This study explored, through naturalistic observations and interviews, the teasing experiences of three dyads of preschool age siblings. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature, form, intent, and responses of young children to experiences of teasing within their sibling relationship. Participants in this study included two brother dyads and one male-female twin dyad. The mothers from all three families also participated in the study. During the 50 hours of observation, 54 incidences of teasing were recorded between the siblings. The sibling dyads tended to utilize teasing in a distinctive manner, with teasing having both a role in playful interactions and creating an invitation for play while also being a source of hurtful and mean behaviour. The form of sibling teasing noted throughout this study included components not identified in previous research. The sibling teasing behaviours observed were also distinct from teasing more typical of peers. Taunting and more physical forms of teasing were more prevalent than verbal teasing. Results of the interviews of adults indicate that parents perceive a social and cognitive function for sibling teasing, and that schooling and early childhood programs both facilitate and address teasing and teasing prevention within their programs. Results of the interviews with the children indicate that siblings perceive teasing to have both a playful component as well as hurtful elements. The results of this study hold implications for the understanding of child development. Teasing may function to limit or enhance social skill development as children balance and negotiate aspects of pretense, non-literal communication, and facets of the social context in order to tease and formulate responses to teasing. The results of the study might also hold several implications for educators, parents, and training programs. The parents of this study often felt ill prepared or over-burdened in addressing their children’s conflicts, teasing, and aggression. This finding highlights the need for intervention and education on teasing that targets the home environment, early childhood programs, and schooling. Additionally, resources on the subject of teasing and young children need to be developed.

L'évolution de la psychiatrie contemporaine est marquée par le basculement d'une partie importante de la prise en charge vers les familles. De ce fait, les situations de cohabitation du patient avec ses frères et sœurs sont de plus en plus fréquentes.Faisant suite à une recherche-action portant sur 600 frères et sœurs de personnes atteintes de troubles psychotiques, cette recherche s'inscrit dans une approche compréhensive qui donne une place centrale à l'expérience et à l'analyse qualitative de cas.La recherche permet de mieux comprendre la nature spécifique des retentissements de la schizophrénie sur la fratrie qui combine crainte de la contamination, contagiosité psychique et emprise. Il convient de prendre en compte ces trois dimensions pour développer une information et un accompagnement approprié pour les frères et sœurs. La recherche permet de repérer l'actualisation de la tension spéculaire lors de l'apparition des troubles, non seulement pour les frères et sœurs du patient, mais aussi pour le patient lui-même. Si elle est trop intense, la tension spéculaire peut faire peser une menace sur l'ensemble des frères et sœurs, avec de surcroit pour le malade la crainte de représenter lui-même une menace pour le reste du groupe. Ceci peut conduire à des mouvements radicaux de séparation et de collage pour les frères et sœurs du patient, mais aussi de repli pour la personne malade. En revanche, si elle est supportée par la fratrie, la tension spéculaire peut soutenir la capacité réflexive du patient et ainsi représenter un levier thérapeutique.Les situations de cohabitation, quand elles sont banalisées et contraintes, renforcent la tension spéculaire. Il convient donc de prendre en considération l'ensemble des personnes qui sont amenées à vivre sous le même toit que la personne malade lors de sa sortie d'hospitalisation. La recherche montre que soutenir les relations fraternelles dans les situations de cohabitation représente un intérêt non seulement sur le plan préventif pour les frères et sœurs, mais aussi sur le plan curatif pour la personne malade. / Recent developments in contemporary psychiatry are underlined by an important change involving families as caregivers. As a consequence, more and more brothers and sisters live with their diseased sibling. This research project follows a previous research and action project involving 600 siblings of psychotic patients. This work follows a comprehensive approach that gives central focus to experience and qualitative analysis of cases.Research allows us to better understand the specific nature of schizophrenic impact on siblings that are fearful of contamination, psychic infectiousness and its influence. We need to take into account those 3 dimensions in order to develop information as well as proper follow-up for brothers and sisters.Research also allows us to identify conjoined mirror imaging between the patient and his siblings. When not too strong, this mirror imaging can represent a danger on the siblings as well on the patient himself who can see himself as a potential threat for the rest of the group.This dynamic can lead to radical movements of separation or bonding between brothers and sisters but also as a fall-back for the patient. On the other hand, if this mirror imaging is well supported by siblings, it can generate insight by the patient on his own condition and become a strong therapeutic adjunct.When co-habitation situations are trivialised, mirror imaging can become stronger. It is therefore important to consider everybody that lives under the same roof as the patient as he is discharged.Research shows that proper support of siblings relationships in cohabitation situations can lead to benefits not only on the preventive side for the siblings, but on the therapeutic side for the patient.

