Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-14T15:34:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Turchetti_.pdf: 2859140 bytes, checksum: 469b1078e02575fbb5eb68400a58d11b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T15:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Turchetti_.pdf: 2859140 bytes, checksum: 469b1078e02575fbb5eb68400a58d11b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / As redes de cooperação de pequenas e médias empresas vem despertando a atenção do mundo acadêmico nas últimas décadas. Com o intuito de obter soluções coletivas, essas empresas unem-se em busca de resultados que não conseguiriam atingir sozinhas. Esta pesquisa tem como tema as práticas de gestão em redes de cooperação do RS por meio de ações coletivas. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as práticas de gestão utilizadas pelas cinco redes de cooperação melhores classificadas no ranking do grupo GeRedes, dentre as redes participantes do Programa Redes de Cooperação do governo do RS. A importância do tema pesquisado justifica-se pela carência de estudos específicos sobre a gestão de redes de cooperação. As redes de cooperação são entendidas como uma nova forma de organização, dotadas de características que diferem as redes das outras formas de organização, como estratégia, coordenação, liderança, processos e interação. Será usada uma base de dados a partir da qual serão avaliadas as cinco redes melhores classificadas no ranking do grupo GeRedes. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi utilizado o método qualitativo, por se caracterizar como aquele que permite um maior aprofundamento do objeto de estudo. Os resultados da análise comprovaram que as redes utilizam práticas de gestão inovadoras para atingirem seus objetivos. Evidenciou-se que existem várias tipologias de redes, mas que nenhuma rede é igual à outra, mesmo que estejam fundamentadas com os mesmos conceitos, utilizando as mesmas regras de conduta, as mesmas características de coordenação, os mesmos processos e as mesmas ferramentas de interação. / Cooperation networks of small and medium enterprises has aroused the attention of the academic world in recent decades. In order to get collective solutions these companies come together looking for results that they could not achieve alone. This research has as its theme management practices in the RS SME networks through collective action. The main objective of this work is to analyze the management practices used by top five cooperation networks classified in the ranking of GeRedes group among the networks participating in the RS government Program Cooperation Networks. The importance of the topic investigated is justified by the lack of specific studies on the management of cooperation networks. The cooperation networks are seen as a new form of organization endowed with characteristics differing networks of other forms of organization, such as, strategy, coordination, leadership, processes and interaction. A database will be used from which will be evaluated the top five networks classified in the ranking of GeRedes group. To accomplish this work, the qualitative method was used, because it is characterized as one that allows deeper understanding of the subject matter. The analysis results showed that the networks use innovative management practices to achieve their goals. It became evident that there are various types of networks, but that no network is equal to the other, even if they are based on the same concepts, using the same rules of conduct, the same coordination characteristics, the same processes and the same interaction tools.

The exceptional flying characteristics of airborne insects motivates the design of biomimetic wing structures that can exhibit a similar structural dynamic behavior. For this purpose, this investigation describes a method for both manufacturing a biomimetic insect-sized wing using the photolithography technique and analyzing its structural dynamic response. The geometry of a crane fly forewing (family Tipulidae) is acquired using a micro-computed tomography scanner. A computer-aided design model is generated from the measurements of the reconstructed scanned model of the insect wing to design the photomasks of the membrane and the venation network required for the photolithography procedure. A composite material wing is manufactured by patterning the venation network using photoresist SU-8 on a Kapton film for the assembling of the wing. A single material artificial wing is fabricated using the photoresist SU-8 for both the membrane and the network of veins. Experiments are conducted using a modal shaker and a digital image correlation (DIC) system to determine the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the artificial wing from the fast Fourier transform of the displacement response of the wing. The experimental results are compared with those from a finite element (FE) model of the wing. A numerical simulation of the fluid-structure interaction is conducted by coupling the FE model of the artificial wing with a computational fluid dynamics model of the surrounding airflow. From these simulations, the deformation response and the coefficients of drag and lift of the artificial wing are predicted for different freestream velocities and angles of attack. Wind-tunnel experiments are conducted using the DIC system to determine the structural deformation response of the artificial wing under different freestream velocities and angles of attack. The vibration modes are dominated by a bending and torsional deformation response. The deformation along the span of the wing increases nonlinearly from the root of the wing to the tip of the wing with Reynolds number. The aerodynamic performance, defined as the ratio of the coefficient of lift to the coefficient of drag, of the artificial wing increases with Reynolds number and angle of attack up to the critical angle of attack.

