinale et comparative sur une population de 35 familles. Outils : des entretiens, des temps d'observations et des auto-questionnaires évaluant l'état psychique de la mère (EPDS et STA I), ses relations conjugales (EAD), parentales (IAP) et ses ressources internes (RSQ et PBI). Résultats : les mères qui ont peu bénéficié de soutien familial sont plus nombreuses à présenter des signes de détresse psychique et ces signes perdurent dans le temps, 6 mois après la naissance de leur enfant. L'analyse de trois cas cliniques permet de suivre dans le temps la complexité des processus de la maternalité, leurs liens avec l'étayage familial et les facteurs intra-psychiques , intersubjectifs et sociétaux qui les soutiennent ou au contraire les fragilisent. Les motions hostiles de la mère, non contenues par la famille élargie, alimentent sa détresse et l'ensemble de ses relations, avec le conjoint, le père et/ou l'enfant. Conclusion : le travail psychique nécessaire dans le post-partum immédiat du devenir mère ne peut être envisagé sans son réseau d'étayage familial. Celui-ci est en interaction avec ses appuis internes et dépend des relations avec le père. Le contexte social l'influence. Conséquences : cette recherche montre l'importance de prendre en compte,chez la mère, le besoin dans la réalité du soutien de sa famille juste après la naissance et la mise en place d'étayage professionnel adapté. / The intersubjective family dimension of becoming a mother during the sensitive postpartum period has been little discussed in psychoanalysis or in other currents in psychology. Hypotheses: the lack of family's shoring in the immediate post-partum impact the motherhood processes: her psychic state (depression and anxiety). the establishment of maternai processes (primary maternai concern and maternai reverie), as well as the fate of her hostile motions in her relations. Epistemological approaches: clinical psychology and psychopathology with other contributions. Longitudinal and comparative mixed (clinical and quantitative) method in a sample of 35 families. Tools : interviews. observations and self-questionnaires assessing the psychic state of the mother (EPDS and STAI). her conjugal relationship (DAS), parental relationship (PAi) and her internai resources (RSQ and PBI). Results: Mothers with little family support are more likely to show signs of psychic distress and these signs persist over time, 6 months after the child birth. The analysis of three clinical cases makes it possible to follow over time the complexity of maternai processes, their links with family's shoring and the intra-psychic, intersubjective and societal factors that support or weaken them. The mother's hostile motions. not contained in the extended family, fuel her distress and her whole relationship with the spouse. father, and / or child. Conclusion: the necessary psychic work of becoming a mother in the immediate postpartum can not be considered without her family support network. This one is in interaction with her internai supports and depends on the relations with the father. The social context influences it. Consequences: this research shows the importance of taking into account, for the mother, the need in reality of the family support just after the birth and the setting up of adapted professional support.