Background: When a child in the family is treated for cancer, the invasive roles in the family changes and the focus is on the sick child. Siblings of children with cancer can experience feelings and thoughts that can be difficult to handle on their own.  Purpose: The purpose is to compile knowledge about which supportive and other factors in health care that affects the siblings psychological health after a brother or sisters cancer treatment.  Method: Literature review based on 10 original articles. The research was applied to the database PubMed and the articles had qualitative and quantitative methods.  Results: The results of this literature review can be divided into two categories; information and emotions, and seven subcategories; Cancer disease, involvement in the progression of the disease, before death, healthcare personnel, changes in the family, subjective experiences of having a sibling with cancer and lack of opportunity to talk about feelings and thoughts. The results show that the psychological health of siblings is adversely affected by inadequate information about cancer, disease progression and bodily changes before death. It also appears that the sibling's psychological health is adversely affected by lack of attention from parents and healthcare professionals. Factors that affects sibling's psychological health positively are the opportunity to express feelings and to have the feelings confirmed by parents or healthcare professionals.  Conclusion: This literature review shows that siblings to a brother or sister with cancer need to get information and talk about their feelings and thoughts. Lack of information and emotional support from parents and healthcare professionals can lead to a negative impact of the psychological health. As a nurse it's important to pay attention to the sibling´s needs for support to prevent psychological illness later in life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:41:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Perez Duarte.pdf: 2591292 bytes, checksum: 9f489f5853c436e4e5c66c23c1cd39a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction, behavior and language. Despite the fact that there are no specific biological markers in ASD, there are evidences that its manifestation is due to biological alterations. This hypothesis is endorsed by the fact that, when compared with the general population, some family members of people with ASD - despite not fitting the diagnosis present some cognitive and social impairments as well. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of siblings of individuals diagnosed with ASD (ASDS) (N=29) with a control group composed of siblings of individuals with typical development (TDS) (N=25) on behavioral scales, neuropsychological tests and neurological assessment. Assessment of individuals diagnosed with SDA was carried out for subsequent analysis of the ASDS regrouped in relation to the compromise of their diagnosed siblings. The ASDS group presented higher impairment in the ASQ and in the level of adaptive behavior relating to socialization. When it comes to behavior impairment, they differed in the activity and social competence scales and in the anxiety/depression syndrome scales and in the socialization problems as well as in the internalization and total of problems scales. When compared based on the classifications normal, borderline or clinical, they had poorer performance for activities (competence), isolation and depression, somatic complaint, problems of socialization and in the internalization scale. In the neuropsychological tests, they differed in relation to processing speed in the execution of a picture naming task, time for visual search of stimuli presented in a piece of paper, in the copy and memory reproduction of the model of complex figure and in the evocation of words by the phonological principle in a verbal fluency test. Differences related to cephalic perimeter were described. In the intragroup (ASDS) analysis there was a difference when it was considered the level of adaptive behavior of their diagnosed siblings. Those who have siblings with deeper impairment also presented more alterations related to the everyday activities and to socialization when compared to the ones who have siblings with moderate impairment. In such case, siblings of individuals with the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders presented more alterations than the control group in neuropsychological tests, adaptive behavior assessment scales and behavior problems. / Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) se caracterizam por comprometimentos em relação à interação social, comportamento e linguagem. Há evidências de que alterações biológicas sejam responsáveis pela manifestação do quadro, apesar de ainda não haver um único marcador biológico específico. Tal hipótese é endossada pelo fato de que alguns familiares de pessoas com TEA apresentam prejuízo cognitivos e sociais mais sutis do que as pessoas diretamente afetadas, em relação à população geral. Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o desempenho em escalas de comportamento adaptativo, problemas de comportamento, testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação neurológica, de irmãos de pessoas com o diagnóstico de TEA (ITEA) (N=29), com grupo controle de irmãos de pessoas com desenvolvimento típico (IDT) (N=25). Foi realizada avaliação das pessoas com o diagnóstico, para posterior análise do grupo ITEA reagrupados em função do comprometimento de seus irmãos diagnosticados. O grupo ITEA apresentou maior comprometimento na pontuação do ASQ e nível de comportamento adaptativo, referente à socialização. Sobre os problemas de comportamento diferiram nas escalas de competências para atividades e social e nas escalas síndromes para ansiedade/depressão, isolamento/depressão e problemas de socialização, além das escalas de internalização e total de problemas. Quando comparados com base nas classificações normal, limítrofe ou clínico, foram piores para atividades (competência), isolamento e depressão, queixas somáticas, problemas de socialização e na escala de internalização. Nos testes neuropsicológicos, diferiram em relação à velocidade de processamento na execução de tarefas de nomeação de figuras, tempo para busca visual de estímulos no papel, na cópia e reprodução por memória do modelo de figura complexa e na evocação de palavras através do princípio fonológico em teste de fluência verbal. Diferenças em relação ao perímetro cefálico foram encontradas. Na análise intragrupo (ITEA) houve diferença quando foi considerado o nível de comportamento adaptativo de seus irmãos diagnosticados, sendo que aqueles que possuem irmãos com comprometimento severo/profundo também apresentam mais alterações relacionadas às atividades de vida diária e também de socialização, se comparados com os que possuem irmãos com comprometimento leve/moderado. Diferenças foram encontradas quando os grupos foram separados em função da pontuação no ASQ de seus irmãos com TEA, sendo pior o nível de comportamento adaptativo nas três áreas possíveis, comunicação, atividades de vida diária e socialização. Deste modo, irmãos de pessoas com o diagnóstico de Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo apresentaram mais alterações do que o grupo controle em testes neuropsicológicos, escalas para avaliação de comportamento adaptativo e problemas de comportamento.

