This thesis deals with the issue of overweight and obesity among children of 2nd elementary schools in Pacov. The author initially focused on findings regarding overweight, obesity and possibilities for prevention. Eventually deals with eating disorders and healthy lifestyle. The aim of the research was to determine the incidence of overweight and obesity in children at primary schools in Pacov. To obtain data applies skinfold calliper technique, skinfold measures, as well as body height and weight (for BMI). Data processed in tables and graphs. Only one pupil (of 112) was demonstrated by the percentage of fat obesity, overweight at 25 pupils (22,3 %).

This thesis is concerned with identifying the percentage of body fat students University of South Bohemia, the field of teaching for the first grade school and then comparing the results with 2005. The research took place in the months from May to October the 2011th. In this period was measured a total of 114 probands, of whom 106 women and 8 men. Measurement of body fat went through anthropometric methods, specifically the methodology used by Pařízková. Skinfold were measured using the brand Somet caliper with an accuracy of 0,2 mm. The resulting values are recorded in tables and graphs. The results show that compared with 2005, there was an increase in percent body fat in a group of men and women.

Yes / Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the explanatory factors, including parental and grandparental birthplace. METHODS: We examined the differences in birth weight and skinfold thickness between 4649 Pakistani and 4055 White British infants born at term in the same UK maternity unit and compared cord leptin in a subgroup of 775 Pakistani and 612 White British infants. RESULTS: Pakistani infants were lighter (adjusted mean difference -234 g 95% CI -258 to -210) and were smaller in both subscapular and triceps skinfold measurements. The differences for subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (mean z-score difference -0.27 95% CI -0.34 to -0.20 and -0.23 95% CI -0.30 to -0.16, respectively) were smaller than the difference in birth weight (mean z-score difference -0.52 95% CI -0.58 to -0.47) and attenuated to the null with adjustment for birth weight (0.03 95% CI -0.03 to 0.09 and -0.01 95% CI -0.08 to 0.05, respectively). Cord leptin concentration (indicator of fat mass) was similar in Pakistani and White British infants without adjustment for birth weight, but with adjustment became 30% higher (95% CI 17% to 44%) among Pakistani infants compared with White British infants. The magnitudes of difference did not differ by generation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being markedly lighter, Pakistani infants had similar skinfold thicknesses and greater total fat mass, as indicated by cord leptin, for a given birth weight than White British infants. Any efforts to reduce ethnic inequalities in birth weight need to consider differences in adiposity and the possibility that increasing birth weight in South Asian infants might inadvertently worsen health by increasing relative adiposity.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico para obesidade através de cirurgias desabsortivas-restritivas, após considerável perda de peso, podem apresentar excessos dermogordurosos nas várias regiões do corpo, freqüentemente associados à dificuldade de higiene pessoal e deambulação, maior incidência de infecções cutâneas, insatisfação com a imagem corporal, piora na auto-estima e nos relacionamentos profissionais e afetivos, além da piora da qualidade de vida. Naqueles pacientes com excessos dermogordurosos em abdome e flancos, e ptose da região glútea, a abdominoplastia circunferencial tem demonstrado ser uma solução cirúrgica eficaz. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações na qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a abdominoplastia circunferencial, nos aspectos afetivo-relacional, profissional, social e orgânico. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis pacientes do sexo feminino, que realizaram abdominoplastia circunferencial entre agosto de 2000 e janeiro de 2005, e eram acompanhadas no ambulatório de Cirurgia Plástica da Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, foram submetidas à entrevistas psicológicas semidirigidas, que consistiram de 31 questões, cujas respostas obtidas foram tabuladas e divididas em categorias. Utilizando-se a Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO), e tendo como princípio norteador o critério adaptativo, as respostas foram classificadas como adequadas, pouco adequadas ou pouquíssimo adequadas. Através de notas atribuídas a cada resposta, foi possível a avaliação quantitativa nos quatro setores de funcionamento (afetivo-relacional, produtividade, sócio-cultural e orgânico) e a classificação diagnóstica das pacientes quanto à adequação. RESULTADOS: No setor afetivo-relacional, dez pacientes (62,5%) apresentaram respostas adequadas e cinco (31,25%), pouco adequadas. No setor produtividade, dez pacientes (62,5%) apresentaram respostas adequadas e quatro (25%), pouco adequadas. No setor sócio-cultural, treze pacientes (81,25%) apresentaram respostas adequadas. No setor orgânico, dez pacientes (62,5%) apresentaram valores máximos em todos os indicadores avaliados. Sete pacientes (43,75%) apresentaram adaptação eficaz e seis (37,5%), ineficaz leve. CONCLUSÕES: As análises, qualitativas