The purpose of this thesis is to assess the extent to which the singular readings of a manuscript reveal the tendencies of the scribe who wrote its text by examining three related Greek manuscripts from the sixth century. The three manuscripts are all luxury copies of the Gospels' purple codices, so named because they are written in silver and gold ink on parchment that has been dyed purple. The manuscripts, Codex Purpureus Petropolitanus (N 022), Codex Sinopensis (O 023) and Codex Rossanensis (Σ 042), were all copied in the sixth century from a common exemplar. Chapter One introduces the three manuscripts. Chapter Two provides a history of research on scribal habits and singular readings, and it describes the method used in this thesis to determine both the validity of the singular readings method and the actual scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042. Chapter Three provides a preliminary assessment of each scribe by comparing scribal features in the passages extant in all three manuscripts. Chapters Four, Five and Six assess the scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042, respectively. In these chapters, perceived scribal habits are measured by a modified singular readings method to replicate the situation for each manuscript if it had no extant close relatives' the situation for most early manuscripts. Actual scribal habits are then determined by the places the scribe changed the text of the exemplar. Chapter Seven offers some concluding thoughts about the scribes, their exemplar and the use of singular readings to determine scribal habits. Appendix One presents for the first time an edition of the reconstructed text of the exemplar of 022, 023 and 042, where at least two of the three manuscripts are extant. Appendices Two, Three and Four are full transcriptions of the Gospel of Matthew in 022, 023 and 042, respectively. Appendix Five provides information on singular readings and corrections in 042 where it alone is extant of the three manuscripts. Appendix Six describes the codicological structures of the three manuscripts. Appendix Seven is a transcription and brief discussion of 080, a fragmentary of a purple codex dating to the sixth century. Finally, both 022 and 042 contain a series of secondary corrections made against a second exemplar, and Appendix Eight argues that the scribe of 042 was responsible for these corrections in both manuscripts.

The purpose of this study was to compare the perception scores and the frequency of parental involvement for parents of students who have most recently completed elementary school (entering 6th grade) with parents of students who have most recently completed middle school (entering 9th grade) in a northeast Tennessee public school district. Data were collected by surveys containing a short demographic section, a perceptions section, and a participation section. The population consisted of the parents of 544 sixth grade students from the district’s 2 middle schools and the parents of 578 ninth grade students from 1 district high school. From that population 115 sixth grade parents and 105 ninth grade parents responded. This study took place at the onset of the school year to address parents as their children were either entering 6th grade in middle school or 9th grade in high school. Findings from the study indicate that there were significant differences between the parents of newly entering 6th graders and the parents of newly entering 9th graders in terms of home-based perception scores and frequency of participation. Specifically, parents of newly entering 6th graders had higher home-based perception scores and frequency of participation than parents of newly entering 9th graders. However, findings indicate that there was not a significant difference between the parent groups in terms of school-based perception scores and frequency of participation. When examined collectively (home-based and school-based combined), no significant differences were noted between the parent groups in terms of perception scores and frequency of participation. For each of these cases, independent samples t tests were used to determine if there were significant differences. Findings from the study also indicate that positive relationships are present between parents’ perception scores and their frequency of participation. This was true for both home-based and school-based involvement at both grade levels. Pearson r tests revealed these relationships. This study was important to help understand the perception scores and frequency of participation for parents of students in the middle school transition. Recommendations are made with the hopes of helping schools better tailor their parental involvement strategies to families they serve.

