In this research I have explored the performance making process of world renowned director Robert Lepage. This exploration informed my own process, creating an original performance called GAIJIN, where my roles included producer / director / designer and co-writer. The practice-led research strategy employed in this research has allowed me to navigate the sometimes slippery slope of connecting various performance discourses with the pragmatics of the performance making process. The reason for this research is my strong interest in the director’s role and my affinity with the practice of Robert Lepage. My observation of the performance making process of Robert Lepage prompted the creation of a conceptual framework informed by Hans-Thies Lehmann’s work Postdramatic Theatre. These theoretical concerns were then further investigated in the creation of my own show. This research process has uncovered a performance making process that foregrounds the working principles of simultaneity and synaesthesia, which together offer a changed conception of the performance text in live performance. Simultaneity is a space of chaotic interaction where many resources are used to build a perpetually evolving performance text. Synaesthesia is the type of navigation required – an engagement consisting of interrelated sense-impressions that uniquely connect the performance makers with the abundance of content and stimulus; they search for poetic connections and harmonious movement between the resources. This engagement relies on intuitive playmaking where the artists must exhibit restraint and reserve to privilege the interaction of resources and observe the emerging performance. This process has the potential to create a performance that is built by referential layers of theatrical signifiers and impressions. This research offers an insight into the practices of Robert Lepage as well as a lens through which to view other unique devising processes. It also offers a performance making language that is worthy of consideration by all performance makers, from directors to performers. The significance of this process is its inherent qualities of innovation produced by all manner of art forms and resources interacting in a unique performance making space.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 IzabelCristinadoNascimento2006.pdf.jpg: 15864 bytes, checksum: 2507cc30f6de026b934f261a57620463 (MD5) IzabelCristinadoNascimento2006.pdf.txt: 64112 bytes, checksum: ced24b4ed408d8a66ea990779714d5e3 (MD5) IzabelCristinadoNascimento2006.pdf: 484084 bytes, checksum: 990cbca4e39161ccc6ef1d8a67d52e02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-16T00:00:00Z / The demographic dynamics has a fundamental importance in the determination of the economic growth in a country. Some empirical works that had estimated the coefficient that associates the level of per capita income of the countries to the tax of demographic growth conclude that it can have opposing signal to the expected one, not significant or very raised in relation to that if it waits in theoretical terms. This dissertation has an a objective to analyze the theories of demographic dynamics and evaluate in which measure it can have simultaneous determination between the product per worker and the population growth. The econometric analysis, on the basis of a panel of 60 countries in the period between 1960 and 2000, indicated that to estimate of more appropriately form the effect of the demographic dynamics on the level of product per worker and on the economic growth it is necessary to consider the econometrical questions of simultaneity and endogeneidade / A dinâmica demográfica possui um papel fundamental na determinação do crescimento econômico de um país. Vários trabalhos empíricos que estimaram o coeficiente que associa o nível de renda per capita dos países à taxa de crescimento demográfico, concluem que ele pode ter sinal oposto ao esperado, não significativos ou muito elevados em relação ao que se espera em termos teóricos. Essa dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as teorias de dinâmica demográfica e avaliar em que medida pode haver determinação simultânea entre o produto por trabalhador e o crescimento populacional. A análise econometrica, com base em um painel de 60 países no período entre 1960 e 2000, indicou que para se estimar de forma mais apropriada o efeito da dinâmica demográfica sobre o nível de produto por trabalhador e sobre o crescimento econômico é necessário ater-se às questões econométricas de simultaneidade e de endogeneidade.