e quantitativas, realizadas através da EDAO, concluiram que houve benefício efetivo aos pacientes submetidos a abdominoplastia circunferencial, nos aspectos físico, profissional, social e orgânico. / INTRODUCTION: Morbid obesity patients submitted to surgical treatment through disabsorptive/restrictive procedures, after considerable weight loss, may present skin and fat excess throughout different body regions, frequently associated with restrictions on personal hygiene and deambulation, greater incidence of skin infections, body image dissatisfaction, worsening of self-steem and of professional and affective relationships, besides down grading quality of life in general. On those patients that present skin and fat excess on the abdomen, flanks and gluteal ptosis, the circumferential abdominoplasty has demonstrated to be an effective surgical solution. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the modifications on the quality of life of patients that underwent circumferential abdominoplasty on affective/relational, professional, social and organic aspects. METHODS: Sixteen female patients that underwent circumferential abdominoplasty between August 2000 and January 2005 were followed on the outpatient clinic of the Plastic Surgery Division of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, and were submitted to semi-directed psychological interviews that consisted in 31 questions whose answers were tabulated and separated in categories. One used the Operational Adaptive Diagnostic Scale (OADS) and observing the adaptive patterns as the main criterion, the answers were classified as fairly, poorly and least poorly adequate. Through grades attributed to each answer, it was possible to evaluate quantitatively the four aspects of observation (affective/relational, professional, social and organic) and to establish a classification of the patients relative to their adaptive adequacy. RESULTS: On the aspect affective/relational, ten patients (62.5%) presented fairly adequate answers and five (31.25%) poorly adequate ones. On the productivity aspect, 10 patients (62.5%) presented fairly adequate answers and four (25%) poorly adequate ones. On the social/cultural aspect, 13 patients (81.25%) presented fairly adequate answers. On the organic aspect, 10 patients (62.5%) presented maximum grades in all evaluated criteria. Seven patients (43.75%) presented effective adaptation and six (37.5%) slightly ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitatively and quantitatively analysis made through OADS showed that there was effective benefit to the patients submitted to circumferential abdominoplasty on the physical, professional, social and organic aspects.

Objetivos: Avaliar a composição corporal através da medida das dobras cutâneas (DC) intra e inter observador em mulheres na fase reprodutiva. Estimar a confiabilidade de dois protocolos de medidas de dobras cutâneas com o método Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DEXA). Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 90 mulheres com faixa etária de 18 a 37 anos, com Índice de Massa Corporal entre 18 e <= 39,9 Kg/m². A reprodutibilidade dos métodos foram avaliados pelos coeficientes de correlação de concordância (CCC) e coeficiente de Saint Laurent e pelos limites de concordância e gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: A comparação intra observador foi excelente (CCC = 0,99) para os valores das medidas de DC tricipital, supraíliaca, coxa, soma das dobras e percentual de gordura. O mesmo ocorreu na comparação inter observador (CCC = 0,99). As medidas das DC tricipital foram as que apresentaram maior CCC (0,98), seguido da medida da coxa (0,90), e a medida da DC da suprailíaca foi a menor (0,89). A soma das DC e o percentual de gordura tiveram valores de 0,95. Já os protocolos de medidas de DC comparados entre si e com o padrão ouro DEXA, obtiveram valores de concordância baixa (0,35). Conclusões: Nossos achados mostraram que a comparação intra e inter observador foi satisfatória, contribuindo para a reprodutibilidade das medidas de DC. Os protocolos de avaliação das DC não tiveram concordância quando comparados com a DEXA / Objectives: Assessing body composition by measuring the intra and inter observer skin folds in women in the reproductive phase and estimate the reliability of two protocols skinfold measures with radiographic absorptiometry method of dual energy absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: The sample consisted of 170 women aged 18-37 years with body mass index between 18 and <= 39.9 kg / m². The reproducibility of methods and skinfold thickness were evaluated by the coefficient of concordance correlation (CCC) and coefficient of Saint Laurent and the limits of agreement and Bland-Altman. Results: Comparison intra observer was excellent with the same values of the CCC (0.99) for the measurements of skinfold thickness of the triceps, suprailiac, thigh and fat percentage. The same occurred in the comparison inter observer (CCC = 0.99). The measures of skinfold thickness of the triceps showed the greatest CCC (0.98), followed by thigh (0.90), and the suprailiac was the lowest (0.89). The sum of the measurements of skinfold thickness and the percentage of fat had CCC values of 0.95. Already the reliability of two protocols skinfold thickness measures compared with the gold standard DEXA method was low (CCC = 0.35). Conclusions: Our findings showed that compared intra and inter observer was satisfactory, contributing to the reproducibility of skin folds. Assessment protocols skinfold did not have agreement when compared with DEXA

