Cette recherche a pour objet le rapport entre événements marquants et dynamique de (ré)construction de sens à l’échelle de biographies individuelles. Nous nous intéressons aux constructions de sens que les dirigeants des entreprises de l’économie sociale opèrent autour de leur activité et d’eux-mêmes en activité, lorsqu’ils vivent/évoquent des événements qu’ils considèrent comme marquants dans leur vie professionnelle. L’intérêt de cette approche est de contribuer à la réflexion sur les liens entre formation, activité professionnelle et (ré)construction des sujets dans une perspective diachronique. Le travail sur le sens (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011) fait partie de l’activité attendue des dirigeants. Il leur est demandé de devenir des « donneurs de sens ». Cette attente sociale est d’autant plus forte auprès des dirigeants de l’économie sociale que leur culture prône des pratiques économiques respectueuses des valeurs telles que la solidarité, ou la coopération, dans une démarche qui se veut démocratique et in fine émancipatrice pour les êtres humains. Les enjeux de sens sont donc doubles pour ces dirigeants: d’une part ils constituent une matière de leur travail de dirigeants, d’autre part ils leur sont essentiels en tant que membres de la culture de l’économie sociale.Évoquer des événements marquants invite les dirigeants à réfléchir à leur parcours à partir de situations concrètes. Deux hypothèses sont formulées : les événements marquants constitueraient des ruptures dans les processus de construction de sens et ces événements mettraient en jeu des sens collectif liés à l’économie sociale. Le cadre théorique répond à une approche multiréférentielle (Ardoino; Souto). Il fait appel aux apports de la psychologie culturelle (Bruner), de la psychologie narrative (Crossley) et de la formation des adultes (Souto; Barbier) pour approcher les constructions de sens. La sociologie, la psychosociologie, et l’herméneutique (Gadamer) sont sollicitées pour interroger la notion d’événement. Des entretiens non directifs auprès de treize dirigeants ont donné lieu à la production de 39 récits d’expérience personnelle. L’analyse narratologique se centre sur les composantes de chaque récit afin de comprendre la dynamique des (ré)constructions de sens vécus/ évoqués/déclenchés. Les résultats obtenus sont de deux types. D’un point de vue théorique, l’analyse des événements marquants permet de penser la (ré)construction de sens comme une articulation dynamique d’émotions, d’horizons d’attente, de principes d’action, de temporalités différentes, associées à des situations vécues par le dirigeant. Par ailleurs, la structure des récits et leurs thèmes, dévoilent à la fois le caractère collectif des (ré)constructions de sens et les éléments occultés par la culture de l’économie sociale. D’un point de vue de la praxéologie, les caractéristiques des récits portant sur les événements marquants sont susceptibles d’intéresser les formateurs utilisant cette méthode. / The present research work focuses on the relation between significant professional life events and the meaning (re)construction dynamics regarding individual biographies. The attempt here is to understand how CEOs within social economy enterprises, operate meaning (re)constructions in relation to their professional activity and to themselves, when they live/evoke the events they consider significant in their professional lives. The interest of this approach is to discuss the links between lifelong learning, professional activity and (re)construction of individuals with a diachronic perspective. Society expect CEOs to construct meaning (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011). This expectation is all the stronger with the leaders of the social economy, that their culture advocates economic practices respectful of values such as solidarity or cooperation, in a process that is democratic and ultimately emancipatory for individuals. The stakes of meaning are thus double for these leaders: on the one side, it constitutes a matter of their work as leaders; on the other side, it is essential to them as members of social economy culture. To evoke the significant events, invites leaders to elaborate on their professional lives as from real situations. Two hypothesis are discussed here: significant events would constitute ruptures in the dynamics of meaning construction and these events would relay culture meanings. The theoretical frame corresponds to a multi-referential approach (Ardoino; Souto): cultural psychology (Brunner) narrative psychology (Crossely), lifelong learning theories (Souto, Barbier), psycho-sociology and hermeneutics (Gadamer) perspectives are used to explore the notion of event.Non-directive interviews with 13 leaders produced 39 accounts of personal experiences. The narrative analysis center on the components of each account to understand the dynamics of (re)constructions of lived/ evoked/ triggered meaning. The results are of two types: from a theoretical point of view the analysis of significant professional life events conceives them as the dynamic articulation of goal expectations, action principles, temporalities associated to the situations lived by the leaders. Besides, the structure of the narratives and their themes, reveal the collective character of the (re)construction and the elements masked by the social economy culture. From a praxeological point of view, the characteristics of the professional life events accounts may interest trainers who apply this method.