This textual analysis aims to identify and explore liberating, indecent, and anthropological un­derstandings of the sinner in Lutheran interpretations of the doctrine of justification. The un­derlying assumptions and the themes discernible within the works of Martin Luther are exam­ined along with “traditional,” and contemporary radical, queer interpretations of Lutheran jus­tification. The ways in which points of intersection between these interpretations and queer theological critique may contribute toward a more liberating and inclusive understanding of Lutheran justification are discussed. Several perspectives presented by queer theology, are ap­plied to the material under examination. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of queer openings with liberating potential within established, “traditional” Lutheran theology. These openings are further explored by fusing different queer concepts presented in the radical and queer parts of the material. Also, support for the queer emphasis on corporeality, without making essentialist assumptions, can be found in established Lutheran holistic anthropology. The concept of subject positions is in­troduced as a relational, queer, and inclusive alternative, favouring an understanding of the effects of sin and God’s justification respectively as an altering of positions in relation to other beings. To be liberating, theology must consider the whole, holistic body, and include the in­decent “Other.” In relation to justification, this “Other” is understood as the ignored human experience of sin as something which causes the holistic body harm and suffering. This results in a relational understanding of sin where being a sinner means both affecting and being af­fected. The potential of Lutheran theology is thus found in its ability to challenge the normative hegemony, to include the experiences otherwise exiled to the theological periphery, and to make the centre uncomfortable. The effects of physical, mental, and spiritual trauma caused to the body by violence are the same as the Lutheran understanding of sin, as primarily expressed through human unbelief. It is therefore argued that it ought to be included in the definitions of sin and the sinner, and taken into consideration when doctrines of justification and salvation are formulated. This conclusion is supported by the co-alignment of the queer acknowledgement of multiplicity and simulta­neity, with the Lutheran characteristic of bi-duality that is most clearly expressed in the concept of simul iustus et peccator. Thus, the conclusion must be that excluding the effects caused to bodies by sin cannot only be construed as being consciously limiting and oppressive but that it is, in fact, in conflict with the holistic Lutheran anthropology and the historical emphasis within Lutheran theology on simultaneity.

La simulation est un mensonge. Cette notion prend des caractéristiques particulières lorsqu’il s’agit de simuler un contrat. La simulation de contrat est une des plus fascinantes institutions du micro univers des contrats. Elle consiste en une convention par laquelle les co-contractants dissimulent soit une partie soit l’intégralité de leur vrai accord. Ni le législateur français ni le législateur vénézuélien ne se sont préoccupés de définir ce qu’on doit comprendre par simulation de contrat en droit civil. Ce vide n’a été rempli ni par la doctrine, ni par la jurisprudence. Chaque auteur, et presque chaque décision, a sa propre notion de simulation de contrat. Cette situation n’apporte aucune sécurité lorsqu’on veut identifier une opération de cette nature. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes fixés la tâche d’identifier les éléments qui confortent l’opération de simulation de contrat, tant en droit civil français qu’en droit civil vénézuélien. / Simulation is a lie. This notion takes on special characteristics when it comes to simulating a contract. The simulation of contract is one of the most fascinating institutions of the micro-world of contracts. A contract is a simulation when, by mutual agreement of the parties, it does not express their true intent. It is an agreement to hide all or part of the true agreement. Neither French law nor Venezuelan legislators have taken the trouble to define what we should understand by simulation of contract in civil law. This loophole has been filled either by doctrine or case law. Every author and almost all decisions have their own notion of contract simulation. This obviously provides no sure footing when seeking to identify a transaction of this nature. In this work, we have set ourselves the task of identifying the fundamental elements behind simulation of contracts, both in French and Venezuelan civil law.