Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15350号 / 工博第3229号 / 新制||工||1486(附属図書館) / 27828 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 川﨑 雅史, 教授 藤井 聡 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Abstract The phenomenon of networking has been the subject of considerable research and has made a significant contribution to business practice. In business life networks of different kinds are found as common modes of operation, and confirms the clear advantages of networks. This has increased the interest of academic research in networking. The theoretical research has extended from dyad relationships to more complicated forms, such as systems of innovation. Networking has not only been a popular research area in the field of economics, but also in the social sciences. The resulting interdisciplinary perspectives have provided new insights into the multi-faceted phenomenon of networking. This thesis is a qualitative case study. The case network is the ICTnetwork in the Oulu area in northern Finland. During the last few decades, the Oulu area has grown and established itself as one of the most important centres of wireless communication. This has been recognised worldwide and it has been labelled the “Oulu-phenomenon”. The main theoretical frameworks for this study are business and social networks theories, supplemented by innovation system and regional development theories. A network is defined in this study as A group of actors that works intentionally together to harness the long term business capabilities of the network of participants and exchange information form the business enabling network. Between the actors there can either be formal commercial relations or the relations can be informal i.e. social relations. Based on the case study, the principal contribution of this study is a novel model of networking – identified as a business enabling network – the assets of which are a goal, trust, competence, an infrastructure, and continuity. A business enabling network model is operationalized on the basis of a five-level network maturity model. These models are described in the study and provide a novel framework for the development and assessment of regional business networks. Furthermore, the study increases the understanding of the case network's operations. / Tiivistelmä Verkostoilmiö on osoittautunut hedelmälliseksi sekä tutkimuksen että käytännön kannalta. Liike-elämässä erilaiset verkostot muodostavat yhä merkittävämmän yhteistyön muodon, mikä on seurausta verkostojen eduista. Tämä kehitys on myös lisännyt akateemisen tutkimuksen kiinnostusta verkostoja kohtaan. Teoreettiset tarkastelukulmat ovat laajenneet kahdenvälisistä suhteista monimutkaisempiin verkostoihin kuten innovaatiojärjestelmiin. Liiketaloustieteen lisäksi verkostoituminen on ollut kiinnostava tutkimusalue myös sosiologiassa. Erilaisten tieteellisten näkökulmien yhdistäminen on tuottanut uusia näkökulmia kiinnostavaan ja merkittävään verkostoilmiöön. Tämä väitöstutkimus on kvalitatiivinen tapaustutkimus. Tutkimuksen case-verkostona on ollut informaatio- ja kommunikaatioteknologian verkosto Pohjois-Suomessa Oulun alueella. Muutaman viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana Oulun alue on noussut globaalisti yhdeksi tärkeäksi langattoman kommunikaatioteknologian keskukseksi. Tämä on huomioitu myös kansainvälisesti ja se on saanut nimen "Oulu-ilmiö". Keskeisimmät teoreettiset viitekehykset tässä tutkimuksessa ovat liiketoiminta ja sosiaaliset verkostot, joita on täydennetty innovaatio järjestelmien ja alueellisen kehittymisen teorioilla. Tässä tutkimuksessa verkosto on määritelty seuraavasti: Verkoston muodostavat toimijat, jotka toimivat tietoisesti yhteisen tavoitteen toteuttamiseksi ja joiden välillä tapahtuu informaation vaihdantaa. Verkoston toimijoiden välillä voi olla liikesuhteita tai suhteet voivat olla epävirallisia eli sosiaalisia suhteita. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä kontribuutiona on uudenlainen verkostomalli – liiketoimintaa tukeva verkosto, jonka keskeiset tekijät ovat verkoston päämäärä, luottamus, osaaminen, infrastruktuuri ja jatkuvuus. Kehitetty verkostomalli on operationalisoitu viisintasoisen verkoston kypsyysmallin avulla. Kehitetyt mallit tarjoavat viitekehyksen alueellisten verkostojen kehittämiseen ja arviointiin. Lisäksi tutkimus on syventänyt ja monipuolistanut ymmärtämystä case-verkoston toiminnasta.

The chosen aspects of protection of personality in the focus of the new media The main aim of this thesis is to demonstrate on a scale of a few chosen aspects in which way are the personal rights protected in the environment of the new media and to what extend is this protection really working. In this thesis I describe the traditional institutes of the protection of personality, as well as the new ones, which are applied in the very specific environment of the new media. I show and describe the advantages and the weak points of these institutes on the deliberately chosen aspects Firsty, I dedicate the opening chapters to the protection of personality in general and describe the traditional institutes of the protection of personality. Then I focus on the specificity of the new media as the phenomen a I describe the new media from the legal and sociological point of view. After that I think over the legitimity and need of the cyberspace regulation and the formation of a new legal area. In Chapter Two I describe the most common problems that confronts the protection of personality in the new media environment. On the chosen courts' decision I demonstrate the basic decision making principles of the Czech and European courts when the confrontation of two fundamental rights is needed (the most commonly...

