Today, the information (signal timings, detector extension, phase sequence, etc.) to install traffic lights on the street are obtained from traffic software simulations platforms, meaning that information from simulation is not tested on the field (intersection where it will be installed) before the installation. Many installed controllers on the street use time of day (TOD) patterns due to cheaper cost than adaptive traffic control systems, but that is not the best solution for traffic volume changes that can occur during the day or even a month. To improve traffic signal operation most of the traffic signal controllers in the same corridor or zone operate in coordination mode. Furthermore, phases need to be in coordination to achieve “green wave”. Green wave is term used when in corridor traffic lights allow continues flow of traffic through intersections that are coordinated. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Most U.S. urban traffic signal systems deploy multiple signal timing plans to account for daily variability of traffic demand (i.e. morning peak, midday, afternoon peak, off peak and night). Groups of signals (belonging to the one zone or section) along an urban arterial, usually operate in a coordinated manner. This essentially means that timing plans change at the same time for all the signals in the group, so as to facilitate vehicle progression of through a series of signals. Good traffic signal timing practices assume a certain level of monitoring and maintenance in order to guarantee that they are efficient in servicing current traffic conditions. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Pendant de nombreuses années, les femelles ont été décrites comme passives dans les interactions mâles-femelles et ont parfois été négligées dans les études sur les comportements reproducteurs et la communication animale. Pourtant, il est de plus en plus évident que les comportements des femelles influencent ceux des mâles et que les mâles peuvent ajuster leurs comportements de parades aux comportements des femelles. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les signaux que les femelles émettent lors d’interactions avec un mâle dans un contexte de reproduction chez le canari domestique. L’ensemble de mes résultats montre tout d’abord que les femelles utilisent des signaux de parades visuels et acoustiques, c’est-à-dire des postures de sollicitation à l’accouplement et des trilles-spécifiques de femelles, comme une invitation à s’accoupler, mais qu’elles peuvent aussi les utiliser pour inciter le mâle à parader et l’aider à échantillonner la qualité de partenaires potentiels. D’autre part, ces deux signaux n’auraient pas la même efficacité selon le contexte d’émission. Ensuite, il semblerait que les signaux véhiculés par la modalité visuelle pourraient jouer un rôle plus important qu’on ne le pensait jusque-là dans les interactions intersexuelles chez cette espèce. Enfin, cette thèse a aussi pu apporter de nouveaux éléments concernant les préférences des femelles pour les chants de mâles et a montré que les méthodes utilisées en laboratoire pour tester les préférences des femelles étaient fiables et congruentes. Cette thèse permet de contribuer aux recherches grandissantes mettant en évidence le rôle important de la femelle dans les interactions intersexuelles. / Much studies on reproduction and animal communication have considered the female as the passive sex; the role of the female during male-female interactions have often been overlooked. However, there is growing evidence that female behaviours can affect those of the males and that males can adjust their courtships to female behaviours. The aim of this thesis is to understand the signals produced by females during interactions with a male in a reproductive context in the domestic canary. Overall, my results show that females not only use their visual and acoustic signals, the copulation solicitation display and the female-specific trills, as an invitation to copulate but also to incite male to sing as an aid to sample potential mates. Then, these two signals could not have the same efficacy in different contexts of transmission. Moreover, the visual components of the communication seem to be more important than previously thought during intersexual interactions in this species. Finally, this thesis provides new elements about the female preferences for male songs and shows that methods used to test female preferences in laboratory are reliable and congruent. This thesis contributes to the growing number of researches showing that females play an active role in intersexual interactions.