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une série d’études récemment entamées qui cherchent à caractériser les lectes d’apprenants avancés de l’anglais. Nous présentons une analyse de quelques facteurs sémantiques, discursifs et inter-linguistiques qui sous-tendent l’emploi des formes verbales en anglais langue étrangère par des apprenants avancés francophones et catalanophones en milieu guidé. À partir d’un corpus de narrations orales élicitées à partir d’un livre en images, nous examinons la distribution de la morphologie temporo-aspectuelle par rapport à l’aspect sémantique des prédicats (l’hypothèse de l’aspect) et le type d’information temporelle que ces prédicats encodent dans la narration (l’hypothèse du discours). L’emploi de la morphologie verbale est considéré également du point de vue du style rhétorique de l’apprenant, c’est-à-dire des choix systématiques faits dans une tâche communicative spécifique à partir d’un répertoire appris de formes cibles, mais aussi à travers le filtre inconscient du mode de sélection et d’organisation de l’information en langue maternelle. Même si l’anglais, le français et le catalan grammaticalisent des distinctions aspectuelles, ceci ne permet pas aux apprenants étudiés de faire un emploi de la morphologie verbale tout à fait semblable à celui des locuteurs natifs. Des coalitions prototypiques entre la sémantique des prédicats et celle de la forme verbale, qui caractérisent l’emploi de la morphologie verbale aux stades moins avancés, persistent dans l’emploi des prédicats duratifs (a)téliques et débouchent sur un emploi généralisé du progressif en anglais, souvent dans des contextes où la présence de ce marqueur génère une tension avec le type d’information temporelle encodée. Les moyens d’encoder le déroulement dans la langue maternelle des apprenants semble brouiller leurs hypothèses relatives à l’emploi du progressif en discours dans la langue cible. Seul un sous-ensemble d’apprenants très avancés utilise la morphologie verbale d’une façon véritablement libérée du sémantisme de la construction verbale, de façon similaire aux locuteurs natifs. Pour ces apprenants, le progressif acquiert une fonction discursive et sa présence n’est plus systématique dans les contextes où l’information sur le caractère non-borné d’une situation peut être récupérée à partir d’autres éléments, sémantiques ou syntaxiques. Il existe en effet des légères différences entre les productions des apprenants et des locuteurs natifs en ce qui concerne la palette de fonctions discursives que les formes verbales présentent dans la narration. L’analyse du marquage aspectuel d’une relation temporelle spécifique, celle de simultanéité, nous a permis d’identifier quelques traits qui distinguent des stades successifs dans la variété d’apprenants avancés de l’anglais, ainsi que la présence d’une perspective temporelle en anglais langue cible manifestement construite à partir des choix linguistiques transférés de la langue maternelle des apprenants, même très avancés. Notre étude ouvre des pistes de recherche sur l’étanchéité des oppositions grammaticales dans le domaine de la morphologie verbale, sur les coalitions atypiques qui peuvent surgir en discours et la façon dont ces usages périphériques peuvent s’apprendre (et s’enseigner) dans un milieu guidé. Il en résulte aussi que la production orale chez des apprenants avancés se construit à travers le filtre d’une façon de penser le monde qui reste, de façon irréductible, celui de la langue maternelle. / Our dissertation belongs to a recently initiated line of studies seeking to characterise the advanced English L2 variety. We present an integrated analysis of some semantic, discourse and cross-linguistic factors underlying the use of verb forms by advanced French and Catalan learners of English as a foreign language. Using a corpus of oral picture book narratives, we explore the distribution of tense-aspect morphology in relation to the aspectual class of predicates (the Aspect Hypothesis) and the temporal information they encode in narrative discourse (the Discourse Hypothesis). The use of tense-aspect forms is also considered from the perspective of the so called L2 rhetorical style, the systematic linguistic choices learners make in a given communicative task drawing on their learnt repertoire of L2 devices but also on information selection and organisation patterns unconsciously transferred from their L1. While English, Catalan and French grammaticalise aspectual distinctions, this does not ensure a nativelike use of aspectual marking in English L2. Prototypical predicate/form coalitions in learner production were found to remain strong in the use of tense-aspect morphology with durative (a)telic predicates and to lead to an across-the-board reliance on aspectual marking, often in tension with the plot-advancing role of the predicate. The degree of grammaticalisation of the progressive aspect in learners’ L1 seems to interfere with the hypotheses of use concerning the progressive form in English L2. Only a subset of the learners, the most advanced ones, employ tense-aspect forms in a way which is genuinely liberated from the semantic congruence with the predicate, similar to what was observed in English L1. In this case, the progressive has a discourse-specific function and becomes optional when viewpoint information can be retrieved from other elements in the context. Form-function mappings in the domain of tense-aspect morphology remain, nevertheless, more limited or do not match the ones observed in English L1. The analysis of the expression of simultaneity allows us to identify certain proficiency-related traits in the advanced English L2 variety regarding the distribution of the progressive and the non-progressive forms and the use of other linguistic devices, in coalition with tense-aspect morphology. The cross-linguistic comparison with Catalan and French L1 reveals the existence of a subtle L1 temporal perspective in the expression of simultaneity in English L2, even with the most proficient learners. These findings invite to a reflection on the margins of grammaticalised contrasts, where atypical coalitions arise, and how learners can grasp such peripheral uses in an instructional setting. They also indicate that L2 oral production at the advanced stages remains bound to a way of thinking the world which is the legacy of our L1.

