The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between movement competency and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults aged 55 to 75 years. Seventy-eight, male (40) and female (38), subjects completed the study. Their mean (SD) age, height, and mass were 64.9 (5.8) years and 63.6 (4.9) years, 1.8 (.08) m and 1.7 (.07) m, 82.6 (11.8) kg and 70.3 (17.9) kg, for male and female, respectively. Subjects completed several tests in 3 categories: movement competency (Functional Movement ScreenTM [FMS] [all 7 tests], sitting-rising test [SRT]); physical activity level (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]); and health related quality of life [HRQOL] (SF-36v2). A linear regression model was then developed to examine the relationship of a number of variables to quality of life. The strongest relationship to HRQOL was the FMS, with a positive correlation of 0.474 which is highly significant (p < 0.0001). Once the FMS score was accounted for, no other terms in the regression model were significant. The correlation between our two assessments of movement competency, the FMS and SRT was 0.644 which is highly significant (p < 0.0001). Our primary hypothesis was supported that those with better movement competency have a better health related quality of life. Our results suggest further research should be undertaken to see if properly administered individualized corrective therapeutic exercise programs could improve older adults' movement competency and thereby improve their quality of life.

These studies investigated the effect of physical inactivity (prolonged sitting) and physical activity (walking, standing, and moderate intensity exercise) on postprandial plasma triglyceride concentration (PPTG). In the first study, we evaluated the effect of low intensity intermittent walking at ~25% VO₂max (WALK) and energy-matched moderate intensity running at ~65% VO₂max (RUN) on PPTG, compared to a sitting control (SIT). RUN reduced incremental area under the curves for plasma triglyceride concentration (TG AUC[subscript I]), compared to WALK by 17.3% (p = 0.04) and SIT by 27% (p [less than] 0.001). The reduced TG AUC[subscript I] in RUN was accompanied by enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity, compared to WALK and SIT (for both, p [less than] 0.05). Whole body postprandial fat oxidation at rest following a high fat test meal intake was enhanced in RUN by 31% (P [less than] 0.001) and to a lesser extent in WALK by 8.4% (p [less than] 0.005), compared to SIT. In the second study, we evaluated 1) the effect of 2 days of prolonged sitting on PPTG, and 2) the effect of 4 days of SIT on the ability of an acute bout of exercise to reduce PPTG, compared to the same days of active walking and standing with calorically balanced diet (WALK+B). To distinguish the effect of prolonged sitting from the excess calorie effect, we had a sitting condition with calorically balanced diet (SIT+B) in addition to a sitting condition with hypercaloric diet (SIT+H). Following 2 days of respective food and activity control, WALK+B was lower in TG AUC[subscript T] by 21.3% and AUC[subscript I] by 17.4%, compared to SIT+H (for both, p [less than] 0.005). WALK+B was lower than SIT+B for TG AUC[subscript T] by 17.7% (p = 0.165) and AUC[subscript I] by 23.5% (p = 0.145) although statistical significance was not achieved. Remarkably, an acute exercise following 4 days of either SIT+H or SIT+B failed to reduce both TG AUC[subscript T] and AUC[subscript I], compared to SIT+B in HFTT1. The same exercise following 4 days of WALK+B, however, reduced both TG AUC[subscript T] by 29% and TG AUC[subscript I] by 32% in HFTT2, compared to SIT+B in HFTT1 (for both, p [less than] 0.02). Further, both SIT conditions reduced relative whole body fat oxidation in favor of increases in carbohydrate oxidation, compared to WALK+B by more than 40% in both HFTT1 and HFTT2. Taken together, our data suggest that 1) exercise intensity plays an independent role with higher intensity being more effective than lower intensity exercise in reducing PPTG, and 2) prolonged sitting with excess energy intake amplifies PPTG and prolonged sitting impairs the ability of an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise to reduce PPTG. This emphasizes the importance of regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise and reducing sitting time by increasing non-exercise physical activities (i.e., walking and standing) for the favorable postprandial metabolic health from the individual and public health perspectives. / text

Many human traits and diseases have a polygenic architecture, where phenotype is partially determined by variation in many genes. These complex traits or diseases can be highly heritable and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been relatively successful in the identification of associated variants. However, these variants typically do not account for most of the heritability and thus, the genetic architecture remains uncertain.

