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This study has been inspired by the political events in the past few years that signalled a general decline, instead of consolidation, of democracy in South Africa. The decline has caused a rising trust deficit between the government and the citizens of South Africa. These events have raised questions of the role of the media in the consolidation of democracy. Katrin Voltmer's pioneering work, The Media in Transitional Democracies (2013) shines an important light in delineating the role of the media in transitions, including democratic consolidation. Much of the focus of scholastic research in the subject of media and democracy has been on news and journalistic content. Jurgen Habermas' seminal work, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1989) also accorded more weight to the rational and cognitive, as opposed to the affective and emotive aspects of the media when arguing in favour of emancipatory potential of the public sphere. The rational and cognitive aspects are generally associated with news and journalistic content (McGuigan, 2005: 430). Unlike Habermas, this study follows the lead by scholars like Van Zoonen (2006) and McGuigan's (2005) interest in the popular entertainment content which has often been regarded as having little significance in politics, especially democracy. In its emphasis on the consolidation aspect of South African democratic transition, the study is conducted against the backdrop of the broader ‘third wave' transitions of the early 1990's (Huntington, 1991). The study's theoretical framework is aligned with Christians et al.'s (2009) revision of the Four Theories (Siebert, et al, 1956) of the press. Their approach is useful because of its normative strength that opens the possibilities of media roles in democratization. The normative approach allows a free exploration of the potential of the media, instead of restricting the media to the political systems within which they operate. In addition, it aligns itself to Jim McGuigan's theory of the cultural public sphere which highlights the often-ignored political potency of popular cultural texts in the public sphere. McGuigan (2005: 430) argues that the affective or emotive aspects of popular cultural texts enhance, rather than hinder, the quality of political engagement in the public sphere. Through entertainment television programmes, democratic ways of life can be portrayed as part of everyday, ordinary life (Stevenson, 2010: 276). Against the widely held expectation that the media should play a positive role in democracies, some scholars have noted that in reality, “this is not necessarily so” (Jebril, Stetka & Loveless, 2013: 3). Rather, the media can serve dictatorships as happily as they serve democracies (Voltmer, 2013: 23). Using the case studies of two soap operas of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), Muvhango and 7de Laan, the study explores the role of popular media in the enhancement or consolidation of democracy, and the circumstances under which this is carried out. The media of interest for this study is public service broadcasting (PSB). For most democracies of the third wave, especially in Africa, PSB has been an easy victim of political power. Because of its dependence on the state, PSB tends to be more susceptible to political interference than other media types. Like other PSBs, the SABC has clearly spelt-out objectives that are linked to the national developmental objectives, including the goal of promoting and deepening democracy. This connection makes it possible to evaluate the selected entertainment case studies against these objectives. The study uses Multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) because it allows for the analysis of text in its multimodal form such as visuals and audio. It equally allows for the application of analytical tools borrowed from film and television theories. By indirect measurement, MCDA model is used in the study to evaluate how democracy is represented (promoted, negated, omitted) in various aspects of the text.

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Sexual depictions were analyzed in $&, episodes of seven drama serials on British mainstream television over a four-week period in November– December %##). Scenes that depicted sexual behavior and talk about sexual matters were counted separately. Further distinctions were made on the basis of the levels of intimacy and the graphic nature of portrayals. A total of (#) sexual scenes were found that occurred at the rate of ).( per hour across the seven soaps, but this figure was inflated by one late-night serial that averaged $).# scenes per hourly episode. Nearly two-thirds of these scenes were restricted to talk about sexual matters, while the others contained overt depictions of sexual behavior. Sexual intercourse was relatively rare and restricted in terms of overt depictions to the late-night serial. Passionate kissing was far more prevalent throughout these programs regardless of the time of day the program was transmitted. When sexual intercourse was featured, this was generally in the context of loss of virginity or of infidelity.