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν να μελετήσουμε τις εικόνες στα βιβλία των Φυσικών Επιστημών της ΣΤ΄ Δημοτικού που αναφέρονται σε έννοιες Βιολογίας ως ένα κοινωνικο – εποικοδομιστικό εργαλείο μάθησης. Η μελέτη προσανατολίστηκε σε δύο κατευθύνσεις. Αφενός μεν πώς οι εικόνες παρουσιάζονται στα βιβλία έχοντας κοινωνικά προσδιορισμένη λειτουργία (Σημειωτική προσέγγιση) και αφετέρου πώς τις κατανοούν οι μαθητές και αν μπορούν να λειτουργήσουν ως μέσο μάθησης και οικοδόμησης της γνώσης (Εποικοδομιστική προσέγγιση). Αρχικά οι εικόνες σε όλες τις θεματικές ενότητες της βιολογίας ταξινομήθηκαν ανάλογα με το είδος και τη λειτουργία. Στη συνέχεια επιλέχτηκαν κάποιες εικόνες που αφορούσαν το Αναπνευστικό και Κυκλοφορικό Σύστημα του ανθρώπου οι οποίες παρουσιάστηκαν με το συνοδεύον γραπτό κείμενο στους μαθητές για να δούμε πώς τις διαχειρίζονται, αν τις κατανοούν και τι δυσκολίες αντιμετωπίζουν. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι, (α) Οι εικόνες στα βιβλία ανάλογα με το περιεχόμενο (είδος και λειτουργία) είναι ρεαλιστικές παρά συμβατικές έχοντας ένα παιδαγωγικό ρόλο που συνάδει με την ηλικία των μαθητών και (β) οι μαθητές στις επιλεγμένες εικόνες αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα τόσο στη διαχείριση όσο και στην κατανόηση των εικόνων που οφείλονται όχι μόνο στις αδυναμίες που έχουν στην περιοχή της βιολογίας αλλά επιπλέον στην απουσία ικανοτήτων οπτικού γραμματισμού. / The present study aims at analyzing visual images, included in the sixth grade’s Natural Science textbooks, referring in biology concepts as a socio-constructivist learning tool. The analysis took two different approaches; on the one hand, researching how these images are presented in the textbooks while having a social pre-identified function (Semiotics approach) and on the other hand, researching how sixth grade students can understand these images and if they can serve as means of learning and constructing knowledge (Constructivist approach). Initially, the images in all biological topics were classified in relation with their type and function. The research then proceeded by selecting certain images concerning the human Respiratory and Circulatory System, which were presented with accompanying written text to the students in order to determine how they can handle them, if they understand them and what difficulties they face during this process. The results of this research showed that (i) the images in the books depending on their content (type and function) are naturalistic rather than abstract while having a pedagogical function consistent with the age of the students and (ii) the students in selected images encounter problems both in handling and understanding not only due to knowledge deficit in the area of biology but due to the absence of visual literacy skills as well.

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xvi, 120 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Instructional use of the iPod Touch is increasing as evidenced by anecdotal reports of its efficacy as a learning tool. However, research documenting the impact of this technology has been limited. This study was based on the following research questions: (a) Does providing explicit reading comprehension strategy instruction using an iPod Touch increase students' reading comprehension outcomes based on standardized reading tests and multiple-choice probe measures when compared to a No Support comparison group? (b) Does providing different types of electronic text support increase students' reading comprehension outcomes, and if so, which type of support is most effective? (c) Does providing different levels of electronic text support influence students' attitudes toward the use of comprehension strategies as well as using an iPod Touch for this task? Participants included 155 sixth-grade students at a public middle school. Students were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups; (a) Notational Only support (a note-taking sheet), (b) Notational + Instructional support (embedded prompts), and (c) Notational + Instructional + Translational support (audio version of the text and prompts) and received reading comprehension strategy instruction and text support using an iPod Touch. An intact No Support ( N = 61) group that did not receive instruction or text support but read the texts using an iPod Touch was used as a quasi-experimental comparison group. Two standardized reading comprehension measures were employed at pretest and posttest as well as researcher developed probe measures that were used throughout the study. An ANOVA analysis determined that no statistically significant differences existed between the groups at pretest. An ANCOVA with pretest scores as a covariate found no statistically significant differences between groups on the standardized reading comprehension measures. Because of a high level of variation among the probe measure data, including significant missing data, these results were not analyzed statistically and were reported descriptively. Students responded positively to survey questions about using the iPod Touch for summarization strategy instruction and the text supports. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Edward J. Kame'enui, Chair; Dr. Kathleen Scalise; Dr. Louis Moses; Dr. Lynne Anderson-Inman

The problem of this study was to measure, to compare, and to analyze the amount of stress, as indicated by heartbeat rate, experienced by students during teaching-learning activities in sixth-grade mathematics in a regular classroom. The bases for comparison were the heartbeat rates of selected students as recorded by a cardiotachometer and achievement scores on pretests and posttests dealing with verbal problems. All data were analyzed using the t-tests for the significance of the difference between the means. Findings of the study showed that students did experience increased heartbeat rates while solving verbal problems in sixth-grade mathematics. Also, during the teaching-learning activities, students who solved verbal problems using the realistic approach did not experience more stress than students who solved problems using the standard approach. The standard group did not perform significantly better than the realistic group on the standard pretest-posttest. However, students who were involved in the realistic method achieved better on all types of problems than did students who were taught by the standard method.