With privacy settings on social networking sites (SNS) perceived as complex and difficult to use and maintain, young adults can be left vulnerable to others accessing and using their personal information. Consequences of not regulating the boundaries their information on SNS include the ability for current and future employers to make career-impacting decisions based upon their online reputation that may include disqualifying them as job candidates. On SNS, such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter, young adults must decide on how to manage their online reputation by regulating boundaries to their own personal and professional information and identities. One known practice for the regulation of boundaries is the use of multiple profile management (MPM), where users of SNS create and use multiple accounts on a SNS and separate the social and professional identities that they disclose publicly and privately. The purpose of the study was to understand the lived experiences of young adults in how they regulate boundaries on SNS, through the use of MPM, as they manage their online reputation to different audiences. The practice was studied by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) through interviewing young adults of 18-23 years of age, who use MPM on a SNS. Semi-structured interviews permitted participants to provide in-depth descriptions of their lived experiences. Eight themes were identified and described based on the analysis of the interviews that include: SNS use with online audiences, motivations for using MPM, the processes for the presentation of self, online search results, privacy settings, untagging SNS posts, self-editing and censorship, and new features. The themes describe the complexity and challenges that young adults face with regulating boundaries with their professional and social identities online through the use of MPM. Findings from this study have implications for a variety of audiences. Through the findings of this study, SNS developers can introduce new features, improve usability related to privacy management, and further encourage use of their networks. Users of SNS can use this study to understand risks of using SNS and for learning of practices for how to manage their online reputation on SNS.

This thesis focuses on social networks and the role they play in the lives of teenagers. My aim was to provide insight into teenagers' worlds on Facebook and Instagram. The first part provides a theoretical basis for my research and summarizes foreign research on this topic. The second part describes the research methodology that has been performed in this thesis, in addition to the sample who participated in this research. Finally the results of this research are compared with research of foreign authors. The main research question was "What are the motivations of teenagers to use social networks and how do teenagers represent themselves in these surroundings?" The next research questions focused on privacy concerns and whether teenagers take their own safety into consideration when using Facebook and Instagram. My research demonstrates that electronic social networks are primarily used by teenagers as a means of maintaining contact with their peer group rather than making new social connections. Though social networks such as Facebook and Instagram play a primary role in teenagers' social interactions, there are many privacy risks that are not easily accessible to teenagers and present long-term challenges for their electronic presence. It is important to emphasize that the results of my research...

With the development of science and technology, political communication is not only through television, radio and other traditional media in 21st century and political communication through the Internet become an inevitable trend. It is worth noting that Twitter has become a popular tool in political campaigning. Political candidates, political parties, journalists and the public can be free to express political attitudes and opinions through Twitter, which also attracts the academic community on Twitter research. It is undeniable that, from the perspective of discourses rhetoric, the study of the process of political communication on social media is also very important. For the modern political movement, the Internet has become the latest media used by presidential candidates, and Donald Trump is one of the most influential politicians on Twitter. In this thesis, I focused on the rhetorical elements of Trump's tweets. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how Trump persuade the followers as well as convey the emotion for followers through rhetorical means and rhetorical techniques on Twitter, so that he successfully became the 45th president of the United States. In order to work out the questions of the thesis, I chose some of Trump’s tweets that can be considered the most representative parts. The time span was from October 9, 2016 to November 9, 2016. During this period, all the tweets, which were posted on Donald Trump’s official Twitter page (@realDonaldTrump) be analyzed. I used Rhetorical Theory and Rhetorical Method as well as the Rhetoric and Metaphor instrument of Critical Discourse Analysis theory to make a detailed study. Trump knew he needed to establish a close relationship with American citizens: connect with voters, show his political personality, and share his goals through the rhetoric. In this large -scale campaign, the Trump shaped the unprecedented 'Trump phenomenon' with his unique communication skills. Meanwhile, it shows that proficient language and rhetoric skills are enough to make a politician who has no advantage in any respect become an idol of politics and the public.