No ano de 2007 foram analisadas representações mentais de alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio, na disciplina de biologia da Escola Estadual Parobé, Porto Alegre, RS. Foi avaliada a influência das figuras do livro didático (LD) no processo de aprendizagem de conceitos biológicos abstratos (bioquímica e biofísica celular), na construção do pensamento complexo e de modelos mentais. São discutidas quais as metodologias adequadas para trabalhar com representações do conhecimento do tipo pictóricas (do LD) e também a relevância do uso de desenhos como ferramenta de pesquisa de modelos mentais, no estudo da biologia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro turmas, divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com a utilização ou não do LD. Os alunos produziram 487 desenhos em tarefas instrucionais; são proposições relacionadas aos conhecimentos prévios (pré-teste), ou aos conceitos desenvolvidos em aula (pós-teste). Nas turmas com o LD, o pós-teste também se relacionou com os conceitos das figuras do LD. Categorias indutivas foram produzidas para avaliar as representações complexas, e as representações e modelos mentais foram analisados de acordo com Greca e Moreira (1996, 2000), Moreira e Lagreca (1998) e Moreira (1994). Foi encontrada uma menor frequência de desenhos que indicavam a construção do pensamento complexo, e de modelos mentais no grupo de alunos com o LD. Estes alunos não desenvolveram uma aprendizagem significativa. / In 2007 mental representations of students in the 1st year of secondary education were analysed, in the subject of biology at the Parobé State School, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS. The influence of the figures in the didactic book (DB) was assessed, in the process of learning abstract biological concepts (biochemistry and cellular biophysics), in the construction of complex thought and of mental models. Discussions involved which are the adequate methodologies for working with knowledge representations of a pictorial kind (from a DB) as well as the relevance of the use of drawing as a research tool for mental models, in the study of biology. The research was carried out in four teams, divided into two groups, according to the use or not of the DB. Students produced 487 drawings in instructional tasks; they are propositions related to former knowledge (pre-test), or to the concepts developed in the classroom (post-test). In the teams with the DB, the post-test also related to the concepts of the figures in the DB. Inductive categories were produced to assess the complex representations, and the representations and mental models were analysed according to Greca and Moreira (1996 - 2000), Moreira and Lagreca (1998) and Moreira (1994). A lower frequency was found of drawings that indicated the construction of complex thought, and of mental models in the group of students with the DB. These students failed to develop significant learning.

Professional bodies represent practitioners who continually seek guidance on industry related problems and challenges. Each professional body adopts values that are aligned to their own field of expertise. The operations of professional bodies are generally similar in many aspects and demands efficacy in order to maintain credibility and relevance. Research has revealed that professional bodies are lacking in efficacy and need to improve so that maximum benefit can be relished by practitioners. This research attempts to develop a framework that can be utilised as a guide by professional bodies so that they can achieve excellence. The aim of the study was to develop a framework that can be used for the formation, practice and management of professional bodies by exploring the views and opinions of a total of 1119 participants from management and members of professional bodies locally. The data was collected from interviews, a focus group discussion and two separate questionnaires, one for professional bodies and the other for practitioners. The data was analysed statistically primarily using factor analysis to determine the significant factors that contributed to the developed framework for professional bodies. The questionnaires espoused questions related to the demographics of the respondents, management, mandate of professional bodies, offerings and benefits, assurance mechanisms, role of members, needs of members and more. The research instrument used the seven point Likert scale for the respondents to rate each question. The questionnaires were posted online for the respondents to participate. The research significant factors for professional bodies and practitioners emanated separately through factor analysis. The factors were then combined resulting in a total of 14 research overall factors that were used to develop a framework for professional bodies. The beneficiaries of this study are primarily professional bodies, practitioners and also SAQA. The framework will also be useful to management in industry since it addresses partnership and collaboration efforts between industry, professional bodies and academia. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-12T17:19:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ANDRÉ CARNEIRO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2014.pdf: 2129969 bytes, checksum: 19715b30880dbcde6347a169b0fdbdec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ANDRÉ CARNEIRO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2014.pdf: 2129969 bytes, checksum: 19715b30880dbcde6347a169b0fdbdec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04 / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o ensino da trigonometria no ensino médio, contemplando as recomendações sobre esse conteúdo encontradas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e uma breve análise desses conteúdos em alguns dos livros recomendados pelo Guia de Livros Didáticos de Matemática - PNLP 2012. Destacando a formação do conceito de radiano; a extensão das razões trigonométricas seno, cosseno e tangente definidas no triângulo retângulo para as funções Trigonométricas de domínio real, além das demonstrações geométricas das fórmulas da adição e da subtração de arcos das funções seno, cosseno e tangente. Apresenta, também, uma sequência didática, com atividades contemplando os conteúdos destacados acima. As atividades foram elaboradas tendo como referência a teoria da aprendizagem significativa e adaptadas ao uso do software GeoGebra. / This work presents a study on the teaching of trigonometry in high school, in accordance with the recommendations about this subject found in National Curriculum Guidelines (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) and a analysis of the content of some of the books recommended by the Mathematics Textbook Guide - PNLP 2012. It highlight the formation of the concept of radian; the extension of trigonometric ratios sine, cosine and tangent defined in the triangle for Trigonometric functions of real field, in addition to the geometrical proofs of the formula of addition and subtraction arches functions sine, cosine and tangent. It also presents a didactic sequence, with activities covering the highlighted contents above. The activities were developed with reference to the meaningful learning theory and adapted to the use of GeoGebra software.