Nenhuma / Neste trabalho propõe-se uma nova metodologia para a análise do ruído magnético Barkhausen, as transformadas Wavelet., uma ferramenta de processamento de sinais que possibilita exibir o comportamento das freqüências e a quantidade de informações presentes em um determinado sinal. As transformadas Wavelet são utilizadas para a análise de sinais não estacionários, proporcionando uma representação tempo-frequência do sinal simultaneamente. Foram estudados três tipos de materiais ferromagnéticos, os aços ASTM A 515, USI SAC 50 e AISI 1045. A primeira fase dos estudos abordou a análise do ruído magnético Barkhausen para a avaliação de tensões mecânicas presentes nestes materiais. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando-se as transformadas Wavelet contínua, Wavelet discreta e Wavelet Packet Entropia Wavelet e o método RMS convencional, sendo comparados os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos. Verificou-se que a utilização da transformada Wavelet Packet Entropia Wavelet apresentou melhores resultados do que os obtidos pelo método RMS. Na segunda fase, os experimentos foram realizados de forma a verificar a possibilidade de emprego do método para a diferenciação das amostras estudadas. Os estudos foram realizados para valores de tensões mecânicas entre -30 MPa e 30 MPa e os resultados obtidos pelo método tradicional RMS e pelo método de Entropia Wavelet foram submetidos a uma análise estatística que possibilitou diferenciar, por intervalos de confiança de 95%, as amostras dos diferentes materiais. As principais conclusões deste trabalho é que a análise do ruído magnético Barkhausen utilizando a técnica de processamento de sinais pelo uso de Entropia Wavelet possibilita a diferenciação de amostras dos diferentes materiais ferromagnéticos estudados e apresenta sensibilidade para a detecção de variações de tensões numa faixa de tensões superior ao método tradicional RMS. Os resultados obtidos com o uso das transformadas Wavelet contínuas e das outras transformadas Wavelet discretas não apresentaram informações relevantes para estas aplicações. / In this study, a new methodology for Barkhausen noise analysis of ferromagnetic materials is proposed. This methodology is based on the use of the Wavelet transforms, a signal processing tool capable of providing the frequency content and he amount of information of a particular signal. The Wavelet transforms are used for non-stationary signals analysis and are capable of providing the time and frequency information simultaneously, hence giving a time-frequency representation of the signal. Three different ferromagnetic materials were investigated, the ASTM A 515, USI SAC 50 and AISI 1045 steels. The first part of the study was directed to the analysis of the magnetic Barkhausen noise for evaluation of the mechanical stresses present in these materials. The experiments were performed using the Continuous Wavelet Transforms, the Discrete Wavelet Transforms, the Wavelet Packet Transform Wavelet Entropy and the conventional RMS Method. The results obtained from these methods were compared. The results obtained from the use of the Wavelet Packet Transform Entropy Wavelet were more representative than those obtained from the use of the RMS method. In the second part of this study, the experiments were performed in order to verify the use of these methods to separate the materials studied. The experiments were performed in the stress range from 30 MPa to 30 MPa and the results obtained from the RMS Method and the Wavelet Packet Transforms Method Entropy Wavelet were submitted to a statistical analysis that allowed differentiating, with 95% on confidence interval, the samples of the materials studied. The mains conclusions obtained from this study are: the stress range where the Wavelet Packet Transforms - Entropy Wavelet Method presented sensitivity for stress changes in the materials studied was larger than the presented by the RMS Method and the use of this Wavelet Transforms was adequate to differentiate the materials used in this work. The results obtained from the Continuous Wavelet Transforms and the other Discrete Wavelet Transforms did not present relevant information for these applications.

Wang, Yejun. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-105). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osvaldo Olavo Ortiz Solera.pdf: 2099887 bytes, checksum: 99d9914cff8ceaa0e0639af641fb4adc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Umbanda is known for being a genuinely Brazilian religion, but its origin is still controversial and subject to discussion. The richness and diversity of ritualization and understanding of the Sacred has arised the curiosity of scholars and academics. In such a milieu, the scratched signs on the magic of Esoteric Umbanda constitute yet an understudied topic. Thus, this research is based on the scratched signs that are nominated by their followers as Pemba Signal. The comparative study of scratched signs resulted a correlation with the three forming matrices of the Brazilian people: the Indo-European, the Indian and the African. In this study, we noticed that the scratched signs have elements that establish a hierarchy and determine and identify the spiritual entity that is evoked to work in public attendances of Umbanda Esoteric. By using these signals, the followers of Esoteric Umbanda revive them and therefore give continuity to the myths that contain such signs, sometimes Indian, sometimes African, sometimes Indo-European. In tracing such signals, followers / initiated establish the sacred space where such signs and entities will act as well as the collective heritage evoked that make up the structure of theirs consciousness. It may be noted that the Brazilian man is unique because he carries inside himself and in his religiosity the ancestral element of the matrices which constitute his conscience / A umbanda é conhecida por ser uma religião genuinamente brasileira e sua origem ainda é controversa e sujeita a muitas discussões. A riqueza e a diversidade de ritualização e do entendimento do Sagrado despertam a curiosidade de estudiosos e acadêmicos, e os sinais riscados na magia da Umbanda Esotérica configuram tema ainda pouco estudado. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa baseia-se nos sinais riscados e que são denominados por seus adeptos de Sinal de Pemba. O estudo comparativo dos sinais riscados demonstrou uma correlação com as três matrizes formadoras do povo brasileiro: o europeu, o indígena e o africano. Neste estudo, notou-se que os sinais riscados apresentam elementos que estabelecem uma hierarquia, bem como determinam e identificam qual entidade espiritual é evocada para trabalhar nos atendimentos públicos da Umbanda Esotérica. Ao utilizar esses sinais, os adeptos da Umbanda Esotérica reavivam-nos e, por consequência, dão continuidade aos mitos que os abrangem, ora indígena, ora africano, ora europeu. Ao traçar tais sinais, os adeptos/iniciados estabelecem o espaço sagrado em que atuarão, bem como a herança coletiva evocada dessas etnias, que fazem parte da estrutura de sua consciência. Pode-se notar com tudo isso que o homem brasileiro é único, pois carrega sobre si e na sua religiosidade a carga ancestral dessas matrizes formadoras de sua consciência

Este trabalho contém os seguintes tópicos: fundamentos sobre a operação de semáforos e descrição de alguns modelos analíticos de avaliação do desempenho de semáforos isolados e coordenados; considerações sobre simulação do tráfego de veículos e comentários sobre alguns dos principais modelos de simulação desenvolvidos; descrição do simulador de tráfego INTEGRATION; análise dos valores obtidos com o INTEGRATION em alguns casos simples de cruzamentos com semáforos isolados e coordenados, através da comparação com os resultados fornecidos por outros modelos teóricos de avaliação do desempenho de semáforos; e emprego do simulador INTEGRATION na avaliação de algumas alternativas de operação de um trecho de via semaforizado da cidade de Manágua- Nicarágua. Os valores obtidos com o INTEGRATION nos casos simples de cruzamentos com semáforos isolados e coordenados mostram-se próximos dos fornecidos por outros modelos teóricos, bem como consistentes com o comportamento real da operação de veículos em semáforos isolados e coordenados. A análise da situação atual do trecho de via de Manágua analisado mostrou dois pontos importantes: primeiro, o trânsito no local se encontra totalmente congestionado nos horários de pico; segundo, alterações na programação dos semáforos não resolvem o problema, sendo necessário o aumento de uma faixa em cada sentido na via principal. Considerando o aumento das duas faixas, foram gerados seis cenários de operação, numa combinação envolvendo os seguintes aspectos: semáforos isolados ou coordenados, existência de conversão à esquerda ou não e coordenação na via principal num e no outro sentido. Todos esses cenários mais o cenário atual foram avaliados utilizando o simulador INTEGRATION. Os resultados apontam que os melhores cenários são aqueles em que é proibida a conversão à esquerda. Por circunstâncias particulares, a coordenação dos semáforos não apresentou os benefícios que normalmente apresenta. / The following topics are enclosed in this work: fundamentals about traffic signals operation and description of some analytical models of evaluation of isolated and co-ordinated traffic signals performance; considerations about the traffic of vehicles simulation and comments regarding some of the main developed simulation models; description of the traffic simulator INTEGRATION; analysis of the values obtained using INTEGRATION in some simple cases of intersections with isolated traffic signals and coordinated, through the comparison with the supplied results obtained in other theoretical evaluation models of the traffic signals performance; and INTEGRATION simulator application in the evaluation of some operation alternatives of a signalized stretch in the city of Managua-Nicaragua. The values obtained with the INTEGRATION in the simple cases of intersections with isolated and co-ordinated traffic signals are close to the supplied ones by theoretical models, as well as consistent with the real behavior of vehicles operation at isolated and co-ordinated traffic signals. The current situation analysis of the stretch of way of Managua indicated that: the local traffic is totally congested in the peak times; and the alterations in the traffic signals programing do not solve the problem; having the necessity of increasing and additional lane in the main lane. Considering the increase of these two lanes, six scenary of operation were generated, in a combination involving the following aspects: isolated and co-ordinated traffic signals, existence of conversion the left turn or not and co-ordinated traffic signals in the main way in one on the other direction. All these scenes and the current scene had been more evaluated using simulator INTEGRATION. The results point that the best scenes are those where it is forbidden the left turn. For particular circunstances, the co-ordinated traffic signals did not present benefits that normally present.

