隨著資訊科技的發達，資訊成長的速度日以倍計，對於大量且片斷的資料，社會網路分析(Social Network Analysis)提供我們可能的研究方法。社會網路主要是由節點以及節點彼此間的連結所形成的網路結構，透過社會網路分析和連結預測理論，我們可以從微觀與巨觀的切入角度，來進行龐大資料量的政府人事異動資料庫進行研究分析。本論文研究，將政府人事異動資料庫中的異動記錄建構為人物與職務兩類不同的社會網路結構，並透過社會網路分析以及連結預測，來發掘人物與不同職務之間的相互影響性，並進一步分析在特定職務的實際接任人選上，實際被影響的因素為何。實驗結果呈現本研究所設計出的模型，對於政府人事異動的互動關係在不同角度的觀察上有所幫助，也從中可以發現在實際接任人選上的考量上，歷任人選的歷任職務有相當程度的影響性，並瞭解社會網路分析與連結預測在實際情境應用下的可能性與限制性。 / Information grows up in very fast way with the advancement in information technology. SNA (Social Network Analysis) provides the possible research ways for the large number of fragmentary information. Social network is the network structure which constructed by the links of each nodes in it. Through SNA (Social Network Analysis) and Link Prediction theory, we can investigate government official's succession database with huge amount of data from micro and macro perspectives. The objective of this study is the construction of two different types of person and position social network structures and the exploration of the interaction between the person and position nodes through link prediction theory. We also discover the impact factors for actual appointee of specific position in further analysis. The study result shows the design model helps us to observe the interaction in government official's succession from different perspectives. We found that is great influence of successive positions of successive candidates in consideration of actual appointee.

H παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αφορά στην ανάπτυξη καινοτόμων λύσεων για σύγχρονα, βασισμένα στη γνώση, Συστήματα Υποστήριξης Συνεργασίας. Η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση εστιάζει στο μοντέλο αναπαράστασης της συνεργασίας, καθώς και στο μοντέλο επιχειρηματολογίας που υιοθετείται κατά περίπτωση. Σε πρακτικό επίπεδο, αναπτύχθηκε και προτάθηκε ένα σύστημα υποστήριξης συνεργασίας, του οποίου η καινοτομία έγκειται στην ικανότητα δυναμικής προσαρμογής και απεικόνισης μιας συνεργασίας. Το σύστημα αυτό επιτρέπει την ελεύθερη, μηχανικά υποστηριζόμενη μετάβαση και εναλλαγή περιβαλλόντων συνεργασίας, όπου οι οντότητες, οι πράξεις και οι παρεχόμενοι μηχανισμοί προσαρμόζονται στις απαιτήσεις της τρέχουσας αναπαράστασης. Σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο, η επιχειρηματολογία εξετάζεται ως μια συγκεκριμένη λειτουργία συνεργασίας και διεξάγεται μελέτη σχετικά με τα διαφορετικά μοντέλα επιχειρηματολογίας. Στο πλαίσιο της μελέτης αυτής, αναδείχθηκε και προτάθηκε η αξία της σύνθεσης και συσχέτισης μεταξύ επιχειρημάτων ως μια δομή που φέρει συγκεκριμένη σημασία και αποτελεί αντικείμενο αξιοποίησης. Έτσι, η διατριβή επεκτείνει ένα γενικό μοντέλο επιχειρηματολογίας, το οποίο αρχικά ανάγεται και αναλύεται σε ένα γραφοθεωρητικό μοντέλο, ώστε να περιγραφεί ένας αποδοτικός τρόπος αξιοποίησης τέτοιων δομών σε υπολογιστικό επίπεδο. Τέλος, έχοντας αναγνωρίσει την κοινωνική διάσταση της συνεργασίας αλλά και τα κενά στα αντίστοιχα συστήματα, η διατριβή προτείνει ένα πλαίσιο που εκμεταλλεύεται τα χαρακτηριστικά και τις ιδιαιτερότητες των συστημάτων συνεργασίας, προκειμένου να εκμεταλευτεί το σχηματισμό ομάδων χρηστών σε μια κοινότητα. / This thesis concerns the development of innovative solutions for modern, knowledge-based Collaboration Support Systems. The proposed approach focuses on the representation model of collaboration, and the argumentation model adopted for various cases. On a practical level, a collaboration support system was developed and proposed. Its innovation lies in the ability to adapt and visualize a collaborative session; the system allows the arbitrary, machine supported transition and switch between environments, where entities, actions and the provided mechanisms adapt in order to meet the needs of the current representation. On a theoretical level, argumentation is considered as a particular mode of collaboration and a study is conducted on different argumentation models. In this study, the value of the composition and the inter-association between arguments is explored, as a structure that carries specific semantics and constitutes an asset under exploitation. Thus, the thesis extends a general argumentation model, which is initially reduced and analyzed as a graph-theoretic model, in order to describe an effective way of assessing such structures on a computational level. Finally, having recognized the social aspects of collaboration as well as the limitations in respective systems, the thesis proposes a framework that exploits the characteristics of collaboration support systems, in order to take advantage of the formation of user groups in a community.