The advent of agile methodologies has brought about an illuminating debate in Software Engineering, particularly with regard to software quality. Some studies have reported that agile methodologies do improve software quality when compared to traditional methodologies; other studies have been inconclusive or contradictory, while others have argued that empirical evidence is limited. This study sought to investigate the correlation between agile methodologies when compared to traditional methodologies for selected software quality parameters. The research design was causal comparative, as well as correlational. The approach was quantitative, using a survey as the data collection method. SPSS was used to conduct descriptive and correlational analysis for 106 responses received. The main findings were that there was a statistically significant relation between traditional methodology use and ease of system testing (p=0.014); a statistically significant relation between traditional methodology use and timeliness (p=0.02); a statistically significant relation between software quality standards used and ease of system testing (p=0.017); a statistically significant relation between active stakeholder participation on projects and ease of system interactivity (p=0.047); and a statistically significant relation between mandatory workshop interactivity (p=0.047); and a statistically significant relation between mandatory workshop attendance or training and ease of system navigation (p=0.031).Claims that agile methodology use leads to improved software quality for selected quality parameters could not be empirically validated. The association between most of the selected software quality criteria in relation to methodology use in general was not apparent. Agile methodologies are suitable in small environments. Scrum was the most widely used agile methodology by far. The popularity and adoption state of XP showed a significantly decreasing trend. Traditional and agile methodologies combined are being used (47%) more than any other methodology. Agile methodology use (28%) surpassed traditional methodology use (19%). A suitable consensus definition for agile methodologies did not emerge from the data collected. The most suitable project life cycle model was evolutionary, incremental and iterative. ‘Other’ methodologies, meaning customised agile or SDLC, are suitable, as the environment becomes increasingly large and complex. Only 13% of organisations surveyed have an agile experience of six years and beyond. Based on these findings and gaps in the literature, implications and recommendations for further research areas are proposed, where the findings and contributions of this study are found to be relevant to practice for application and to academia for further research / College of Engineering, Science and Technology / M. Sc. (Computing)

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma proposta de ensino de Física Térmica contextualizada e integrada à formação técnica para alunos de nível médio do curso Técnico Integrado em Refrigeração e Climatização do Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Venâncio Aires, RS. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com 60 alunos de duas turmas de primeiro ano, durante o segundo semestre de 2011 e, concretizou uma proposta de ementa que buscou construir um currículo integrado entre a formação geral e a técnica, com vistas a uma formação unitária e um ensino potencialmente significativo. Como instrumento motivador e desencadeador do processo de ensino/aprendizagem, utilizou-se um sistema de refrigeração doméstico montado sob a forma de uma bancada didática que, associado a um texto de apoio produzido sob o referencial das teorias da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e da interação social de Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky, guiaram as atividades com os alunos. O produto educacional resultante deste trabalho de conclusão compreende um material didático impresso preparado para a aplicação desta metodologia com alunos, ficando disponível para os demais interessados em utilizar ou adaptar tal material para a sua realidade de ensino. / In this work one presents a proposal of Thermal Physics teaching contextualized and integrated to the technical formation, directed to students of high school from the Integrated Technical Course on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Curso Técnico Integrado em Refrigeração e Climatização) of Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Venâncio Aires, RS. This work was developed with 60 students of two classes of the first year during the second semester of 2011 and it aimed at making true a draft proposal which tries to build an integrated grade, between the general and technical formation, aiming at an unitary formation and a potentially significant teaching. As a motivating and starting instrument of the teaching-learning process one used a domestic refrigeration system, mounted on a teaching table that, associated to a help text, produced based on the theories of significant learning of David Ausubel and the social interaction of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky, guided the activities along with the students. The educational product resulting from this completion work comprehends a printed didactical material prepared to the application of this methodology with the students, being available to anyone who may be interested in using or adapt such material to their teaching reality.