Master of Science / Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology / S A. Leslie-Toogood / With the creation of Facebook in 2004, colleges and universities across the United States have been playing catch-up with students. This new technology carries much weight as a new medium for students to build social connections and grow as members of their institutions. However, this new technology also brings negative implications such as lowered GPAs with greater use. Research was conducted at four major institutions across the country exploring how residence hall students use online communities and the impact it has on their physical world experience on campus. Most students use Facebook as a tool for staying connected to friends from high school, but there is a small population of students who are using it as a tool to make social connections they could not find in person. This study explores the impacts Facebook has had on a college campus. University administrators are urged to use this data to take a proactive approach to using these technologies to enhance the overall campus experience.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / L. Susan Williams / Studies on fear of crime demonstrate that fear of rape controls women’s lives by altering emotions and behavior, though how women construct rape discourse through social networks has not been examined. Further, studies tend to dismiss stranger rape because of its rarity compared to acquaintance rape, but this study argues that research must begin where women are. This study looks to women’s voices to articulate how they talk about fear of rape; specifically, it examines responses to a serial rapist at work in a college town. Framed by feminist methodology, this study establishes the influence of fear on women’s lives and the role of women’s social networks in disseminating information, constructing strategies, and changing behavior as it relates to a local serial rapist. The study utilizes a multi-method approach to quantify levels of fear in the community and to document qualitatively women’s responses to knowledge about the serial rapist. Two surveys, content analysis of local newspapers, and interviews support this research. In particular, group interviews conducted in two environments – campus face-to-face groups and online virtual groups – provide opportunities for young women to voice concerns and report behavioral changes related to the serial rapes. The research demonstrates that women are concerned about insufficient information from formal sources and want more accurate reporting. Women depend heavily on informal networks for information, but it is often incomplete and/or inaccurate and may actually intensify fear. As documented in earlier research, women focus on stranger rape to the neglect of the more common acquaintance rape and tend to strategize in individual terms rather than recognize structural issues. A major finding of this research is that young women actually perceive a change in their own identity as they try to manage fear of rape. However, women’s social networks and, in particular, the increasingly popular online networks, provide a forum from which to try out strategies, build collective discourse, and, in turn, develop greater group consciousness among young women. From the experiences of women in this study, several policy implications are offered for managing fear, including education about the more likely threat of acquaintance rape.

M.A. / Identity is a broad term that has changed across time and within context. This paper focuses specifically on notions of ‘public versus private’ identity within an online context. Within this study I took both a qualitative and quantitative approach as a means of data collection. This research was aimed at answering the one research question: ‘How do UJ Facebook members use notions of public and private to perform their identity?’ I employed a ‘mixed methodology’ of a qualitative and quantitative approach to enable in gaining data. As part of my qualitative research I applied the ethnographic approach; I observed a total of 25 profiles in order to understand the way in which the UJ Facebook members ‘perform’ their identities through their individual profiles. For twelve months I used observations to understand and explore identities of UJ Facebook members. As part of my quantitative research, I randomly selected 105 individuals as a representation of the UJ Facebook group and with the use of a statistics programme (SPSS) I statistically represented my findings. During my twelve months of research I observed individual profiles of UJ Facebook members and focused on ‘identity markers’ to help me to understand how identities are represented within this space. By identity markers, I refer to markers such as name, sex, birth date, relationship status, religious and political viewpoint, and so on. These markers help create a perception of one’s identity based on the information that is filled in when the profile is created by the individual. Thus, both my qualitative and quantitative findings paint a picture of how profile pictures, status updates, walls, information, applications and so on help communicate a message of identity to an ‘outsider’. I have found a tension between public and private performances of identity. In tension, I don’t mean dishonesty but rather the tensions communicated by the UJ Facebook members in the way in which their identities are performed. For example, one of my participants does not indicate her relationship status, but her status updates and wall is a constant communication with her boyfriend. Therefore, at times these messages contradict each other and this tends to raise questions about ‘how public’ and ‘how private’ ones profile really is.

Ph.D. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which Social Network Analysis can be used to enhance the conitinuous professional development of the Mathematics teachers of a secondary school. With this in mind a literature study was first undertaken in order to clarify exactly what is meant by a Social Network Analysis perspective, online social networks and the continuous professional development of teachers. The study was framed in a Multi Method Mixed Methods framework to enable the integration of a Design Based (DBR) study and Social Network Analysis (SNA) in different phases of the overarching research. The purpose of the DBR study was to design and develop an online social network to provide the Mathematics teachers of sufficient opportunities for continuous professional development. The assumtion was made that the online social network will develop into a Learn 2.0 technology if a) it could provide access to appropriate content, b) teachers could use it to develop own professional development opportunities, c) it could provide opportunities for collaboration between the teachers and d) if it could provide opportunities to connect with those teachers who could contribute their Professional Development. This study refers to the ties which were used to enable the flow of information, knowledge, advice, leadership, support, experience and concrete artefacts (documents) as a teachers’ Personal Development Network. From a SNA perspective the personal development networks of the teachers cannot be fully understood without studying the social network in which these ties are embedded. I refer to this network as the Development Network. The development network is at any given point a stable social construct, but it changes as soon as new ties vii are formed or old ties disintegrate. Therefore a Social Network Analysis was done before, during and after the intervention to explore the development network to understand, explain and predict the effectiveness of CPTD. The findings show that DPO.com (the online social network) provided the teachers of sufficient CPTD opportunities and developed during the course of the study into a Learn 2.0 technology. It also shows that SNA provides an effective method to understand and predict the CPTD of the Mathematics teachers.