Nackbesvär är vanligt förekommande vid datorarbete. Stående datorarbete har i visats ha en gynnsam effekt på nackbesvär. Nackflexion kan ge en ökad belastning på nacken. Syftet med studien var att jämföra flexion i nacken vid sittande och stående datorarbete för personer som utför datorarbete under en stor del av dagen i sitt ordinarie arbete. Sammanlagt tio personer, åtta kvinnor och två män, som arbetar på en företagshälsovård deltog i studien. De arbetade med datorarbete i växel, kundservice, sjukvårdsrådgivning eller sjuk och frisktjänst (en tjänst där arbetsgivare får hjälp att hantera sjuk och friskanmälningar, sammanställning av sjukskrivningsstatistik samt med rådgivning till sjukskrivna). Nackflexion mättes vid två tillfällen, två timmar per person, sittande och stående under en timme var. Mätningarna gjordes med triaxiala accelerometrar med placering i pannan, över Thorakalkota I samt på utsidan av låret för att säkerställa positionen.  Den relativa vinkeln mellan Thorakalkota I och pannan utgjorde flexionsvinkeln. Ingen 0-position användes vid beräkningen. Resultat: Jämförelsen av nackflexion mellan sittande och stående datorarbete kunde i den här studien inte påvisa någon skillnad mellan de två positionerna (medelvärde för nackflexion i sittande 29,2°, stående 28,1°, p:0,35) . Resultaten i den här undersökningen stödjer behovet av att undersöka fler variablar än nackflexion för belastning av nacken vid stående och sittande datorarbete till exempel om den spänning i nackmuskulaturen som arbete med armarna kan ge skiljer sig mellan de olika positionerna. / Neck pain is frequent during computer work. Standing during computer work has been shown to have a beneficial effect on neck pain. Flexion of the neck may cause an increased load on the neck. The aim of this study was to compare flexion of the neck while sitting and standing during computer work for people who perform computer work during most of the day in their regular work. Ten individuals, eight women and two men, working in an occupational health service participated in the study. They worked with computer work in customer service, healthcare advice or sickness and recovery service (a service where employers get service to carry out sickness and recovery notifications, statistics of sick leaves, and counseling services to persons on sick leave). Neck flexion was measured on two occasions, during two hours per person each time, sitting and standing for one hour each. The measurement was made with triaxial accelerometers placed on the forehead, on Thoracic segment I, and on the outside of the thigh to verify the positions. The relative angle between Thoracic segment I and the forehead formed the flexion angle. No 0-position was used in the calculations. Results: The comparison of neck flexion between sitting and standing computer work, in this study, did not show any difference between the two positions (averaged neck flexion, sitting 29.2°,  standing 28.1°, p:0.35). The result supports the need for more research to examine the load of the neck during standing and sitting computer work examining more variables than neck flexion, for example, if muscular activity in the neck differs between the two positions during arm work.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Western Australia, 2006.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001. / Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 22, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

This Master Thesis called Sedící muž (Sitting Man) consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. Theoretical part deals with the color from the various points of view from aspects of art and aesthetics, physics and optics and of physiology and psychology. The aim of the Practical part is to make a set of paintings depicting a sitting man by using different painting techniques, and by using the knowledge gained from the theoretical part. The main source of inspiration for the creation of the paintings is selected artists who have dealt with figural motif.