Alguns estudos apontam como fatores do atual estágio do ensino em Moçambique o elevado rácio aluno/professor, a fraca preparação do professor, as precárias condições de trabalho e o desajustamento da estrutura e dos conteúdos do currículo. Contudo, esses fatores não estão isolados, uma vez que as metodologias aplicadas pelos professores em sala de aula também têm sido uma das causas do fraco aproveitamento dos alunos no ensino básico em Moçambique, de acordo com a sondagem feita em 2015 pelo Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (INDE). Para legitimar esse fato, autores como Ausubel (1980, 2003), Moreira (2006) e Sousa (2000) propõem a diversificação de estratégias, bem como a participação ativa e responsável do aluno na sua aprendizagem. Adotando, desse modo, a aprendizagem por descoberta descrita por Sousa (2000) como aquela em que “o conteúdo principal não é dado, mas deve ser “descoberto” pelo aluno antes que possa ser incorporado significativamente na sua estrutura cognitiva”. Nas escolas moçambicanas, tais procedimentos não são visíveis, já que os alunos são sujeitados a uma rotina incômoda, a qual acaba por gerar consequente falta de motivação e conteúdos-chave como escrita e cálculo em sala de aula. Diante de tais fatos, levantou-se a seguinte questão: Que contribuição pode trazer o uso do objeto de aprendizagem N'SAMAT para auxiliar na melhoria do aproveitamento dos alunos da 2a classe do ensino básico na aprendizagem de Aritmética em Moçambique? Como uma das alternativas para tais situações, as teses propõem o uso de objeto de aprendizagem N'SAMAT, em aula, para auxiliar na melhoria do aproveitamento dos alunos da 2a classe do ensino básico na aprendizagem de Aritmética em Moçambique. Em conjunto, propõem-se a adoção de novos recursos, uma vez que por si só as tecnologias não resolvem o respectivo problema. Segundo Moreira (2006) substituir o quadro de giz por quadros coloridos e animadas exposições em PowerPoint dá no mesmo, portanto o que realmente importa é a diversificação das estratégias pedagógicas. Para concretização da tese, foi adotado um plano quase-experimental, associado a uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, em que foi feito um estudo inicial junto aos gestores e professores e a posteriori uma avaliação do experimento com os alunos, na qual foram submetidos a um pré-teste e a um pós-teste. O pré-teste consistiu na resolução de um exame de matemática no primeiro momento, já no segundo momento os alunos tiveram uma intervenção com auxílio do objeto de aprendizagem N´SAMAT e culminou com a resolução do pós-teste. Dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a metodologia aplicada contribuiu de forma significativa para o aproveitamento dos alunos na disciplina de matemática, especificamente, em conteúdos ligados à aritmética. / Some studies point to factors such as the current stage of education in Mozambique, the high pupil / teacher ratio, poor teacher preparation, precarious working conditions and maladjustment of the curriculum structure and contents. But these factors are not isolated, since the methodologies applied by teachers in the classroom have also been one of the causes of low achievement of students in basic education in Mozambique, according to the survey conducted in 2015 by the National Institute for Development Education. To legitimize this fact, authors such as Ausubel (1980, 2003), Moreira (2006) and Sousa (2000) propose the diversification of strategies and the active and responsible participation of students in their learning, adopting learning by discovery described by Sousa as one in which "the main content is not given, but must be" discovered "by the student before it can be incorporated significantly into his cognitive structure." In Mozambican schools, such procedures are not visible, subjecting the student to a daily routine and consequent lack of motivation and key content such as writing and calculating in the classroom. Faced with the facts, the following question was raised: What contribution can the use of the N'SAMAT learning object bring to the achievement of 2nd grade students in Arithmetic learning in Mozambique? As an alternative to such a situation, theses propose the use of the N'SAMAT learning object in class to improve the use of 2nd grade students in Arithmetic learning in Mozambique. Moreira (2006) says that replacing the chalkboard with colorful pictures and animated PowerPoint presentations gives the same. What is important is the diversification of pedagogical strategies. To accomplish this, a quasi-experimental plan was adopted, associated with a quantitative research, where an initial study was carried out among the managers and teachers and the subsequent evaluation of the experiment with the students, in which they were submitted to a pre- test and post-test. The pre-test consisted in the resolution of a math test in the first moment, in the second moment the students had an intervention with the aid of the object of learning NSAMAT and culminated with the resolution of the post-test. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the applied methodology contributes significantly to the students' achievement in mathematics, specifically in content related to arithmetic.