[Truncated abstract] As gravitational wave detectors approach sensitivities that will allow observations to become routine, astrophysics lies on the cusp of an exciting new era. Potential sources will include transients such as merging neutron stars and black holes, supernova explosions or the engines that power gamma-ray bursts. This thesis will be devoted to the astrophysical gravitational wave background signal produced by cosmological populations of such transient signals. Particular attention will be devoted to the observation-time dependence imposed on the individual sources that accumulate to produce a gravitational wave background signal. The ultimate aim is to determine what information is encoded in the temporal evolution of such a signal. To lay the foundations for further investigation, the stochastic gravitational wave background signal from neutron star birth throughout the Universe has been calculated. In view of the uncertainties in both the single-source emissions and source rate histories, several models of each are employed. The results show that that the resulting signals are only weakly dependent on the source-rate evolution model and that prominent features in the single-source spectra can be related to the background spectra. In comparison with previous studies, the use of relativistic single-source gravitational wave waveforms rather than Newtonian models and a more slowly evolving source-rate density results in a 1 { 2 order of magnitude reduction in signal. ... A comparison with the more commonly used brightness distribution of events shows that when applying both methods to a data stream containing a background of Gaussian distributed false alarms, the brightness distribution yielded lower standard errors, but was biased by the false alarms. In comparison, a fitting procedure based on the time evolution of events was less prone to errors resulting from false alarms, but as fewer events contributed to the data, had a lower resolution. In further support of the time dependent signature of transient events, an alternative technique is fiapplied to the same source population. In this case, the local rate density is probed by measuring the statistical compatibility of the filtered data against synthetic time dependent data. Although this method is not as compact as the fitting procedure, the rate estimates are compatible. To further investigate how the observation time dependence of transient populations can be used to constrain global parameters, the method is applied to Swift long gamma-ray burst data. By considering a distribution in peak °ux rather than a gravitational wave amplitude, gamma-ray bursts can be considered as a surrogate for resolved gravitational wave transients. For this application a peak °ux{observation time relation is described that takes the form of a power law that is invariant to the luminosity distribution of the sources. Additionally, the method is enhanced by invoking time reversal invariance and the temporal cosmological principle. Results are presented to show that the peak °ux{observation time relation is in good agreement with recent estimates of source parameters. Additionally, to show that the intrinsic time dependence allows the method to be used as a predictive tool, projections are made to determine the upper limits in peak °ux of future gamma-ray burst detections for Swift.

La présente recherche traite des constructions participiales en –ing de l’anglais contemporain. Elle s’appuie sur un corpus de plus de 1700 occurrences de participiales issues de romans et d’articles de journaux, ainsi que sur le British National Corpus et le Corpus of Contemporary American English. Les participiales ont pour caractéristique majeure ne pas expliciter les liens syntaxiques et sémantiques qui les unissent à la proposition dont elles dépendent. Pour expliquer les fondements linguistiques de cette propriété, la recherche établit une typologie détaillée des participiales, étudie les relations qu’elles entretiennent avec leur sujet, ainsi que la nature de l’incidence et de la prédication qui les caractérisent, et détaille les interprétations sémantiques qu’elles peuvent recevoir. Elle montre que la valeur sémantique basique des participiales est la circonstance concomitante, soit un simple lien établi entre deux procès qui forment une unité dans l’esprit de l’énonciateur. Ce sont les traits spécifiques du co- et du contexte qui peuvent modifier cette valeur basique pour déboucher sur l’interprétation finale, adverbiale ou adjectivale, de la participiale. La recherche propose, dans le cadre de la psychosystématique de Gustave Guillaume, des hypothèses susceptibles d’expliquer le comportement syntaxique et sémantique des participiales ; elle montre qu’il est directement lié au sens du participe présent, dont il est postulé que l’incidence est interne et qu’il code la simultanéité et l’imperfectif dans tous