In Southeast Asia, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) fail each year; in 2010, SME failure rate exceeded 50%. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that some SME business leaders use to decrease the failure rate of SMEs in Southeast Asia. The target population consisted of 5 SME business leaders in Southeast Asia who demonstrated success in using strategies to decrease the failure rate of SMEs. The conceptual framework for this study was the Ulrich model, which supports the notion that a human resource manager needs to be involved in overall organizational decision making as a strategic partner, administrative assistant, employee champion, and a change agent for business continuity and sustainability. Data collection sources included semistructured interviews and analysis of company documents. Using Yin's 5-step data analysis approach resulted in 3 themes: governance, marketing and branding, and integration of information technology. The governance theme included employee engagement and leadership strategies, which could help business leaders to create an agile work environment and work commitment to decrease business failure. The marketing and branding theme included social media and networking strategies that could promote the brand and enhance company image. The implication for social change is that business continuation could lead to economic development, employment opportunities, and tax revenue for local governments, leading to an improved standard of living and overall prosperity of local communities.

D’après le postulat de Hebb, les circuits neuronaux ajustent et modifient durablement leurs poids synaptiques en fonction des patrons de décharges de part et d’autre de la synapse. La « spike-timing-dependent plasticity » (STDP) est une règle d’apprentissage synaptique hebbienne dépendante de la séquence temporelle précise (de l’ordre de la milliseconde) des activités appariées des neurones pré- et post-synaptiques. Le striatum, le principal noyau d’entrée des ganglions de la base, reçoit des afférences excitatrices provenant du cortex cérébral et du thalamus dont les activités peuvent être concomitantes ou décalées dans le temps. Ainsi, l’encodage temporal des informations corticales et thalamiques via la STDP pourrait être crucial pour l’implication du striatum dans l’apprentissage procédural. Nous avons exploré les plasticités synaptiques cortico- et thalamo-striatales puis leurs interactions à travers le paradigme de la STDP. Les principaux résultats sont :1. Les « spike-timing-dependent plasticity » opposées cortico-striatales et thalamo-striatales induisent des plasticités hétérosynaptiques. Si la très grande majorité des études sont consacrées à la plasticité synaptique cortico-striatale, peu ont exploré les règles de plasticité synaptique aux synapses thalamo-striatale et leurs interactions avec la plasticité cortico-striatale. Nous avons étudié la STDP thalamo-striatale et comment les plasticités synaptiques thalamo- et cortico-striatales interagissent… / According to Hebbian postulate, neural circuits tune their synaptic weights depending on patterned firing of action potential on either side of the synapse. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is an experimental implementation of Hebbian plasticity that relies on the precise order and the millisecond timing of the paired activities in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. The striatum, the primary entrance to basal ganglia, integrates excitatory inputs from both cerebral cortex and thalamus whose activities can be concomitant or delayed. Thus, temporal coding of cortical and thalamic information via STDP paradigm may be crucial for the role of the striatum in procedural learning. Here, we explored cortico-striatal and thalamo-striatal synaptic plasticity and their interplay through STDP paradigm. The main results described here are:1. Opposing spike-timing dependent plasticity at cortical and thalamic inputs drive heterosynaptic plasticity in striatumIf the vast majority of the studies focused on cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity, much less is known about thalamo-striatal plasticity rules and their interplay with cortico-striatal plasticity. Here, we explored thalamo-striatal STDP and how thalamo-striatal and cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity interplay. a) While bidirectional and anti-Hebbian STDP was observed at cortico-striatal synapses, thalamo-striatal exhibited bidirectional and hebbian STDP...