隨著網路資訊技術的進步，同時也建構了人與人之間知識傳遞與情感維繫的各種不同社會網路形式與空間，透過瞭解人際之間的社會網路運作，不僅關係個人是否能成功實現目標，亦可協助組織解決問題與意識傳遞及運行。加上近年來「性別主流化」(Gender mainstreaming)政策影響，從過往兩性到現今多元性別的轉變，希望建立尊重多元性別的態度及平等相處的互動。本研究試圖將多元性別族群意識傳遞與社會網路分析技術做結合，以社會網路分析方法，來描述網路上多元性別族群意識傳遞之社會活動的特徵與其意義，對多元性別族群網路使用者的網上集體行為進行剖析，以社會網路分析方法呈現，從人與人的互動分析中，探討多元性別族群意識如何傳遞。並延續看見尊重多元性別做努力，不僅瞭解性別的多樣差異，更重要的是結合資訊管理方式，營造一個資訊管理融合社會多元性別族群友善的環境與資源連結。 / With the advancement of Internet and information technology, various online social platforms have been constructed for interpersonal affiliation and knowledge dissemination. Understanding how the interpersonal social network works helps not only a person fulfill goals but an organization resolve problems and spread its ideas. In recent years, under the influences of the gender mainstreaming policy, the idea of two genders has shifted to the idea of various genders with the hope to encourage a tolerant attitude toward LGBTIQ community and promote equal interaction among all people. The study intends to combine the dissemination of LGBTIQ community awareness and social network analysis. The intention is to depict online dissemination of LBGT community awareness and to dissect the collective behaviors of LGBTIQ community with social network analysis. The analysis of interpersonal interaction is employed to see how the LGBTIQ community awareness has been disseminated. The result not only helps understand differences among genders but also gives insights to know that the most important is to combine LGBTIQ community awareness with information management with the purpose to create a friendlier environment for LBGTIQ community combined with information management.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The successful execution of the Physical Asset Management Strategy (PAMS) is an important value driver for organisations, whose core business is highly dependent on the service delivery of physical assets. However, contemporary research demonstrates that scheduled targets are often not met and the means to detect the constraints that can undermine the strategy execution efforts are deficient. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a method to map primary constraints in Physical Asset Management Strategy Execution (PAMSE). A comprehensive literature review addresses the domains of Physical Asset Management (PAM) and SNA. The review of the literature is supported by interviews with practitioners in the field of PAM. Consequently, the challenges experienced in PAM are contextualised along with the capabilities of SNA and the most important constraints in PAMSE are identified. As an interim result, the study found that dysfunctional information flow and poor decision making are the primary constraints that could hinder the execution of a PAMS. As a consequence thereof, a SNA application methodology was developed in order to scrutinise these areas of concern. The methodology was applied at two research sites in the South African mining industry. Network data for the study was collected by surveys conducted in June and July 2012. The case studies demonstrate that a SNA application in PAM requires a number of prerequisites that are crucial to its success. Nevertheless, a successful SNA application may yield valuable results identifying the problems encountered in PAMSE. Most importantly, the SNA highlights overloaded key employees, collaborative breakdowns and excessive intradepartmental collaboration that have the potential to hinder the PAMSE process. The results were validated by means of dialogue with the individuals involved in the study. This study found that SNA can be used as a method to map the primary constraints experienced by PAMSE. It also emphasises that there are important prerequisites that have to be established for SNA to be successful. Future research could be carried out based on the results of this thesis, in order to design improvement plans for the studied research site and possibly conduct a second SNA to investigate whether the constraints, identified in the study, had been resolved. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die suksesvolle uitvoering van die Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie is ’n belangrike genereerder van waarde vir organisasies waar die kernbesigheid tot ’n groot mate afhanklik is van die dienslewering van fisiese bates. Hedendaagse navorsing wys egter dat geskeduleerde mylpale meestal nie bereik word nie en dat die metodes wat gebruik word om vas te stel watter beperkings die strategie-uitvoering ondermyn, ontoereikend is. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die aanwending van Sosiale Netwerkanalise as ’n metode te ondersoek, om die primêre beperkings ten opsigte van die uitvoering van Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie te identifiseer. ’n Omvattende literatuuroorsig is uitgevoer wat die gebied van Fisiese Batebestuur en Sosiale Netwerkanalise aanspreek. Die literatuuroorsig is aangevul deur onderhoude met kundiges op die gebied van Fisiese Batebestuur. Sodoende kon die uitdagings van Fisiese Batebestuur bestudeer word in die konteks en vermoëns van Sosiale Netwerkanalise, en gevolglik is die belangrikste beperkings in Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie-Uitvoering geïdentifiseer. Die voorlopige resultate van die studie het bevind dat gebrekkige inligtingsvloei en swak besluitneming die hoofbeperkings is wat die uitvoering van ’n Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie kan verhinder. Gevolglik is ’n Sosiale Netwerkanalise toepassingsmetodiek ontwikkel om dié probleemareas onder die mikroskoop te plaas. Dié metodiek is dan op twee teiken-aanlegte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Mynbou Industrie toegepas. Netwerkdata vir die studie is deur middel van meningsopnames in Junie en Julie 2012 ingesamel. Die gevallestudies demonstreer dat ’n Sosiale Netwerkanalisetoepassing in Fisiese Batebestuur waardevolle resultate kan lewer met betrekking tot die probleme wat ondervind word in die uitvoer van Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie. Onder die belangrikste bevindings van die Sosiale Netwerkanalise tel die oorbelasting van sleutelposwerknemers, mislukte samewerking, asook eksessiewe interdepartementele samewerking met die potensiaal om die uitvoering van die Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie te verhinder. Die bevindings is deur dialoog met die individuele deelnemers in die ondersoek gestaaf. Die studie het bevind dat Sosiale Netwerkanalise geskik is as ’n metode om die primêre beperkings, wat ondervind word in die uitvoering van Fisiese Batebestuurstrategie, te identifiseer. Dit moet egter ook beklemtoon word dat daar belangrike voorvereistes bestaan, wat vir die suksesvolle toepassing van Sosiale Netwerkanalise in plek moet wees. Toekomstige navorsing kan gebaseer word op die uitkoms van dié tesis met die doel om ontwerpverbeteringsplanne vir die teiken-aanlegte op te stel. Daarbenewens kan ’n moontlike opvolg Sosiale Netwerkanalise uitgevoer word om te meet of die beperkings wat deur die ondersoek geidentifiseer is, oorkom is.

Background: Freno AB in Piteå has expanded rapidly in recent years and wishes to continue the expansion at aneven faster pace. At the same time, the company has noted that there are challenges to maintain high quality, goodeconomy and good marketability. The expansion sets demand on the finances for new premises and equipment aswell as for the development of new product models. The company shall also be able to provide aftermarket servicesand sell to new customers and market segments. In addition, there is requirements to develop skills in the newemployee’s and continuing to develop the existing employees. Furthermore, there are needs to invest in digitalsupport systems for design, production planning, logistics and financial functions as well as customer support andaftermarket.Freno´s goal is to ensure that the conditions for an expansion in each individual part is set before the expansion isstarted. The reason for the positioning is based on the fact, that there have been shortcomings in their businessactivities in most of the areas mentioned above and that many of the challenges lie in unclear communicationstructures. Task: In the thesis have I investigated how the company’s current knowledge and competence is transferred betweendifferent unites. The starting point has been stated in the fact that the employees are the ones who possessesinsight, knowledge and experience about the company's business and the opportunities and challenges that arecurrently in place. The study is based on the current state of Freno with a question about how streamlining communicationsbetween employees and departments can support a continued expansion. Method: The thesis is based on the methodology of Social Network Analysis, where the data regarding network,logic views and culture has been collected from the 12 employees. The interviewed answered via forms and hadthe opportunity to give open answers to some questions and give complementary information where deemed necessary.The required data was transferred to Excel and transformed into diagrams or further exported into Gephito create and understand the network configurations. The results were analyzed and interpreted via the theoreticalframework and cross referenced with other results to validate the conclusions. Results: The evaluation showed that competence and collaboration was not used in an optimal manner for maximizingproductivity. If the presented result is taken into consideration, will the company likely be able to predicthow strategic decisions can affect both existing and lacking communicational structures. A more transparent communicationbetween departments and with functioning support structure (i.e. production planning, updated schematics,goods, order stock with more) will probably affect the efficiency positively. Findings: The analysis showed that a combination between the bow-tie configuration, the imploded group structuresand a missing culture of the socio-technical multifunctional