ses emplois. / This research deals with –ing participle clauses in contemporary English. It is based on a corpus totalling over 1,700 participle clauses collected from novels and newspaper articles, and it also relies on data from electronic corpora – the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The main characteristic of –ing participle clauses is that they lack an explicit syntactic and semantic link to their superordinate clause: to shed light on the linguistic phenomena accounting for this specificity, the research establishes a detailed typology of –ing clauses, studies their relationship to their subjects, investigates the specific nature of their incidence and predication, and provides a detailed analysis of their semantic indeterminacy. It shows that their basic semantic value is one of attendant circumstance – a mere link between two events or states that form a unit in the speaker’s mind. The characteristics of the co- and context may alter this basic value to give the clause its final (adjectival or adverbial) meaning. The research puts forward hypotheses to account for the syntactic and semantic characteristics of –ing participle clauses within the framework of Gustave Guillaume’s psychosystematic theory: it shows the syntactic and semantic behaviour of –ing clauses can be directly traced back to the meaning of the –ing participle, which, it is hypothesised, has an internal incidence and expresses simultaneity and imperfectivity in all of its uses.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-01T12:16:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Decio da Silva Melo.pdf: 3436754 bytes, checksum: ed292f1abde4a4c0fab847f38c6ab84f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T12:16:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Decio da Silva Melo.pdf: 3436754 bytes, checksum: ed292f1abde4a4c0fab847f38c6ab84f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-03 / The Modern Physics insertion in High School, along with its postulates and theoretical patterns that can’t be practiced or demonstrated, brings additional difficulties to the Physics teaching-learning process. A feasible alternative to minimize the problems consists in carrying out experiments analogue to certain events of the Modern Physics. Another problem consists in the lack of skilled high-school graduated teachers in order to work with the new context. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the construction process of the Relativity of Simultaneity, concept through the use of an experimental apparatus, with students of Physics of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Thus, it was chosen the Personal Construct Theory as a methodological-theoretical purpose, and it was developed an experimental appararatus, involving an electronic circuit to control a LED (light-emitting diode), matrix that permits analogies with a light beam behavior interacting with different obstacles. The results showed that the developed experimental pattern was decisive concerning the promotion of cognitive conflicts, making students review their initial concepts and consequently, reorganize them, considering some aspects as: time, distance, constancy of the light speed and events that happen at the same time, which are essential to the purpose concept comprehension; The Relativity of Simultaneity. / A inserção da Física Moderna no Ensino Médio, com seus postulados e modelos teóricos que não podem ser diretamente vivenciados ou demonstrados, trazem dificuldades adicionais para o ensino-aprendizagem de Física. Uma alternativa viável para minimizar os problemas que daí advêm consiste na utilização de experimentos análogos à certos acontecimentos da Física Moderna. Outro problema consiste na falta de preparação dos professores formados para o Ensino Médio para atuarem no novo contexto. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o processo de construção do conceito de Relatividade da Simultaneidade, através do uso de um aparato experimental, com alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Física da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE. Para tanto, foi escolhida a Teoria dos Construtos Pessoais como pressuposto teórico metodológico, e foi desenvolvido um aparato experimental, envolvendo um circuito eletrônico para controlar uma matriz de LED (Diodo Emissor de Luz), que permitisse analogias com o comportamento de um feixe de luz ao interagir com distintos obstáculos. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo experimental desenvolvido foi determinante no sentido de promover conflitos cognitivos, que levaram os alunos a reverem suas concepções iniciais e, conseqüentemente, reestruturá-las, considerando alguns aspectos, como: tempo, distância, constância da velocidade da luz e eventos que ocorrem ao mesmo tempo, essenciais para a compreensão do conceito proposto; a Relatividade da Simultaneidade.