The present study was designed to examine differences in the effect of the number of children in the household (also known as “parity”) on the relationship between initiating joint attention (IJA) and language development. We reasoned that infants who are only children (i.e., in uniparous homes), relative to infants who have one or more siblings (i.e., in multiparous homes), would have more opportunity to engage in IJA, and would, therefore, acquire a larger number of object labels. We tested the hypotheses that: 1) there would be a positive correlation between the number of IJA bids and language overall, and 2) parity would moderate the IJA-language relationship such that in uniparous households, the aforementioned correlation would be stronger than in multiparous homes. Joint attention was measured using the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) Picture Book Task, and language was assessed through parental report on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MBCDI). There was no significant correlation between IJA and language on the whole, though there was a significant correlation for infants in uniparous homes between IJA and language. This finding partially supports Hypothesis 2 in terms of the IJA-language relationship being stronger in uniparous homes rather than multiparous ones, though it was only true for productive vocabulary. These null findings may provide reassurance for families with multiple children that their younger children are not at an IJA/language acquisition disadvantage.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård innebär symtomlindring och förbättring av livskvalité för patienter i livets slutskede samt deras familjer. Då ett barn blir sjukt påverkas alla familjemedlemmar. Familjefokuserad omvårdnad baseras på god relation mellan vårdpersonal och familjemedlemmar och eftersträvar förbättra hela familjens mående. Syfte: Belysa familjers erfarenheter av när ett barn vårdas palliativt. Metod: En litteraturanalys utfördes. Sökning gjordes i Cinahl databas. Nio artiklar inkluderades efter granskning enligt Olsson och Sörensen (2011). Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs (2017) femstegsmodell för analys av artiklar. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier (leva med sjukdomen, deltagande i vård och omvårdnad, relationer förändras). Resultaten visade hur familjer upplever vården samt livet i helhet när barn behandlas palliativt. Konklusion: Hela familjer påverkades känslomässigt, fysiskt, ekonomiskt. De upplevde skuld, osäkerhet och sorg. Det viktigaste för familjer var att vårda det sjuka barnet. Relationer utanför familjerna åsidosattes. Föräldrar spenderade mycket tid med barnet och hade inte tid för syskon eller varandra. Samtliga familjemedlemmar var i behov av professionell hjälp under hela vårdperioden. Studien strävade bidra till ökad förståelse av familjesituationen hos familjer där ett barn behandlas palliativt. / Background: Palliative care focuses on improving quality of life for patients and families in the end-of-life. When a child is ill all family members are affected. Family-focused nursing is based on good relations between healthcare professionals and family to improve the whole family wellbeing. Aim: To show families experiences when child receives palliative care. Method: A literature analysis was performed. Searches were made in the Cinahl database. Nine articles were included after grading according to Olsson and Sörensen (2011). Analyzes were conducted based on Friberg's (2017) five-step model. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories (living with the disease, participation in care, changed relations). The results show families’ experiences of care but also life as a whole. Conclusion: Family members are affected emotionally and physically. They experienced guilt and uncertainty. The care of the child was most important. Relationships outside the families were ignored. Parents spent a lot of time with the child and didn't have enough time for siblings. Families were in need of professional help through the period. The study seeks to contribute an increased understanding of the family situation in families where a child receives palliative care.