The frequency of occurrence on typical soap operas of incidents such as homicide, infidelity, and mental breakdown is much greater than is the case in real life. Also, various occupations (e.g., medical profession, legal profession) are overrepresented in these programs. The present study investigated the extent to which heavy soap opera viewers are influenced by these representations. Specifically, the differences between long term soap opera viewers’ and non-soap opera viewers’ perceptions about people and events in the real world were investigated. The subjects’ perceptions of the frequency of occurrences in the general population of such events as divorce, extramarital affairs, serious accidents, deception, having illegitimate children, death by homicide, being institutionalized, working in the medical profession, and being a lawyer were measured utilizing standard survey techniques. Also, the subjects’ estimates of the potential likelihood of future personal involvement in such events were measured. Results indicated that with respect to the probability of having extramarital affairs, nonviewers are more likely to anticipate being unfaithful than viewers [t(98) = -1.94, p <.05]. Also, female nonviewers are more likely to predict that they will be sexually assaulted than female viewers [t(98) = -2.23, p <.05]. No other statistically significant results were found. The results of this study provide no strong evidence that viewing soap operas directly affects viewers conceptions of reality.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-09-27T12:27:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Negri Filho_.pdf: 4202371 bytes, checksum: ba321f74ee1a8d28a2036b10e3a03ce3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T12:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Negri Filho_.pdf: 4202371 bytes, checksum: ba321f74ee1a8d28a2036b10e3a03ce3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Nenhuma / No Brasil, não se pode imaginar uma telenovela sem uma vinheta de abertura, objeto de pesquisa deste trabalho. Como objetivo geral se busca analisar se e de que forma as características próprias das vinhetas de abertura de telenovelas podem ter seu percurso histórico apresentado de maneira gráfica. As perguntas norteadoras para a pesquisa são: Quais características constituintes das vinhetas de abertura de telenovelas podem ser destacadas? Como apresentar graficamente o percurso histórico das vinhetas de abertura de telenovelas, evidenciando o que é próprio dessas vinhetas? O primeiro elemento constituinte das vinhetas que foi percebido é o hibridismo, pela convergência de linguagem de outros meios, especialmente o cinema, recursos da publicidade e influência das séries televisivas, webséries e outros produtos audiovisuais da internet. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi realizado estudo exploratório, por meio da cartografia de Deleuze e Guattari, que exigiu outros procedimentos para que o objeto fosse construído, como bibliográfico e documental. A escolha pelas vinhetas para análise se deu tomando com base todas as telenovelas da Rede Globo (da década de 1965 a 2015), do horário nobre e com 200 ou mais capítulos, totalizando um corpus de análise com vinte e sete vinhetas. As características constituintes das vinhetas de abertura de telenovelas destacadas neste trabalho foram a trilha da sonora (instrumental, nacional ou internacional), formato da vinheta (bidimensional, mista ou tridimensional), os cortes ao longo da vinheta (curtos, longos ou plano-sequência), a técnica de produção (live-action, mista ou CGI), o elenco (protagonistas/antagonistas, outros atores ou sem atores) e a saturação (monocromática, mista ou colorida), aqui denominados de elementos de composição audiovisuais. A construção desses elementos de composição das vinhetas foram fundamentais para que as vinhetas fossem transcritas e apresentadas de maneira gráfica. / In Brazil, one can not imagine a soap opera without an opening credit, the latter of which is the object of research of this work. As a general objective, the aim is to analyze if and how the characteristics of the soap opera's opening credits can be presented in a graphical way. The guiding questions for the research are: What constituent characteristics of the soap opera's opening credits can be highlighted, and how to graphically present the historic route of the soap opera's opening credits, highlighting what is characteristic of these credits? The first constituent element of the credits was hybridity, by the convergence of language from other media, especially cinema, advertising, and the influence of television series, webseries, and other audiovisual Internet products. To reach the objective, an exploratory study was carried out, through the cartography of Deleuze and Guattari, which required other procedures for the object to be constructed, such as bibliographical and documentary. The choice of the credits for analysis was based on all of Globo TV´s soap operas (from 1965 to 2015´s), prime time, and with 200 or more episodes, totaling a corpus of analysis with twenty-seven opening credits. The constituting characteristics of the soap opera´s opening credits highlighted in this work were the sonorous track (instrumental, national or international), credit format (two-dimensional, mixed or three-dimensional), cuts along the credit (short, long or plane-sequence ), the technique of production (live-action, mixed or CGI), cast (protagonists/antagonists, other actors or without actors), and saturation (monochromatic, mixed or colored), here called audiovisual elements of composition. The construction of these elements of composition for the credits were fundamental for the transcription and presentation graphically.

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Chicana literature is often discussed in relation to broad literary or theoretical movements (post-modernism, magic realism, or feminism) but these approaches often fail to account for or even consider other culturally derived sources of critical interrogation. For example, Chicana authors, through direct references or allusions, demonstrate that Spanish-language soap operas, known as telenovelas, have a cultural currency that can bridge people across generations, nationalities, and class differences. Telenovelas also have theoretical value, for these productions often feature stories that address issues of race, class, gender, nationality, language, and violence. Reading contemporary Chicana literature through the lens of the telenovela, including its history and status as a cultural form, reveals the ways in which Chicana authors not only rely on but also revise the form. They disrupt the rigid Manichean world view present in telenovelas by challenging heteronormative romance and traditional gender roles to allow for alternate stories, where endings are not always tidy or happy. Drawing on recent ethnographic research in communication studies, I examine the history of Spanish-language television within the U.S. to substantiate the cultural currency of and show how the telenovela permeates and informs Mexican-American