Les troubles anxieux sont les troubles psychologiques les plus prévalents chez les enfants et les adolescents. Les symptômes apparaissent rapidement dans le développement de l’enfant et persistent souvent jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Plusieurs recherches ont été réalisées sur les prédicteurs de l’anxiété. Certaines font ressortir une association entre l’attachement insécurisant et l’anxiété, particulièrement les attachements ambivalent et désorganisé. Depuis quelques années, un nouveau concept est utilisé pour évaluer la relation parent-enfant, la relation d’activation. Cette dernière est complémentaire à la relation d’attachement, car elle considère les dimensions de la discipline et de la stimulation à la prise de risque, alors que l’attachement est basé sur la dimension du réconfort. Plusieurs recherches ont aussi trouvé des associations entre l’anxiété et l’activation. De ce fait, le premier objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer quelle association est plus forte avec l’anxiété entre la relation d’attachement ou la relation d’activation. Le deuxième objectif est de vérifier si le sexe du parent est un modérateur de l’association entre l’anxiété et les deux relations. L'échantillon est composé de 38 parents et de leurs enfants, âgés de 3 à 5 ans. Les instruments de mesure utilisés sont l’échelle d’anxiété/dépression du questionnaire CBCL pour les scores d’anxiété, la situation étrangère pour l’attachement et la situation risquée pour la relation d'activation. Les résultats montrent que la relation d’activation est associée à l’anxiété, alors que ce n’est pas le cas pour la relation d’attachement. De plus, le sexe du parent n’est pas un modérateur des associations entre l’anxiété et les relations. / Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. The symptoms appear quickly in the child's development and often persist into adulthood. Many researches have been conducted on the predictors of anxiety. Several studies show that there is an association between insecure attachment and anxiety, particularly ambivalent and disorganized attachment. In recent years, a new concept has been used to evaluate the parent-child relationship, the activation relationship. This new measure is complementary to the attachment relationship because it considers the dimensions of discipline and stimulation to risk taking, while attachment is based on the dimension of comfort. Several studies have also found associations between anxiety and activation. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to determine which association is stronger with anxiety: attachment or activation. The second objective is to understand if the parent's sex is a moderator of the association between anxiety and the two relationships. The sample is composed of 38 parents and their children, aged 3 to 5 years. The measuring instruments used are the anxiety/depression scale of the CBCL questionnaire for the anxiety scores, the strange situation for attachment and for the activation relationship, the risky situation. The results show that the activation relationship is associated with anxiety, whereas this is not the case for the attachment relationship. In addition, the parent's gender is not a moderator of the associations between anxiety and attachment or activation relationships.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskollärare beskriver sin egen roll vid barns lek i förskolan. De frågeställningar som studien utgår från är: Hur beskriver förskollärare sin egen roll vid barns lek i förskolan och hur anser förskollärare att deras roll vid lek påverkar lekens utformning och barns deltagande? Studien är framskriven i relation till ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv och bygger på en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer har använts i form av enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer med en viss standardisering. I studien ingår fem förskollärare i olika åldrar som är verksamma på olika förskolor i landet. Förskollärarna besitter varierande arbetslivserfarenheter och arbetar med barn i olika åldrar. Resultatet är framskrivet utifrån en tematisk analys. I studiens resultat framkommer det att förskollärarens roll vid barns lek i förskolan är mångfacetterad och kan variera beroende på situation. Vidare visar resultatet att stöttning på olika sätt och att berika leken genom att tillföra material är faktorer som förskollärarna gemensamt beskriver som viktiga i sin roll vid barns lek.

This study is a description of the reactions of adolescents, who had opportunities for independence and growth toward maturity as a result of a crisis situation. Special consideration is given to (a) the variety of heroic and realistic experiences had during the flood; (b) personal and social adjustments in the unique setting of dormitory living (separated from families); and (c) the academic achievements in the emergency learning situation.