principle, inhibited the transfer and generationof new knowledge within the company. Causing a drift between the company’s knowledge and information needsand their combability view. The irregular network structures in combination with structural holes has made a heavyworkload on the centerpiece in the company. With that discovery was seven holes noted in the company network,which is assumed to have been handled by the centerpiece.Moreover, was a logical clash identified between the current and the previous CEO, changing the base for validatingactions and causing unclarity. Which in combination a chattered humane orientation culture and unclarity abouthow actions were validated via individual or groups acceptance. It was furthermore discovered that the workinstructions for the employed did define the employees influence via tools and technical support that enhanced thenetworks interaction patterns. Recommendations: The presented solutions includes team-building exercises, establishing a formal learningspace. Furthermore, is it recommended to establish up to seven formal meetings places and that knowledge typerequirements shall be identified and defined to secure what validates work related actions. It is also suggested toestablish mentorship protocols, in order to increase the knowledge transfer within the company and reduce therisks of bottleneck and locking effects. Keywords: Small to medium enterprises, iterative processes, Culture, resistance, influence, groupconfigurations, knowledge transfer, process perspective, social network analysis.

This thesis investigates 'self-segregation,' the voluntary separation and clustering of ethnic groups within a diverse environment that ostensibly provides opportunities for intergroup contact. While previous research has demonstrated self-segregation within such settings, using either self-reports, observations of behaviour, or social network analysis (SNA), such studies tend to be mono-methodological and cross-sectional. I review this literature in Chapter 1. I then present three empirical chapters which provide both longitudinal data and comparisons between observations, surveys, and SNA: Chapter 2, with two observational studies of seating patterns in a diverse sixth form cafeteria (Studies 1 and 2), and a third observational study in a diverse secondary school (Study 3); Chapter 3, where I report an SNA study collected from the first-year students at the same secondary school (Study 4); and Chapter 4, where I report the results from a self-report survey in the sixth form college, where students indicate their cafeteria seating preferences (Study 5). In Chapter 5, I discuss these findings, summarising 1) the strong self-segregation, and inclination towards self-segregation, found in all studies; 2) the comparisons between the two educational settings, where younger students were both more likely to be gender segregated, and to increase in ethnic integration over time; 3) the greater inclination of Asian British students than White British students to ethnically integrate; and 4) the need for further research triangulating multiple methods. From these conclusions, I suggest implications for targeted interventions, and argue the continued (and indeed, heightened) need for the contributions of social psychologists in public and policy discourse on ethnic integration.

Research on the experience of international students often suffers from conflation, in that it uses culture (or nationality as a proxy for culture) as a categorising agent, thereby granting causal powers to cultural differences, and contributing to a deficit model of international students. In this research, I will argue that, while culture and structure both provide new sets of constraints and opportunities for international students, participants are active agents in shaping their own experiences, as they think, reflect and act in response to their situational context. Drawing on Archer’s concept of reflexivity, this thesis demonstrates that because international students are often not immediately able to exercise agency through conversation (thought and talk), they find a need to reflect on their experiences and develop a course of action based on greater autonomy (that is, they become more independent). However, while some students make the transition to independence relatively smoothly, for others, it is not so easy, and some participants may find it difficult to convert thoughts into effective action (or displaced reflexivity). Participants in the international student experience confront a situational context marked by four specific features: first, a lack of a sympathetic interlocutor (that is, they find themselves on their own); second, contextual incongruity (commonly conceptualised as culture shock); third, shared experiences, which leads to congruity; and fourth, troublesome events, which blocks agential action. This research provides empirical evidence of specific generative mechanisms which contribute to the shaping of agency in the international student experience.