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 325-341). / xxvii, 341 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Skin and fleece measurements were recorded at different ages for both male and female sheep from the Turretfield Merino Resource Flock and used to estimate the heritability of each trait and the phenotypic and genetic correlations among and between the skin and fleece traits. Generally, the heritability of each trait was high, which indicates that both the fleece and skin traits should respond well to selection. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 2001

Le travail réalisé durant cette thèse a eu pour objectif de développer un modèle théorique spécifiquement dédié au contexte du développement tumoral tel qu'il peut être observé sous une fenêtre dorsale implantée sur une souris. Le modèle développé est un modèle hybride multi-physique et multi-échelle qui couple deux modules principaux. Le premier module modélise la croissance tumorale par un automate cellulaire qui permet de différencier l'état de chaque cellule en fonction de son histoire (cycle cellulaire), et de son environnement (espace disponible pour proliférer, présence d'oxygène). Le second module modélise le réseau vasculaire et le flux sanguin et rend compte de l'angiogenèse (apparition de nouveaux vaisseaux) et de l'adaptation du diamètre des vaisseaux, en fonction de l'évolution des contraintes hémodynamiques, nettement visible sous la fenêtre dorsale. L'ensemble des processus diffusifs (diffusion de l'oxygène et des facteurs de croissance vasculaire) sont décrits par des équations aux dérivées partielles, couplées à des automates cellulaires qui permettent de localiser à chaque instant pour chaque équation les termes sources (production) et les termes puits (consommation) pour chaque entité diffusive. Les simulations numériques réalisées montrent dans quelle mesure il est possible de rendre compte des observations expérimentales sur le plan qualitatif, qui nécessite la neutralisation des biais numériques ; et sur le plan quantitatif, pour reproduire la cinétique de croissance tumorale et l'évolution de la densité vasculaire. Le modèle numérique de l'évolution tumorale sous fenêtre dorsale est ensuite utilisé pour tester les effets de deux types de molécules : cytotoxiques et anti-vasculaires. Les simulations numériques de ces deux types de traitement explorent différents protocoles, définis par le mode d'action de la molécule, la dose administrée et la fréquence d'administration. Les résultats montrent comment il est alors possible de définir un protocole optimum pour une tumeur donnée en direction d'une individualisation de la thérapie. Ce modèle intégré a permis de poser de façon satisfaisante les bases d'un clone numérique du modèle expérimental d'évolution tumorale sous fenêtre dorsale même si certains aspects nécessitent encore quelques améliorations. La validation des aspects thérapeutiques restera encore à accomplir avant de pouvoir envisager à terme le remplacement (au moins partiel) de l'animal par l'ordinateur. / The work realised during this thesis had for objective to develop a theoretical model dedicated to the context of tumour development as observed on a dorsal skinfold chamber on a mouse. The model developed is hybrid, multi-physic and multi-scale, and associate two main modules. The first module model tumour growth with a cellular automaton which permit to differentiate the state of each cell regarding its history (cell cycle), its environment (available space to proliferate, oxygen availability). The second module model vascular network and blood flow, and accounts for angiogenesis (apparition of new vessels) and diameter adaptation of vessels, regarding hemodynamical constraints evolution which is distinctly visible on dorsal chamber. The diffusive processes (oxygen diffusion and vascular growth factors) are described by partiel differential equations, coupled with cellular automata which permit to localize at each time for each equation the source terms (production) and the well terms (consumption) for each diffusive entity. The numerical simulations realised show in which regard it is possible to accounts for the experimental observations on the qualitative basis, which require numerical bias neutralisation; and on the quantitative basis, to reproduce tumour growth kinetic and evolution of vascular density. The numerical model of tumour evolution on dorsal chamber is then used to test the effects of two types of molecules: cytotoxic and anti-vascular. Numerical simulation of these two types of treatment explore different protocols, defined by the action mode of the molecule, the dose administrated, and the administration frequency. Results show how it is possible to define an optimum protocol for a given tumour in direction of therapy individualisation. This integrated model has permitted to put in place in a satisfactory way the bases of a numerical clone of the experimental model of tumour growth on dorsal chamber, even if several aspects still necessitate some improvements. The validation of these theoretical aspects has yet to be accomplished before considering in term the replacement (at least partiallly) of animals by computers.