The frame-of-reference (FOR) effect refers to the finding that validities for personality measures can be improved by asking respondents to consider how they behave in a particular context (e.g., "at work"). Recently, Lievens, De Corte, and Schollaert (2008) demonstrated that a FOR serves to reduce within-person inconsistencies in responding, which then improves the reliability and validity of personality measures. Despite this important step forward in FOR research, Lievens et al. note that there is still very little known with regard to how respondents complete non-contextualized personality inventories (i.e., inventories where no FOR is provided). The present studies sought to fill this significant gap in the literature by addressing the question: Do people think of themselves in particular situations or contexts when responding to non-contextualized personality inventories and, if so, what are these contexts? In addition, does the use of context vary by the personality dimension being studied? Two studies were conducted in order to fully address these Research Questions. The first of these studies was a qualitative study which examined the number and types of contexts spontaneously generated by test-takers for non-contextualized personality items. Twenty-eight interviews were conducted with college students who held a variety of life roles (e.g., student, employee, parent, spouse). Interview data demonstrated that participants considered themselves in general, at school, at work, with friends, with family, at home, and in other more specific situations (e.g., driving a car) when responding to non-contextualized inventories. Data for Study 2 were collected from 463 college students using a self-report methodology that asked participants to indicate which FORs they were using in responding to the same non-contextualized inventory used in Study 1. Results indicated significant differences in FOR endorsement across factors, such that participants endorsed the highest number of FORs for agreeableness items and the lowest number of FORs for openness to experience items. In addition, there were significant differences in the use of FORs within factors such that, for example, the "With Family" FOR was used most frequently for agreeableness but the "At School" FOR was used most frequently for openness to experience. Finally, results of Study 2 indicated that while the using more FORs in responding may increase error variances, it does not have a substantial impact on the factor structure of the Big 5. The present studies contribute to the literature by being the first to examine the role that situations play in responding to a non-contextualized inventory, and they do so using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, the present studies represent a person-centric approach to the study of I/O psychology in that they focus on the individual experience as the basis for research.

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Control beliefs are widely acknowledged to play a critical role in self-regulation and well-being, but their impact on decisions to approach or avoid emotionally valenced stimuli is not clear. Two contradictory predictions for this impact can be derived from extant theorizing on the functions of control beliefs. On the one hand, control beliefs may provide individuals with the incentive to proactively regulate their emotions and avoid negative situations. On the other hand, control beliefs might help individuals to confidently approach negative situations. The current study examined whether goal orientations help to determine the conditions under which control beliefs promote negativity engagement versus negativity avoidance. Specifically, I experimentally manipulated emotional control beliefs (high versus low) and motivation (emotional goal versus no goal), asked participants to interact with a website containing a variety of stimuli varying in emotional valence, and recorded participants’ choice behavior. I predicted that stronger control beliefs would promote negativity engagement under typical motivational conditions, but would promote negativity avoidance when emotional goals were activated. Results supported these predictions, suggesting that the effect of control beliefs on the decision to approach or avoid negative stimuli depends on the goal activated at the time. Implications for research on control beliefs, emotion regulation, and motivational theories are discussed.

User interfaces for remote robotic manipulation widely lack sufficient support for situation awareness and, consequently, can induce high mental workload. With poor situation awareness, operators may fail to notice task-relevant features in the environment often leading the robot to collide with the environment. With high workload, operators may not perform well over long periods of time and may feel stressed. We present an ecological visualization that improves operator situation awareness. Our user study shows that operators using the ecological interface collided with the environment on average half as many times compared with a typical interface, even with a poorly calibrated 3D sensor; however, users performed more quickly with the typical interface. The primary benefit of the user study is identifying several changes to the design of the user interface; preliminary results indicate that these changes improve the usability of the manipulator.

Helheten är större än summan av delarna – en fallstudie om hur olika faktorer kan påverka samtalsledares upplevelse av sin arbetssituation. Examensarbete i verksamhetsutveckling 30 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för Socionomprogrammet 2013. Denna studie undersöker och belyser hur samtalsledare som driver samtalsgrupper för unga pojkar upplever sin arbetssituation. Därför utgör följande frågeställningar ramen för denna studie: • Hur upplever samtalsledare sin arbetssituation i arbetet med att driva samtalsgrupper för unga pojkar? • Vilka faktorer kan påverka samtalsledarnas upplevelse av sin arbetssituation? För att besvara ovanstående frågeställningar har utformats en fallstudie där intervjuer med samtalsledare som driver samtalsgrupper för unga pojkar genomförts. Studien har genererat resultat som visar på att intervjuade samtalsledare upplever sig ha god förståelse för hur arbetet ska utföras och tillgång till resurser för att hantera olika situationer i arbetet och därför upplever en tillfredställelse med befintliga resurser i organisationen. Dock framgår att samtalsledare vars arbetsroll också innefattar organisatoriskt ansvar upplever behov av ökade ekonomiska resurser för att kunna arbeta med frågor rörande verksamhetsutveckling, metodutveckling och kvalitetssäkring. Vidare framgår att samtalsledarnas upplevelse av sin arbetssituation påverkas av personliga, organisatoriska och samhälleliga faktorer och att interaktionen mellan dessa har stor betydelse för hur samtalsledarna upplever sin arbetssituation. / The whole is greater than the sum of its parts - A case study of how different factors may affect communication leaders experience of his work situation Degree project in business development, 30 ECTS credits Malmö University: Faculty of health and society, Department of Social work program 2013 This study examines and illustrates how discussion leaders operating discussion groups for young boys experience their working situation. The following questions provided the framework for this study: • How do discussion leaders experience their work situation in efforts to run discussion groups for young men? • Which factors can affect the way discussion leaders experience their working situation? To answer the questions above have been designed a case study interviews with moderator who runs discussion groups for young men out. The study has generated results showing that interviewed discussion leaders experience that they have a good understanding of how the work is done and access to resources to cope with different situations at work and therefore experience a satisfaction with existing resources in the organization. However, it appears that discussion leaders whose work also includes organizational responsibility experience an increased need for financial resources in order to be able to work with matters related to business development, method development and quality assurance. Furthermore the study shows that the way discussion leaders experience their work situation is influenced by personal, organizational and societal factors and the interaction between them is of great importance for how discussion leaders experience their work situation.