La mobilité est un objet de recherche complexe, en émergence, qui n’est pas dissociable d’un autre objet, tout aussi complexe : la ville. Ces deux objets appellent naturellement une approche interdisciplinaire. Nous avons voulu aborder cette problématique à partir du bus urbain en villes moyennes. L’enjeu principal de cette thèse était d’appréhender la question du bus par les deux bouts de la chaîne : du côté des usages comme du côté des images ; du côté des organisateurs des politiques de transport comme du côté des utilisateurs, que ce soit dans leur pratiques ou leur perception de ce mode de déplacement, ce qui permettait de révéler les consonances ou les dissonances de perceptions/de pratiques qui pouvaient surgir entre ce que les premiers ont imaginé et la manière dont les deuxièmes se l’approprient.La question de la mobilité se pose aussi de manière différente en fonction des cultures nationales et urbaines. Ce qui justifie une approche comparatiste entre une ville de référence (Belfort), d’une part, une ville moyenne proche (Montbéliard), en Franche-Comté, et une ville moyenne très lointaine se situant en Corée du Sud (Changwon), d’autre part. Ces trois villes partagent une identité industrielle commune et sont dotées d’un bus de ville comme unique moyen de transport en commun. La culture urbaine de la France (urbanisme horizontal) et celle de la Corée (urbanisme vertical) ont engendré des solutions de transport urbain différentes et influencé la caractérisation des comportements vis-à-vis du système et des perceptions du service de bus, d’autre part. / Mobility is a subject of complex research, which is inseparable from another complex subject: the city. Both subjects naturally request an interdisciplinary approach that has been engaged in this work. We wanted to study this subject with the city bus system of medium sized cities. The main challenge of this thesis was to understand the issue of the bus by examining the interactions between its uses and its images, between the organizers of transport policies and the users (in their practices or their perceptions of bus travel), which would reveal the consonance or dissonance in perceptions / practices that can appear between what the first imagined and how the second appropriates it.The mobility issue can also be brought up in different ways according to national and urban cultures. We compare our reference city (Belfort) and its neighbor city (Montbéliard) in Franche-Comte, with a far-away medium sized city (Changwon) in South Korea. These three cities share a common industrial identity and have a city bus as their only means of public transportation. The urban culture of France (horizontal structure) and that of Korea (vertical structure) have generated different urban transport systems and influenced the behavior of its use, and also the perceptions of the bus service.

Orientador: Adriano Garcia Chiarello / Resumo: O efeito da redução do habitat natural na biodiversidade é idiossincrática a respeito das relações que se estabelecem entre as espécies e as características das paisagens modificadas pelo homem. Nesse contexto, as evidências científicas evidenciam cada vez mais a importância de se utilizar não somente a escala espacial na interpretação das respostas da biodiversidade, mas também a escala temporal. A correlação dos parâmetros biológicos atuais com características do ambiente pretérito mostra que respostas atrasadas das espécies às modificações podem ocorrer após um distúrbio ambiental, o que como consequência, gera interpretação errôneas da relação das espécies com os ambientes da paisagem no presente, o que vem a comprometer as subsequentes tomadas de decisão de viés conservacionista. A fim de compreender como espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte neotropicais estão respondendo à paisagens de Cerrado que passaram por redução de habitat ao longo de um intervalo temporal de 48 anos, a presente tese objetivou em seus capítulos: (i) caracterizar a trajetória e a transição das classes de cobertura e uso do solo de três paisagens modificadas pelo homem, (ii) Detectar a existência de respostas atrasadas de sete espécies de mamíferos neotropicais de médio e grande porte em relação ao ambiente nativo dessas três paisagens e (iii) detectar a existência de limiares ecológicos nas respostas de seis espécies de mamíferos neotropicais a ambientes nativo e antrópico. As três paisage... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The effect of habitat reduction on biodiversity is idiosyncratic regarding the established relationships among species and the traits of human-modified landscapes. In this manner novel scientific evidences point to the importance of considering not only the spatial scale on the interpretation of species responses, but also the temporal scale. The correlation between biological parameters of the present and environmental traits of the past show that species might present delayed responses after a disturbance event, and as consequence, species responses to current landscape traits may be misleading for conservation purposes and environmental management actions. In order to understand how the neotropical medium and large-sized mammals are responding to human-modified landscapes of Cerrado under a 48-years interval of disturbance, the present dissertation aimed in their three chapters: (i) to describe land use and land cover trajectory and native vegetation transition of three human-modified landscapes, (ii) to detect the existence of time-lagged responses among seven neotropical medium and large-sized mammal species to their the natural environment and (iii) to detect the existence of ecological threshold responses of six neotropical medium and large-sized mammal species to natural and human-modified environments. The three studied landscapes are located in the northeastern region of São Paulo State and harbor important protected remnants of Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest under... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Objetivos: responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: (1) Como gerenciar um projeto de melhoria de processos na Pequena e Média Empresa? (2) Quais são os fatores críticos para a implantação bem-sucedida de um modelo de projeto de melhoria de processos? Fundamentação teórica: Ao analisar a literatura, foi possível mapear três principais características da gestão das Pequenas e Médias Empresas: (1) Planejamento e Controle da Produção deficientes, (2) informalidade na execução dos processos e (3) falta de mensuração de resultados. O modelo de projeto de melhoria de processos proposto neste trabalho parte de um entendimento de que as caraterísticas (2) e (3) explicam (1) em grande medida. Metodologia: Este trabalho utilizou a pesquisa-ação para validar um modelo de projeto de melhoria em Planejamento e Controle da Produção para Pequenas e Médias Empresas. O modelo baseia-se no método DMAIC e utiliza o BPM, um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Resultados e ferramentas da qualidade para formalizar os processos de Planejamento e Controle da Produção e mensurar os seus resultados. Resultados: Esta pesquisa mostra que é possível realizar melhorias nos processos de Planejamento e Controle da Produção de Pequenas e Médias Empresas através da utilização de um modelo de projeto de melhoria estruturado baseado no método DMAIC. Com a utilização do modelo proposto os processos de planejamento e controle puderam ser formalizados e os seus resultados mensurados na empresa estudada. Tanto a formalização de processos quanto a mensuração dos resultados impactaram positivamente os processos de Planejamento e Controle da Produção. A formalização do processo ajudou a disseminar o conhecimento das atividades entre os funcionários da Pequena e Média Empresa e diminuiu consideravelmente a improvisação nos processos. Além disso, a formalização dos processos possibilitou que as áreas envolvidas no gerenciamento dos pedidos da empresa se comunicassem melhor e com isso foi possível identificar uma série de deficiências no processo. Por fim, a mensuração de resultados permitiu identificar problemas que não eram conhecidos pelos agentes do processo da empresa estudada. Contribuições: São duas as contribuições principais desta pesquisa. A primeira contribuição é de origem prática e está relacionada à falta de detalhamento ou até mesmo de um roteiro sobre como implantar um modelo de projeto de melhoria de processos em uma Pequena e Média Empresa. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um passo a passo para conduzir e implantar tal projeto no ambiente da Pequena e Média Empresa. A segunda contribuição é de origem teórica e diz respeito aos fatores que devem ser considerados na condução e implantação de um modelo de projeto de melhoria de processos para que a sua implantação seja bem-sucedida. / Objectives: answer the following research questions: (1) How to manage a process improvement project in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises? (2) Which are the critical factors for the successful implementation of the proposed improvement project model? Theoretical background: In analyzing the literature, it was possible to map three main characteristics of SMEs management: (1) poor Production Planning and Control, (2) informality in the execution of process and (3) lack of measurement of results. The proposed improvement project model in this work starts with an understanding that the characteristics (2) and (3) explain (1) to a great extent. Methodology: This study used the action research to validate an improvement project model of Production Planning and Control in Small and Medium Enterprises. The model is based on the DMAIC method and uses BPM, a Performance Management System and quality tools to formalize the Production Planning and Control processes and measure their results. Results: This research shows that it is possible to carry out improvements in the Production Planning and Control processes of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises through the use of a structured improvement model based on the DMAIC method. With the use of the proposed model, the Production Planning and Control processes could be formalized and their results measured. Both the process formalization and the results measurement positively affected the Production Planning and Control of the company studied. The process formalization helped to disseminate the knowledge of the activities among the employees of the Small and Medium- Sized Enterprise and considerably reduced the need of improvisation in the processes. In addition, the process formalization allowed the different areas of the company to communicate better and with this it was possible to identify a series of problems in the order management process. Finally, the measurement of results allowed us to identify problems that were not known to the process users. Contributions: There are two main contributions in this research. The first, of a practical matter, is related to the lack of a roadmap on how to implement a process improvement model in a Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise. This study provide a step-by-step guide to implement a process improvement project in the Small and Medium-Sized enterprise environment. The second, of a theoretical matter, refers to the factors that must be considered for the successful implementation of an improvement project model.