Cette thèse traite du rapport entre le corps et la voix dans la représentation lyrique actuelle, de même qu’il s’interroge sur son devenir. L’opéra a longtemps été le terrain privilégié de la voix, avec la perception du spectateur basée sur la jouissance vocale au détriment du corps. Mais, suite au renouveau de la mise en scène lyrique contemporaine, l’opéra découvre une expérience perceptive nouvelle, fondée sur la concordance entre le corps et la voix. Cette nouvelle relation corps-Voix n’a jamais été problématisée sous l’angle de la perception. Les opera studies américaines, déconstruisant la dualité voix-corps, pour aboutir à une conception nouvelle du corps, lui permettant d’acquérir son autonomie, en dépit de la dimension mythique accordé à la voix. Nous assistons aujourd’hui à une mutation du langage scénique à l’opéra, celui-ci disloquant le corps et la voix au profit de son démembrement ; je nomme mise en écoute ces nouvelles expériences scéniques. C’est notamment dans les œuvres de Krzysztof Warlikowski et de Christoph Marthaler que ce phénomène est visible. En plaçant les chanteurs dans une frontalité exacerbée, ils utilisent le plateau au profit de pantomimes, représentant des corps silencieux, ceux de personnages fictifs ou faisant partie de l’intrigue. Ces pantomimes agissent sur la perception de l’auditeur, déplaçant l’écoute frontale centrée sur la voix sur celle périphérique des corps muets. A cette stratégie scénique, transférant la perception de l’auditeur sur le corps, répond une autre stratégie qu’est la mise en scène de l’écoute : apparaissent sur le plateau des figures d’écoutes qui, encerclant la voix, la prennent en otage au profit d’une expérience chorale où nous écoutons l’écoute des autres. Ces expériences permettent l’émancipation progressive du corps, son éloquence envahissant alors le plateau. Surgissent alors des sections rajoutées au tronçon de l’œuvre : ces séquences de corporalité pure s’infiltrent dans les fissures de l’œuvre, dilatant le temps musical ou débordant littéralement du cadre formel. / This dissertation is about the relation between body and voice in contemporary opera staging and its future. Opera has been considered as a voice phenomenon, defining the experience of the spectator based on vocal pleasure. After the renewal of the opera staging from the 50s, operagoers discover a new way of perception founded on the concordance between voice and body. American opera studies have deconstructed this body-voice relation, reaching a new conception of the body being independant despite of the mythical aspect of the operatic voice. We are witnessing a change on the operatic stage. This change consists of the division of the body and the voice and I name this reversal of the relation between body and voice the mise en ecoute. This phenomenon is shown in the stage works of Krzysztof Warlikowski and Christoph Marthaler. By putting the singer on the forestage and lessening the distance between the audience and singer, they use the stage for pantomimes, showing silent bodies who are the fictional characters or the real ones belonging to drama. These pantomimes impact on the spectator’s perception, directing his hearing from the voice to the mute body. We also notice another stage strategy which is the staging of the listening of the characters. The attention of these new listeners to the voice creates a new perception in which the spectator listens the hearing of these unusual figures, identifying himself with them. Through these experiences, the body frees itself, and its new voice invades the stage. New silent scenes appear on the stage which add to the operatic structure. These sequences of pure physicality penetrate into every layers of the work, in between the acts or at the beginning of the work, or even at the end, expanding the time of the work or overflowing the formal frame.

El surfing de competición viene evolucionando en los últimos años de manera exponencial debido a la popularidad del deporte a nivel mundial. Eso ha generado cada vez más interés de parte de la sociedad. Gracias a la alta calidad de las olas con las que contamos, hoy en día existe una mayor cantidad de profesionales que se dedican al deporte a nivel nacional e internacional en representación de nuestro país. Actualmente se está impulsando la infraestructura institucional únicamente en Lima, lo que genera un desarrollo centralizado, dándole menor importancia a las olas que se encuentran fuera de la capital que, en la mayoría de los casos, son de mejor calidad. Por ende, el desarrollo descentralizado de la infraestructura llevaría consigo una mejora sustancial en el rendimiento del deportista. La iniciativa del “Centro de Alto Rendimiento de surfing” en el distrito de Lobitos (Piura), actuará como recepción mundial aprovechando el patrimonio natural de las olas de nivel y fomentando la simultaneidad del desarrollo del deporte local y mundial. / The rise in popularity of competitive surfing across the globe has led to an exponential growth and changes to the sport, as well as focus on high quality wave hot spots. Areas like this exist here, in Peru, and are the driving force of young, aspiring surfers ready to represent their country. However, when it comes to the institutional infrastructure, the support is mainly around the capital, Lima. This creates a centralized development that overlooks the waves outside the capital, waves that are not only preferable for most surfers, but a necessity in the attempt to surf competitively. Therefore, the “High Preforming Surfing Center” initiative in Lobitos (Piura) will help take advantage of our natural heritage and help promote the development of a stronger surf culture both globally and domestically. / Tesis