Cette recherche porte sur l’impact des émotions sur les réponses des pilotes d’avion dans la gestion de situations dynamiques et ambiguës. A l’inverse des théories selon lesquelles les émotions dégradent les performances des pilotes, nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle les processus émotionnels ont une fonction adaptative et vont donc favoriser des réponses appropriées à la situation. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, des pilotes volontaires sont mis en situation de devoir gérer une fuite d’essence sur un simulateur de vol. Nous avons construit un scénario réaliste d’une durée d’une heure. Les pilotes ne sont donc pas confrontés à un problème ponctuel, s’apparentant à une situation de résolution de problèmes, mais doivent traiter l’anomalie de consommation d’essence pendant toute la durée du vol simulé. Ils ont donc la possibilité, en cours du vol, de corriger des choix qu’ils jugent inadaptés. Le relevé des fréquences cardiaques de chaque pilote pendant leur vol nous permet de repérer les épisodes émotionnels. Nous montrons que loin de dégrader les réponses des pilotes, les émotions sont positivement liées à la fois à leur expertise et à leurs performances : les pilotes ayant mis en œuvre les décisions les plus adaptées à la situation sont aussi ceux qui ont ressenti le plus d’émotions lors de la découverte et du traitement de la fuite d’essence. / This research centers on the impact of emotions on a pilot who's dealing with dynamic and/or ambiguous situations. Contrary to theories that state pilots' performances are diminished by emotions, we believe that an emotional process actually has an adaptive function which subsequently helps give appropriate answers to a given situation. To verify this hypothesis, volunteer pilots are confronted with having to deal with a fuel leakage on a flight simulator. We have built a realistic 1h long scenario. The pilots are not faced with a punctual situation, akin to problem solving, but have to treat the fuel consumption anomaly during the whole length of the flight simulation. Consequently they have the possibility, in flight, to recover inappropriate responses. The readings of the pilots' heartbeat allows us to identify the emotional episodes. We show that, far from diminishing the pilots' responses, emotions are linked positively not only to the pilots' expertise, but also their performances: The pilots who have devised the best responses to the situation are also those who've registered the most emotions whilst discovering and treating the fuel leakage.

De nombreux signaux physiques incluant des signaux audio (musique, parole), médicaux (ECG, PCG), de mammifères marins ou d'ondes gravitationnelles peuvent être modélisés comme une superposition d'ondes modulées en amplitude et en fréquence (modes AM-FM), appelés signaux multicomposantes (SMCs). L'analyse temps-fréquence (TF) joue un rôle central pour la caractérisation de tels signaux et, dans ce cadre, diverses méthodes ont été développées au cours de la dernière décennie. Néanmoins, ces méthodes souffrent d'une limitation intrinsèque appelée le principe d'incertitude. Dans ce contexte, la méthode de réallocation (MR) a été développée visant à améliorer les représentations TF (RTFs) données respectivement par la transformée de Fourier à court terme (TFCT) et la transformée en ondelette continue (TOC), en les concentrant autour des lignes de crête correspondant aux fréquences instantanées. Malheureusement, elle ne permet pas de reconstruction des modes, contrairement à sa variante récente connue sous le nom de transformée synchrosqueezée (TSS). Toutefois, de nombreux problèmes associés à cette dernière restent encore à traiter tels que le traitement des fortes modulations en fréquence, la reconstruction des modes d'un SMC à partir de sa TFCT sous-échantillonnée or l'estimation des signatures TF de modes irréguliers et discontinus. Cette thèse traite principalement de tels problèmes afin de construire des nouvelles méthodes TF inversibles plus puissantes et précises pour l'analyse des SMCs.Cette thèse offre six nouvelles contributions précieuses. La première contribution introduit une extension de TSS d'ordre deux appliqué à la TOC ainsi qu'une discussion sur son analyse théorique et sa mise en œuvre pratique. La seconde contribution propose une généralisation des techniques de synchrosqueezing construites sur la TFCT, connue sous le nom de transformée synchrosqueezée d'ordre supérieur (FTSSn), qui permet de mieux traiter une large gamme de SMCs. La troisième contribution propose une nouvelle technique utilisant sur la transformée synchrosqueezée appliquée à la TFCT de second ordre (FTSS2) et une procédure de démodulation, appelée DTSS2, conduisant à une meilleure performance de la reconstruction des modes. La quatrième contribution est celle d'une nouvelle approche permettant la récupération des modes d'un SMC à partir de sa TFCT sous-échantillonnée. La cinquième contribution présente une technique améliorée, appelée calcul de représentation des contours adaptatifs (CRCA), utilisée pour une estimation efficace des signatures TF d'une plus grande classe de SMCs. La dernière contribution est celle d'une analyse conjointe entre l'CRCA et la factorisation matricielle non-négative (FMN) pour un débruitage performant des signaux phonocardiogrammes (PCG). / Many physical signals including audio (music, speech), medical data (ECG, PCG), marine mammals or gravitational-waves can be accurately modeled as a superposition of amplitude and frequency-modulated waves (AM-FM