The relationship between the development of sitting postural control and of reaching during infancy has not been addressed in detail. It has recently been shown that trunk control develops starting with the head, then the upper trunk and subsequently the lower/pelvic regions. However, previous studies on infant reaching evaluated infants during supported supine or reclined sitting positions, failing to address the contributions of distinct regions of the trunk to reaching. This dissertation explores the relationship between the progression of trunk control and reaching performance in healthy infants. The effects of stabilizing the upper and lower regions of the trunk were assessed by providing vertical trunk fixation at two levels of support (thoracic and pelvic). Documentation of postural and reaching performance reflected how control of the free regions of the trunk modulated both behaviors. First, kinematic data were collected in infants aged 4-6 months who were grouped according to their sitting ability and extent of trunk control. Second, a longitudinal study was implemented in which kinematic and electromyographic recordings were collected bi-monthly from 2.5-8 months. Results from the cross-sectional study showed that postural stability and reaching kinematics of the two groups were similar when they received support at the thoracic level but differed when the support was limited to the pelvic level. Infants who were able to sit independently outperformed the infants who were unable to sit without help. These data were further expanded with the results obtained from the longitudinal study, showing that during the months prior to independent sitting, infant reaches were impoverished and were associated with a lack of postural stability when provided with pelvic, in comparison to thoracic, support. In addition, infants displayed inefficient muscle patterns in response to the instability. Differences between levels of support were not observed once infants acquired independent sitting. Taken together, these results offer detailed measures of the progression of trunk control and its relation to reaching. This raises important questions regarding whether this more specific approach may create the foundation for evaluating and improving trunk control in atypically developing populations. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:26:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coneglian_ams_me_bauru.pdf: 1568449 bytes, checksum: 87eca891e0ebf11847a204a8fac9f755 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer um estudo dos problemas ergonômicos da posição sentada em um departamento de apoio às agências em bancários, na cidade de Bauru. Devido à evolução do sistema bancário, à centralização do processo administrativo e à utilização da informática, foi constatado que esta população de trabalhadores permanece a maior parte do tempo na posição sentada. A revisão bibliográfica deu definições do sistema bancário e fez uma síntese da história dos bancos e do trabalho bancário no Brasil. Foi feita uma investigação dos problemas ergonômicos, o mobiliário, as recomendações das normas técnicas e o que há de moderno em termos de mobiliário e equipamentos para se trabalhar diante de um computador. A análise da postura sentada foi realizada de forma a relacioná-las aos riscos que os funcionários estão correndo a permanecer nesta postura por longos períodos e de forma inadequada. A metodologia constou da aplicação de um questionário, para obter informações sobre o mobiliário, equipamentos de adaptação, postura adotada na posição sentada e dores (apontadas por meio do diagrama de Corllet e Manenica, 1980). Foram utilizados também registros fotográficos dos postos de trabalho e dos funcionários em suas respectivas atividades laborais na tentativa de identificar inadequações posturais e layout do ambiente. Foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva, pela qual se realizou um estudo de caso em departamento bancário onde foram pesquisados todos os funcionários do local. O estudo de caso permitiu identificar as condições do posto de trabalho, analisar o mobiliário, averiguar a postura adotada e mapear as dores corporais apontadas pelos sujeitos. Os principais resultados mostraram que 81,63% dos entrevistados disseram que o monitor estava na mesma altura dos olhos... / This research had as its objective to assumed by the ergonomic problems caused by the ergonomic problems caused by the sitting position in an agencies support department bank employees, in the city of Bauru - SP. Due to the evolution of the banking system, to the centralization of the administrative process and the use of computer science, it was verified that this population of workers remains stays most of the time sitting. The bibliographical review gave definitions of the banking system and offered made a synthesis of the history of banks and theirs workers in Brazil. It was make an investigation of the ergonomic problems, the furniture, and the recommendations of the technical norms and of update furniture terms and equipments to work before a computer. The analysis of the sitting posture was accomplished to relate them to the risks that the employees are running by staying in this position for long periods and in an inadequate way. The methodology consisted of an application of a questionnaire, to obtain information on the furniture, adaptation equipments, position adopted in the sitting position and pains (pointed through the diagram of Corllet and Manenica, 1980). And there were used photographic registrations of the workstations and of the employees in their respective working activities in the attempt to identify inadequate position and layout of the environment. It was make a descriptive research, it in which a case study in a banking department was performed where all the employees of the place were researched. The case study made it possible to identify the conditions of the workstation, to analyze the furniture, to discover the adopted position and to map the pointed corporal pains for the subjects. The main results showed that 81,63% of the interviewees said that the monitor was at the same height of their eyes... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)

This work investigates the typical denim jean in a sitting position with a focus on serving several possible answers to the question ”are you your legs?”. By exploring both the constructional, preconceptional and expressional possibilities within a pair of jeans, a method of using the waist-line and hem-line as measurement-points is found. The purpose of this study is to investigate the way of wearing jeans in a static seated position. Trough the years mainly the standing body has been used as base to create clothes. Only a few construction- and design-methods has been seen based on a sitting body. By challenging the narrow frame of jeans in both construction and expression, a range of innovative examples are found. Trough keeping and exaggerating the typical jean-details such as stitchings, pockets and flys, the jeans are still recognizable as the typical pair of jeans and the focus on distortion and challenging of a pair of jeans in relation to the sitting body is clear. By using the sitting body as base in both construction and design develpoing the limit is pushed further in questioning what a body is, what it needs and how it could be dressed.