Este trabalho teve como escopo detectar mecanismos presentes no processo de produção escrita de alunos que chegam ao sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental sem o domínio ortográfico esperado nesse nível de escolaridade, considerando o sexto ano como momento nodal para um apoio fundamentado àqueles que apresentem defasagem. Para tanto, analisa produções de quatro alunos de uma escola pública estadual da capital paulista, com base em postulados da Fonética e da Fonologia, em que são observadas as possíveis relações entre a consciência fonológica do português brasileiro e os processos de escrita. Reflexões da Psicolinguística concorrem para o entendimento de que os erros dos alunos são índices a serem considerados para intervenção didático-pedagógica. Para sintonizar intervenções na escola, postulados da Teoria da Atribuição Causal, voltados para a educação, são propostos com o intuito de compreender a disposição dos alunos diante das dinâmicas de ensino e aprendizagem. Uma sistematização das normas ortográficas do português embasa sugestões de abordagens em sala de aula para superação dos problemas apontados. / This dissertation aims to describe the mechanisms involved when sixth-grade students do not achieve expected levels in orthography. The sixth-grade is considered a critical time to provide appropriate support for those students who are under-achieving. Psycholinguistics have postulated that student errors are indicators of the need for pedagogical didactic intervention. The study analyses the written work of four students from a public school in the State of Sao Paulo, from a Phonetic and Phonologic perspective. A relationship between phonological awareness of Brazilian Portuguese and writing processes was observed. To understand the engagement of students with teaching and learning, the Attribution Theory is suggested in order to adjust school interventions. A system of Portuguese orthographic norms was part of the research, along with suggestions for practical intervention.

As a leading figure of “The Six Generation” directors, Jia Zhangke’s films focus on reality of contemporary Chinese society, and record the lives of people who were left behind after the country’s urbanization process. He depicts a lot of characters who struggle with their lives, and he works to explore one common question throughout all of his films: “where do I belong?” Jia Zhangke uses unique filmmaking techniques in order to emphasize the feelings of people losing their sense of home. In this thesis, I am going to analyze his cinematic style from three perspectives: photography, musical scores and metaphors. In each chapter, I will use one film as the main subject of discussion and reference other films to complement my analysis. / Graduate

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir cómo la mujer amazónica es representada en la televisión peruana desde el contenido audiovisual y la percepción de la audiencia en los programas Reportaje al Perú y Al Sexto Día. En los antecedentes, los estudios se establecen en los siguientes ejes: grupos étnicos y su representación en los medios; sexualización de la mujer en los medios; el indígena en los medios; y la mujer indígena en los medios. Las teorías tratadas en el marco teórico son: representaciones sociales y estereotipos televisivos; mujer y roles de género; y la Amazonía y sus representaciones. El paradigma utilizado es el interpretativo, bajo el enfoque cualitativo. Las técnicas de recolección de datos son el análisis de contenido y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los elementos a analizar son por contraste en ambos casos. En el primer elemento, se analizan 4 reportajes de Al Sexto Día y 4 reportajes de Reportaje Al Perú. En el segundo elemento, se entrevistan a 5 mujeres y 5 hombres amazónicos; y a 5 mujeres y 5 hombres no amazónicos. / The present research aims to describe how the Amazonian woman is represented on Peruvian television from the audiovisual content and the perception of the audience in the programs ‘Reportaje Al Perú’ and ‘Al Sexto Día’. In its background, the studies are established in the following axes: ethnic groups and their representation in the media; sexualization of women in the media; the indigenous in the media; and indigenous women in the media. The theories addressed in the theoretical framework are: social representations and television stereotypes; women and gender roles; and the Amazon and its representations. The paradigm used is the interpretative one, under the qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are content analysis and semi-structured interview. The elements to be analyzed are by contrast in both cases. In the first element, 4 reports from ‘Al Sexto Día’ and 4 reports from ‘Reportaje Al Perú’ are analyzed. In the second element, 5 women and 5 men from the Amazon; and 5 women and 5 men not from the Amazon are interviewed. / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis follows up on the author's bachelor's thesis, in which was proposed the sixth educational area for the Framework Educational Program for Preschool Education entitled The Child and His Spirituality. At present, the concept of children's spirituality is unaccepted and therefore neglected in academic areas in preschool education. However, for several decades, many authors have spoken of children's spirituality as a scientifically substantiated thesis. Therefore, the work deals with concepts of how to grasp children's spiritual education and how it could be practiced in the Czech secular kindergarten. It is shown that the Czech legislation represented by the Education Act is on the side of this education and does not go against it. The essence of spiritual children's capacity and how spirituality is realized and perceived in human life are discussed. One of the essential points of the work also lies in explaining that it is necessary to distinguish religion from spirituality. This distinction is crucial when looking for ways to talk about spirituality. In order to be able to apply spiritual education to current school practice, a philosophical framework is proposed for how spiritual education can be included in the school curriculum for preschool education. Furthermore, the reasons...