identity. Relying on the work of Jesús Martín-Barbero, I trace the development of the melodrama and romance genres out of which telenovelas emerge, evolving from newspaper serials, radionovelas, fotonovelas, to comic strip novels or libros semanales. I focus on the literary roots of the telenovela genre (with its origins in 19th century European serialized fiction) in relation to early Mexican-American historical romance narratives (María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Jovita González, and Eve Raleigh). Based on Gustavo Aprea and Rolando C. Martínez Mendoza's definition of the telenovela genre, I examine how contemporary Chicana fiction (Denise Chávez, Ana Castillo, Sandra Cisneros, and Nina Marie Martínez) both conforms to and deviates from the generic conventions. I provide a culturally based critical strategy for offering alternate readings of Chicana literature to show how these authors use the popularity of the telenovela form to reach a specific audience and lend new insight into how viewers, familiar with the genre conventions, are comparable to literary critics. / text

This thesis is a reception analysis using qualitative interviews to investigate black students' watching of a South African soap opera, Generations, taking into account the context of a largely white South African university campus. The findings of this study are that students find pleasure in talking about Generations and hold seemingly contradictory views on whether it is 'realistic' or not. The analysis concludes that watching Generations does serve to affirm these students' black identity, since there is a particular need to do so on a campus where black students witness and experience racial discrimination.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-22T17:53:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3790722 bytes, checksum: 4beb3e4081730b4c31761e01e440ff53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T17:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3790722 bytes, checksum: 4beb3e4081730b4c31761e01e440ff53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The convergence culture has led to significant changes in the forms of production and consumption of fictional narratives. In this context, the blogs of characters emerge as one of the forms of narratives that lead transmídias the fictional TV content into cyberspace. Thus, it is important to analyze the configuration of this new communications ambience involving fictional narratives and not fictional, character and surfer, as well as the relationship that builds between them. Thus, this dissertation is to investigate general purpose, in the process of transmediação of soap operas for internet, similarities between the fictional and the real. We selected as the unit of analysis Blog Indra, the soap opera “Caminho das Índias” (Passage to Indias) (Rede Globo, 2009). The specific research objectives were: to analyze, from blog posts as they are constructed identity of the character and the identity profile of the public; identify the forms of sociality explored at the blog for the relationship characters/public and investigate how these forms of sociality promote convergences between presential and fictional world. The research, qualitative and interpretative nature, was conducted in two stages. At first, with reference to the concept of “Communication Contract” (CHARADEAU 2006, 2012), we did a descriptive and discursive approach to the blog, in which we demonstrate how the television narrative, blog, articulates the fictional and non-fictional. In the second step, we seek to understand the forms of sociality involved in the blo g, from the notions of presenteism (emphasis on everyday), ethics, aesthetics (sense of belonging) and tribalism (IDs). In this direction, we seek theoretical support in the comprehensive sociology of Michel Meffesoli (MAFESOLLI, 2007, 2010). The analysis of the posts in the first phase showed us that the identity of the character becomes Indra from discursive strategies that "simulate" the existence of a "blogger real world", being the identity profile of the Internet audience designed according to this perspective. The second step of the analysis showed that the identification of Internet users with the character extends to the "everyday" presented on the blog, thus indicating that the public creates links with the fictional: also sharing their stories, their feelings and affinities. Accordingly, we conclude that sociality is a majo r factor on the similarities between the fictional and the real of transmedia narratives. / A cultura da convergência vem provocando significativas transformações nas formas de produção e consumo de narrativas ficcionais. Nesse contexto, os blogs de personagens surgem como uma das formas de narrativas transmídias que levam o conteúdo ficcional da TV para o ciberespaço. Desse modo, faz-se relevante analisar como se configura essa nova ambiência comunicacional envolvendo narrativas ficcionais e não ficcionais, personagem e internauta, bem como a relação que se constrói entre ambos. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação tem como propósito geral investigar, no processo de transmediação das telenovelas para a internet, convergências entre o ficcional e o real. Para tanto, selecionamos como unidade de análise o Blog do Indra, da Telenovela Caminho das Índias (Rede Globo, 2009). Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram: analisar, a partir das postagens no blog, como são construídas a identidade do personagem e o perfil identitário do público; identificar as formas de socialidade deflagradas no blog para a relação personagens/público e investigar como essas formas de socialidade promovem convergências entre o mundo presencial e o ficcional. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa, foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira, tendo com referência o conceito de Contrato de Comunicação (CHARADEAU, 2006, 2012), fizemos uma abordagem descritiva e discursiva do blog, na qual demonstramos como a narrativa televisiva, no blog, articula o ficcional e o não ficcional. Na segunda etapa, buscamos compreender as formas de socialidade implicadas no blog, a partir das noções de presenteísmo (ênfase no cotidiano), ética da estética (sentimento de partilha) e tribalismo (identificações). Nessa direção, buscamos aporte teórico na sociologia compreensiva de Michel Maffesoli (MAFESOLLI, 2007, 2010). A análise das postagens na primeira fase nos mostrou que a identidade do personagem Indra se faz a partir de estrat égias discursivas que “simulam” a existência de um “blogueiro do mundo real”, sendo o perfil identitário do público internauta projetado em função desta perspectiva. A segunda etapa da análise demonstrou que a identificação dos internautas com o personagem se estende ao “cotidiano” apresentado no blog, indicando assim que o público cria vínculos com o ficcional: compartilhando, também, suas histórias, seus sentimentos e afinidades. Nesse sentido, concluímos que a socialidade é um fator preponderante nas convergências entre o ficcional e o real das narrativas transmidiáticas.