modes), called multicomponent signals (MCSs). Time-frequency (TF) analysis plays a central role in characterizing such signals and in that framework, numerous methods have been proposed over the last decade. However, these methods suffer from an intrinsic limitation known as the uncertainty principle. In this regard, reassignment method (RM) was developed with the purpose of sharpening TF representations (TFRs) given respectively by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) or the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Unfortunately, it did not allow for mode reconstruction, in opposition to its recent variant known as synchrosqueezing transforms (SST). Nevertheless, many critical problems associated with the latter still remain to be addressed such as the weak frequency modulation condition, the mode retrieval of an MCS from its downsampled STFT or the TF signature estimation of irregular and discontinuous signals. This dissertation mainly deals with such problems in order to provide more powerful and accurate invertible TF methods for analyzing MCSs.This dissertation gives six valuable contributions. The first one introduces a second-order extension of wavelet-based SST along with a discussion on its theoretical analysis and practical implementation. The second one puts forward a generalization of existing STFT-based synchrosqueezing techniques known as the high-order STFT-based SST (FSSTn) that enables to better handle a wide range of MCSs. The third one proposes a new technique established on the second-order STFT-based SST (FSST2) and demodulation procedure, called demodulation-FSST2-based technique (DSST2), enabling a better performance of mode reconstruction. The fourth contribution is that of a novel approach allowing for the retrieval of modes of an MCS from its downsampled STFT. The fifth one presents an improved method developed in the reassignment framework, called adaptive contour representation computation (ACRC), for an efficient estimation of TF signatures of a larger class of MCSs. The last contribution is that of a joint analysis of ACRC with non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to enable an effective denoising of phonocardiogram (PCG) signals.

Dans la nature les plantes sont sans cesse soumises à des sollicitations mécaniques qui affectent et modifient leur croissance. Un aspect remarquable de cette réponse est qu’elle n’est pas seulement locale mais non-locale : la flexion d’une tige ou d’une branche inhibe rapidement la croissance loin de la zone sollicitée. Cette observation suggère l'existence d'un signal pouvant se propager à travers toute la plante. Parmi les différentes hypothèses, il a été suggéré que ce signal pouvait être purement mécanique, et provenir d’un couplage hydro/mécanique entre la déformation du tissu et la pression de l’eau contenue dans le système vasculaire de la plante. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre l’origine physique de ce couplage par une approche biomimétique. Pour cela, nous avons développé des branches artificielles micro-fluidiques possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques et hydrauliques similaires à celles d'une branche d'arbre. Nous avons montré que la flexion de ces branches génère une surpression globale non-nulle dans le système, qui varie comme le carré de la déformation longitudinale. Un modèle simple basé sur un mécanisme analogue à l’ovalisation des tubes permet de prédire cette réponse poroélastique non-linéaire et d’identifier le paramètre physique clé pilotant cette réponse en pression : le module de compressibilité de la branche. A la lumière de ces résultats, des expériences sur des branches d'arbre ont ensuite été conduites et des signaux similaires sont obtenus et comparés au modèle théorique. La similitude suggère le caractère générique du mécanisme physique identifié pour la génération de signaux hydraulique dans les plantes. / Plants are constantly subjected to external mechanical loads such as wind or touch and respond to these stimuli by modifying their growth and development. A fascinating feature of this mechanical-induced-growth response is that it is not only local, but also non-local: bending locally a stem or a branch can induce a very rapid modification of the growth far away from the stimulated area, suggesting the existence of a signal that propagates across the whole plant. The nature and origin of this signal is still not understood, but it has been suggested recently that it could be purely mechanical and originate from the coupling between the local deformation of the tissues and the water pressure in the vascular system. The objective of this work is to understand the origin of this hydro/mechanical coupling using a biomimetic approach. Artificial microfluidic branches have been developed, that incorporate the mechanical and hydraulic key features of natural ones. We show that the bending of these branches generates a steady overpressure in the whole system, which varies quadratically with the bending deformation. A simple model based on a mechanism analogue to tube ovalization enables us to predict this non-linear poroelastic response, and identify the key physical parameter at play, namely the elastic bulk modulus of the branch. Further experiments conducted on natural tree branches reveal the same phenomenology. Once rescaled by the model prediction, both the biomimetic and natural branches falls on the same master curve, showing the universality of the identified mechanism for the generation of hydraulic signals in plants.