Virtual environment (VE) technology offers a viable training option for developing knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) within domains that have limited live training opportunities due to personnel safety and cost (e.g., live fire exercises). However, to ensure these VE training systems provide effective training and transfer, designers of such systems must ensure that training goals and objectives are clearly defined and VEs are designed to support development of KSAs required. Perhaps the greatest benefit of VE training is its ability to provide a multimodal training experience, where trainees can see, hear and feel their surrounding environment, thus engaging them in training scenarios to further their expertise. This work focused on enhancing situation awareness (SA) within a training VE through appropriate use of multimodal cues. The Multimodal Optimization of Situation Awareness (MOSA) model was developed to identify theoretical benefits of various environmental and individual multimodal cues on SA components. Specific focus was on benefits associated with adding cues that activated the haptic system (i.e., kinesthetic/cutaneous sensory systems) or vestibular system in a VE. An empirical study was completed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding two independent spatialized tactile cues to a Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) VE training system, and how head tracking (i.e., addition of rotational vestibular cues) impacted spatial awareness and performance when tactile cues were added during training. Results showed tactile cues enhanced spatial awareness and performance during both repeated training and within a transfer environment, yet there were costs associated with including two cues together during training, as each cue focused attention on a different aspect of the global task. In addition, the results suggest that spatial awareness benefits from a single point indicator (i.e., spatialized tactile cues) may be impacted by interaction mode, as performance benefits were seen when tactile cues were paired with head tracking. Future research should further examine theoretical benefits outlined in the MOSA model, and further validate that benefits can be realized through appropriate activation of multimodal cues for targeted training objectives during training, near transfer and far transfer (i.e., real world performance).

Full-body powered exoskeletons for industrial workers have the potential to reduce the incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders while increasing strength beyond human capabilities. However, operating current full-body powered exoskeletons imposes different loading, motion, and balance requirements on users compared to unaided task performance, potentially resulting in additional mental workload on the user which may reduce situation awareness (SA) and increase risk of collision with pedestrians, negating the health and safety benefits of exoskeletons. Exoskeletons could be equipped with visual aids to improve SA, like rearview cameras or radar displays. However, research on design and evaluation of such displays for exoskeleton users are absent in the literature. This empirical study compared several augmented reality (AR) head-up displays (HUDs) in providing SA to minimize pedestrian collisions while completing common warehouse tasks. Specifically, the study consisted of an experimental factor of display abstraction including four levels, from low to high abstraction: rearview camera, overhead radar, ring radar, and no visual aid (as control). The second factor was elevation angle that was analyzed with the overhead and ring radar displays at 15°, 45°, and 90°. A 1x4 repeated measures ANOVA on all four display abstraction levels at 90° revealed that every display condition performed better than the no visual aid condition, the Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that overhead and ring radars (medium and high abstraction respectively) received higher usability ratings than the rearview camera (low abstraction). A 2x3 repeated measures ANOVA on the two radar displays at all three display angles found that the overhead radar yielded better transport time and situation awareness ratings than the ring radar. Further, the two-way ANOVA found that 45° angles yielded the best transport collision times. Thus, AR displays presents promise in augment SA to minimize collision risk to collision and injury in warehouse settings. / Master of Science / Exoskeletons can increase the strength capabilities of industrial workers while reducing the likelihood of injury from heavy lifting and materials handling. However, full-body powered exoskeletons are currently very unwieldy, demanding users to focus their attention on controlling the exoskeleton that may cause a loss awareness of their surroundings. This may increase the likelihood of collisions with pedestrians, presenting a significant safety concern that could negate the benefits of exoskeletons. Rearview cameras and radar displays of nearby pedestrians could improve situation awareness for the exoskeleton user; however, these methods are not well-tested in settings where exoskeletons would be used. This study compared a rearview camera, a conventional radar, and a ring-shaped radar at display angles of 15°, 45°, and 90° using an augmented reality headset and simulated warehouse task to determine the combination of display type and angle that would maximize situation awareness and minimize collisions with pedestrians. The study revealed that all displays performed better than no display support and the latest evidence from this study and the literature suggests that a conventional overhead radar at 45° performed best.