The work deals with personalities that are among the more significant in this field in our country. The aim of the research is to discover and to describe these individuals. Then to show, where and in which organization and association they work, from which position they are known, what have achieved education, what they propagate or hold. Will be presented their published posts and will be summarized their overall work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5066.pdf: 1314748 bytes, checksum: 376754169c30bdccfc36a290ecb42b14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Most students have great difficulty in applying the theory learned in mathematics throughout their academic life. Since the initial series until the final grades of high school, the study of equations, inequations and functions are privileged, with demonstrations of formulas and properties and applications of exercise lists. However, the results of educational assessments at state and national level show that one of the major found student´s difficulties is using the mathematical tools learned throughout their lives, with the aim of resolving everyday problems. Contextualizing the teaching is a way of making significant all the mathematical knowledge and a way of contextualizing is to apply didactic sequences that bring everyday problem situations to the student´s present. The contextualized didatic sequences are strategies that encourage learning in an efficient and meaningful way. / A maioria dos discentes possui grandes dificuldades em aplicar a teoria Matemática aprendida em toda sua vida acadêmica. Desde as séries iniciais até as séries finais do Ensino Médio, os estudos das equações, inequações e funções são privilegiados, com demonstrações de fórmulas, propriedades e aplicações de listas de exercícios. No entanto, resultados de avaliações educacionais em nível estadual e nacional mostram que uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas pelo aluno é utilizar as ferramentas matemáticas aprendidas ao longo de sua vida, com objetivo de resolver situações problemas do cotidiano. Contextualizar o ensino é um dos caminhos de tornar significativo todo o saber matemático e uma das formas de contextualizar é aplicar sequências didáticas que trazem situações problemas cotidianas ao presente do aluno. As sequências didáticas contextualizadas são estratégias que estimulam a aprendizagem de forma eficiente e significativa.

No ano de 2007 foram analisadas representações mentais de alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio, na disciplina de biologia da Escola Estadual Parobé, Porto Alegre, RS. Foi avaliada a influência das figuras do livro didático (LD) no processo de aprendizagem de conceitos biológicos abstratos (bioquímica e biofísica celular), na construção do pensamento complexo e de modelos mentais. São discutidas quais as metodologias adequadas para trabalhar com representações do conhecimento do tipo pictóricas (do LD) e também a relevância do uso de desenhos como ferramenta de pesquisa de modelos mentais, no estudo da biologia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro turmas, divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com a utilização ou não do LD. Os alunos produziram 487 desenhos em tarefas instrucionais; são proposições relacionadas aos conhecimentos prévios (pré-teste), ou aos conceitos desenvolvidos em aula (pós-teste). Nas turmas com o LD, o pós-teste também se relacionou com os conceitos das figuras do LD. Categorias indutivas foram produzidas para avaliar as representações complexas, e as representações e modelos mentais foram analisados de acordo com Greca e Moreira (1996, 2000), Moreira e Lagreca (1998) e Moreira (1994). Foi encontrada uma menor frequência de desenhos que indicavam a construção do pensamento complexo, e de modelos mentais no grupo de alunos com o LD. Estes alunos não desenvolveram uma aprendizagem significativa. / In 2007 mental representations of students in the 1st year of secondary education were analysed, in the subject of biology at the Parobé State School, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS. The influence of the figures in the didactic book (DB) was assessed, in the process of learning abstract biological concepts (biochemistry and cellular biophysics), in the construction of complex thought and of mental models. Discussions involved which are the adequate methodologies for working with knowledge representations of a pictorial kind (from a DB) as well as the relevance of the use of drawing as a research tool for mental models, in the study of biology. The research was carried out in four teams, divided into two groups, according to the use or not of the DB. Students produced 487 drawings in instructional tasks; they are propositions related to former knowledge (pre-test), or to the concepts developed in the classroom (post-test). In the teams with the DB, the post-test also related to the concepts of the figures in the DB. Inductive categories were produced to assess the complex representations, and the representations and mental models were analysed according to Greca and Moreira (1996 - 2000), Moreira and Lagreca (1998) and Moreira (1994). A lower frequency was found of drawings that indicated the construction of complex thought, and of mental models in the group of students with the DB. These students failed to develop significant learning.