In my thesis I am studying and analyzing a long time monitoring of physical growth of children from 6 to 15 years. There were selected children of both genders from the whole database monitoring children and there is noticed physical growth into individual growth curves. The evaluation of individuals was about these physical parameters: body height, body weight, Body Mass Index, abdominal circumference, gluteal circumference and subscapular skinfold.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-31T15:21:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertaçao Isabele Góes Nobre (1).pdf: 1399652 bytes, checksum: 5fc0dc11dec680183355feff43c22a5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T15:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertaçao Isabele Góes Nobre (1).pdf: 1399652 bytes, checksum: 5fc0dc11dec680183355feff43c22a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: a) analisar estudos que consideram os efeitos do baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) em crianças e sua relação com a antropometria e composição corporal durante o crescimento; b) descrever variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal e metabolismo energético de acordo com o peso ao nascer; c) verificar a associação entre peso ao nascer, taxa metabólica de repouso (RMR) e gasto energético diário (DEE) com variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal; d) estabelecer um modelo preditivo para RMR e DEE considerando a influência da antropometria, composição corporal e peso ao nascer em crianças de 7 a 10 anos de idade. Foram avaliadas 464 crianças (241 meninos e 223 meninas) nascidos em Vitória de Santo Antão (Nordeste do Brasil). Variáveis utilizadas: Antropometria (peso, altura, altura do assento, cintura, quadril, braço, perna e perímetro cefálico), composição corporal (dobras cutâneas, área muscular do braço e percentual de gordura corporal [% BF]), RMR e DEE. A noção de que o BPN pode promover um rearranjo no metabolismo energético é plausível. Há uma associação positiva entre o BPN e a redução do peso corporal, estatura, massa livre de gordura e um aumento da massa de gordura. Crianças de 8-10 anos com BPN apresentaram valores médios elevados para a maioria das variáveis quando comparado com crianças de 7 anos de idade, enquanto que para as com BPN, as diferenças estavam entre todas as idades analisadas. O peso ao nascer foi positivamente correlacionado com a circunferência da cabeça (8-10 anos), RMR, DEE, altura e %BF (9-10 anos). Todas as variáveis antropométricos e de composição corporal foram fortemente correlacionadas com RMR e DEE. A partir do modelo de regressão, a altura, circunferência do quadril, % BF, dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular foram preditores significativos para RMR e DEE, independentemente da idade. Preditores relevantes da RMR e DEE foram dobra cutânea bicipital aos 8 anos, circunferência da perna aos 9-10 anos, e prega cutânea supra-ilíaca em ambas as idades. O principal determinante da RMR e DEE foi % BF. Crianças com BPN apresentaram um déficit no ganho de medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal em todas as idades. Para o metabolismo energético, a variação na estrutura do corpo das crianças pode ser relacionada com a reestruturação do componente de gordura, uma vez que as diferenças observadas entre as idades estão ligados aos seus indicadores. / The goals of the present study were: a) To analyze studies that consider the effects of low birth weight children and the relationship with anthropometry and body composition during growth; b) To describe anthropometric and body composition variables and energy metabolism according to birth weight; c) to verify the association between birth weight, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and daily energy expenditure (DEE) with anthropometry and body composition variables; d) To stablish a predictive model for RMR and daily energy expenditure (DEE) considering the influence of anthropometry, body composition and birth weight in children at 7 to 10 years old. It was evaluated 464 children (241 boys and 223 girls) born in Vitoria de Santo Antão (Northeast of Brazil). Anthropometry (weight, height, sitting height, waist, hip, arm, leg and head circumferences), body composition (skinfold thickness, arm muscle area and body fat percentage [%BF]), RMR and DEE were evaluated. The notion that the low birth weight can promote an rearrangement in energy metabolism is plausible. There is a positive association between LBW and reduced body weight, body height, fat-free mass and an increase in fat mass. LBW children from 8 to 10y old showed high mean values for the most variables when compared to 7 y old, while for NBW children, the differences were among all ages analyzed. The birth weight was positively correlated with head circumference (8-10y old), RMR, DEE, sitting height and %BF (9-10y old). All anthropometric and body composition variables were strongly positively correlated with RMR and DEE. From the regression model, height, hip circumference, %BF, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were significant predictors for RMR and DEE regardless age. Relevant predictors of RMR and DEE were bicipital skinfold at age 8y, leg circumference at 9-10y, and suprailiac skinfold in both ages. The major determinant of RMR and DEE was %BF. LBW children showed a deficit in gain of anthropometric and body composition measurements throughout age. For the energy metabolism, variation in body structure of children can be related to restructuring of the fat component, since the differences observed between ages are attached to their predictors.

Objetivos: Avaliar a composição corporal através da medida das dobras cutâneas (DC) intra e inter observador em mulheres na fase reprodutiva. Estimar a confiabilidade de dois protocolos de medidas de dobras cutâneas com o método Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DEXA). Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 90 mulheres com faixa etária de 18 a 37 anos, com Índice de Massa Corporal entre 18 e <= 39,9 Kg/m². A reprodutibilidade dos métodos foram avaliados pelos coeficientes de correlação de concordância (CCC) e coeficiente de Saint Laurent e pelos limites de concordância e gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: A comparação intra observador foi excelente (CCC = 0,99) para os valores das medidas de DC tricipital, supraíliaca, coxa, soma das dobras e percentual de gordura. O mesmo ocorreu na comparação inter observador (CCC = 0,99). As medidas das DC tricipital foram as que apresentaram maior CCC (0,98), seguido da medida da coxa (0,90), e a medida da DC da suprailíaca foi a menor (0,89). A soma das DC e o percentual de gordura tiveram valores de 0,95. Já os protocolos de medidas de DC comparados entre si e com o padrão ouro DEXA, obtiveram valores de concordância baixa (0,35). Conclusões: Nossos achados mostraram que a comparação intra e inter observador foi satisfatória, contribuindo para a reprodutibilidade das medidas de DC. Os protocolos de avaliação das DC não tiveram concordância quando comparados com a DEXA / Objectives: Assessing body composition by measuring the intra and inter observer skin folds in women in the reproductive phase and estimate the reliability of two protocols skinfold measures with radiographic absorptiometry method of dual energy absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: The sample consisted of 170 women aged 18-37 years with body mass index between 18 and <= 39.9 kg / m². The reproducibility of methods and skinfold thickness were evaluated by the coefficient of concordance correlation (CCC) and coefficient of Saint Laurent and the limits of agreement and Bland-Altman. Results: Comparison intra observer was excellent with the same values of the CCC (0.99) for the measurements of skinfold thickness of the triceps, suprailiac, thigh and fat percentage. The same occurred in the comparison inter observer (CCC = 0.99). The measures of skinfold thickness of the triceps showed the greatest CCC (0.98), followed by thigh (0.90), and the suprailiac was the lowest (0.89). The sum of the measurements of skinfold thickness and the percentage of fat had CCC values of 0.95. Already the reliability of two protocols skinfold thickness measures compared with the gold standard DEXA method was low (CCC = 0.35). Conclusions: Our findings showed that compared intra and inter observer was satisfactory, contributing to the reproducibility of skin folds. Assessment protocols skinfold did not have agreement when compared with DEXA