<p>The use of external providers for the provision of information and communication technology (ICT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is expected to increase. At the end of the 1990s the concept of Application Service Provision (ASP) and Application Service Providers (ASPs) was introduced. This is described as one way for SMEs to provide themselves with software applications. However, it</p><p>can be stated that the concept has not taken off. This study examines what reasons influence the decision-making when deciding to use or not use ASP. The research question is: How do SMEs decide on using an Application Service Provider for the provision and maintenance of ICT? In order to answer the question decision-making processes in SMEs have been investigated in an interpretive case study. This study</p><p>consisted of mainly semi-structured interviews that were done with three different ASPs and customers related to them. It also consisted of a questionnaire to the customers of one of the service providers. The analysis was then made as a withincase analysis, consisting of detailed write-ups for each site. The interviews and a literature survey of the ASP concept and theories that have been used to explain the ASP decision-making process generated seven constructs. From the presented and discussed theories, models and proposed constructs seven propositions were formulated. These propositions were used for the analysis and presentation of the findings in the study. The main conclusion of the study is the disparate view of what affects the adoption or non-adoption of the ASP concept. The service providers express the decision as a wish from the prospective customer to decrease costs and increase the predictability of costs. The customers on the other hand express it as a wish to increase accessibility; the cost perspective is found to be secondary.</p>

<p>Bakgrund</p><p>Från och med den 1:a januari 2005 ska alla börsnoterade bolag inom EU tillämpa IFRS. I de flesta länder råder valfrihet för onoterade bolag att tillämpa IFRS eller nationella redovisningsstandards. Det har dock visat sig att SMEs främst väljer att tillämpa de nationella reglerna, då IFRS anses för omfattande och kostsamma att tillämpa. Mot denna bakgrund tog IASB initiativet till ett förslag om ett införande av internationella enhetliga redovisningsstandards för små- och medelstora företag.</p><p>Syfte</p><p>Denna uppsats avser att undersöka hur redovisningsstandards som idéer sprids, vilka bärarna av idéerna är samt hur idéerna blir starka och uppnår legitimitet. Vidare avses att utreda vilka institutionella faktorer som kan förklara inställningen till införandet av internationella enhetliga redovisningsstandards för SMEs i olika länder.</p><p>Avgränsningar</p><p>Uppsatsen avgränsas till att omfatta länder som tillhör den anglosaxiska och kontinentaleuropeiska redovisningstraditionen samt ingår i EU eller EEA.</p><p>Metod</p><p>Syftet besvaras genom att analysera hur IASB gått tillväga avseende SME-projektet samt genom att tolka de yttranden som inkommit till IASB avseende diskussionsunderlaget ”Preliminary Views on Accounting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities”.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Redovisningsidéer sprids genom idébärare samt genom tolkningsprocessen där de även blir starka och vinner legitimitet. Vilken redovisningstradition ett land tillhör är avgörande för inställningen till IFRS för SMEs. Beskattningssystemet är av stor betydelse, profession och normgivande organ har också inverkan, medan kapitalmarknadsstrukturen i landet är av underordnad betydelse.</p> / <p>Background</p><p>All listed companies within the EU are obligated to apply IFRS in their accounting from January the 1st 2005. In most countries, companies are allowed to choose between applying the IFRS or their national regulations. It has shown that SMEs primarly choose to apply the national rules, since IFRS appears to be to complex and expensive. From this background IASB initiated a proposal regarding an implementation of international accountingstandards for small and medium-sized entities.