A family has an invaluable significance for a child of preschool age. It is a basic factor that determines his overall development and nature of free time activities. One of the most important activities are the shared activities of the child and his parents or grandparents, who play an important role in raising of preschool children and showing him a meaningful use of free time. The choice of free time activities should be appropriate to the child's age and should be based on their needs, abilities and skills. The activities should be interesting, varied, from different areas and should have the character of a play. The main way for children to spend free time should be a game. My research has shown that most of the mothers spend more time with their child than the father, with the largest difference occurring during working days. The range of activities reported by parents was greater than those reported by children, but there was a good agreement in the predominantly indicated plays and physical activities. Among the parents' predominant activities were also full-time activities outside the working day. The vast majority of parents indicated that grandparents spend time with the child at least once in 14 days and that they participate in his upbringing. Children also reported that they play with...

Blended families are an increasingly common type of family cohabitation. However, very little is known about the specifics of relationships between individual members of these families and how these relationships affect the personal well-being of the child in these families. The literature review section summarizes the findings of foreign research dealing with the specifics of relationships between individual members of blended families and how these relationships affect children's well-being in these families. The empirical part describes the research investigation and its results. The aim of the research was to find out what parenting styles are used by parents and stepparents in blended families, to compare relationships between different types of siblings and to find out how these relationships and parenting styles are related to children's well-being in these families and family belonging. Keywords Blended families, well-being, family belonging, parenting styles, siblings

This study was designed to examine Adlerian personality priorities of siblings of individuals with Tourette Syndrome (TS). This study aimed to investigate whether a difference exists between TS siblings and siblings of those without disabilities on variables related to personality priorities. It was hypothesized that TS siblings would score significantly higher than the control group on the superiority and pleasing personality priorities and significantly lower on the comfort and control personality priorities. Both of the hypotheses were rejected. First, no significant difference was found between TS siblings and the control group on the superiority and pleasing personality priorities. Second, no significant difference was found between TS siblings and the control group on the comfort personality priority, and TS siblings scored significantly higher than the control group on the control personality priority.

Bakgrund: I Sverige vårdas ungefär 10% av de barn som föds på en neonatalavdelning. Inom neonatalvården är familjecentrerad omvårdnad väl etablerad där barnsjuksköterskan har en central roll i att arbeta med hela familjen. Många av de inneliggande barnen på en neonatalavdelning har äldre syskon. Flera neonatalavdelningar har under perioder haft tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner för syskon på grund av risk för smitta. Syfte: Att beskriva barnsjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vårda familjer på en neonatalavdelning där syskon inte fått vistas på grund av tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sju barnsjuksköterskor. Data analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen av insamlad data resulterade i tre kategorier: Besöksrestriktionernas negativa inverkan på föräldrars situation, Besöksrestriktionernas inverkan på barnsjuksköterskans arbetegentemot familjen samt att arbeta med hela familjen i centrum. Barnsjuksköterskorna upplevde att de tillfälliga besöksrestriktionerna för syskon medförde en stress hos föräldrarna, en känsla av otillräcklighet hos specialistsjuksköterskorna samt att den familjecentreradeomvårdnaden blev svår eller omöjlig att erbjuda. Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskan upplevde att föräldrar, barnsjuksköterskor samt den familjecentrerade omvårdnaden påverkades negativt av de tillfälliga besöksrestriktionerna för syskon. En familjecentrerad omvårdnad är gynnsam för hela familjen, vilket bör tas hänsyn till vid framtidabeslut angående tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner för syskon. / Background: Approximately 10% of children born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit. Familycentered care is well established in neonatal care, where the pediatric nurse has a central role in working with the whole family. Many of the children cared for in the neonatal units has older siblings. Several neonatal units have, during periods of time, had temporary visitation restrictions for siblings due to the risk of infection. Purpose: To describe the pediatric nurse's experiences of caring for families in a neonatal unit where siblings have not been allowed to stay during temporary visitation restrictions. Method: This study has a qualitative design with inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven pediatric nurses. Data were analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis. Result: The analysis of the collected data resulted in three categories The negative impact of visitation restrictions on parents' situation, The impact of the visit restrictions on the pediatric nurse's work with the family. The pediatric nurses experienced that temporary visitation restrictions for siblings led to stress among the parents, a feeling of insufficiency among the specialist nurses and that family-centered care became difficult or impossible to offer. Conclusion: The pediatric nurses experienced that parents, pediatric nurse´s and family-centered care were negatively affected by the temporary visitation restrictions for siblings. Family-centered care is beneficial for the whole family, which should be considered in future decisions concerning temporary visitation restrictions for siblings.