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>This paper intends to examine how accounting standards as ideas are spread, who the carriers of the idea are and how the ideas become strong and gain legitimacy. Further, the intention is to examine what institutional factors, which can explain the attitude towards the implementation of international accounting standards for SMEs in different countries.</p><p>Demarcation</p><p>This study considers countries that belong to the anglosaxon or continentaleuropean accounting traditions and is a part of the EU or EEA.</p><p>Realization</p><p>The purpose is filled through analyzing IASBs line of action regarding the SME-project and through interpretation of the comments received by IASB, regarding the discussionpaper ”Preliminary Views on Accounting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities”.</p><p>Results</p><p>Accountingideas are spread through bearers of the ideas and by the interpretationprocess, where they get strong and also gains legitimacy. What accountingtradition a country belongs to is crucial in the regards to the attitude towards IFRS for SMEs. Taxsystem is of great importance, profession and standardsetters as well, whereas the structure of the capitalmarket is less important.</p>

Vorliegender Leitfaden ist eines der Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „Open Innovation in Life Sciences“ (OIL), das von Mai 2008 bis April 2011 an der Universität Potsdam durchgeführt wurde. Er nimmt für sich in Anspruch, gerade Innovationsmanager in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) der Pharmaindustrie bei der Einführung des Open Innovation Managements zu unterstützen. Zielsetzung des Forschungsprojekts war es, (1) die Chancen und Risiken von Open Innovation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen von Pharma-KMU zu analysieren und (2) daraus abgeleitet ein Konzept zur Implementierung von Open Innovation bei Pharma-KMU zu entwickeln. Der Ausgangspunkt des Projektes war die Erkenntnis, dass die Life Sciences-Branche im Allgemeinen und die Pharmaindustrie im Besonderen durch eine steigende Komplexität der Innovationsprozesse und eine zunehmende Tendenz zu Kooperationen gekennzeichnet ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet gerade der Open Innovation-Ansatz für die Pharmabranche neue Gestaltungs- und damit Wachstumsmöglichkeiten. Open Innovation – definiert als die planvolle Öffnung der Innovationsprozesse und die strategische Einbindung des Unternehmensumfelds – wird dabei als zentraler Erfolgsfaktor für die Innovationsfähigkeit beschrieben. / The job title of innovation manager is a comparatively new phenomenon in innovation management. The field of responsibility spans the entire innovation process, from fundamental research, development and production, until the market launch. The competencies include technology, product, service and market orientation, and an innovation manager should have skills in both the strategic as well as the operational sphere. They direct the innovation process, cultivate both internal and external contacts and organise the communication of all persons involved. It is self-evident that these tasks – particularly in the pharmaceutical industry with its complex and long-term processes – present a considerable challenge for every innovation manager. With this in view, the following guidelines are directed primarily at innovation managers in medium sized pharmaceutical companies. The guidelines convey the knowledge and tools that enable the development of market and customer oriented products and services in the pharmaceutical industry from the very start. By means of images and descriptions it demonstrates which steps should be followed from idea generation, to project realization, until the market launch. The centerpiece is formed by the division of the innovation process into manageable, clearly defined phases, specifically tailored for the pharmaceutical industry. The guidelines particularly focus on the question of how customers, suppliers, competitors, etc. can be integrated into this process. This approach – termed open innovation in innovation management – when applied as a deliberate strategy, has the potential to reduce the costs of development and to raise the speed of passage of projects.