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Saudações, Auxiliadora on 2018-05-17T13:54:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by EDUARDO SEIXAS (eduardoseixas19@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T15:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Miria Moreira (anamiriamoreira@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-17T17:54:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T17:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / As compras públicas sustentáveis (CPS) integram o esforço internacional em favor da sustentabilidade por meio da produção e consumo sustentável do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA). Entende-se por CPS as aquisições de bens, contratações de serviços, obras e reformas com critérios de sustentabilidade, os quais envolvem fatores econômicos, ambientais e sociais. Apesar de o governo federal envidar esforços para cumprir a determinação constitucional e os acordos internacionais na construção de uma sociedade sustentável, as CPS estão muito distantes de saírem da exceção para tornarem-se regra. Crê-se que a governança pública possa impulsionar as aquisições públicas no Brasil. Por governança pública, entende-se a forma pela qual as organizações públicas são dirigidas, e que envolvem o relacionamento entre a sociedade, a alta administração e os servidores públicos para atender as demandas sociais. O tema é explorado na perspectiva das relações dos atores que compõem a rede de governança das CPS, como também, na avaliação de desempenho das organizações da administração pública federal em relação as suas compras e práticas sustentáveis. Entende-se por práticas sustentáveis as ações que objetivam mudanças de comportamento institucional em prol da sustentabilidade. Assim, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar como um modelo de Governança Pública para processos de compras sustentáveis pode alterar o volume das aquisições de produtos e de práticas sustentáveis nas organizações públicas. Para esse fim, a pesquisa toma como base as aquisições de um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. A pesquisa baseia-se na abordagem metodológica sistêmica; é aplicada quanto a finalidade; tem objetivo exploratório e metodológico; serve-se do método de avaliação de dados misto; e vale-se da estratégia de estudo de caso único. As técnicas de coleta de dados são bibliográficas, documental, entrevistas e questionário. As técnicas de análise e interpretação dos dados são alicerçadas na análise de redes sociais. A partir deste constructo teórico, a pesquisa propõe um modelo de governança para fomentar as compras e práticas sustentáveis, que redefine os papeis dos atores da governança sustentável e concebe indicadores e o índice de governança de compras sustentáveis (iGovCS). / ABSTRACT Sustainable public procurement (SPP) incorporate the international effort in favor of sustainability by way of sustainable production and consumption from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It is understood by SPP the acquisition of goods, hiring of services, construction and reconstruction within sustainability criteria, to which involve economic, social and environmental factors. Although the federal government makes great efforts towards the completion of the constitutional determination and the international deals to the building of a sustainable society, the SPP are still far away from becoming the rule, instead of the exception. It is believed that the public governance can boost the public acquisitions in Brazil. For public governance, it is understood the way in which the public organizations are managed, and involve the relationship between society, the high administration and public servants to attend to the social demands. The theme is explored through the perspective of the relationships of the actors that take place in the SPP governance web, but also in the performance evaluation of the organizations of the federal public administration in relation to its sustainable procurement and practices. It is understood by sustainable practices the actions that have the objective to change the institutional behavior on behalf of sustainability. Furthermore, this research will analyze how a Public Governance model of processes to sustainable procurement can alter the volume of product acquisitions and sustainable practices in public organizations. For this purpose, the research has as its foundation, the acquisitions of a Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. The research is based on systemic methodological approach; applied to the final intent; has exploratory and methodological objective; uses the mixed data evaluation method; and bases on unique case study strategy. Data collection methods are bibliography, documentary, interview and questionnaire. Analysis and interpretation data techniques are based on social network. From this theoretical construct, the research proposes a model of governance to encourage the sustainable procurement and practices, that redefines the roles of the sustainable governance actors and design pointers and the Sustainable Governance Indicators.

Ces dix dernières années, les séries télévisées sont devenues de plus en plus populaires. Par opposition aux séries TV classiques composées d’épisodes autosuffisants d’un point de vue narratif, les séries TV modernes développent des intrigues continues sur des dizaines d’épisodes successifs. Cependant, la continuité narrative des séries TV modernes entre directement en conflit avec les conditions usuelles de visionnage : en raison des technologies modernes de visionnage, les nouvelles saisons des séries TV sont regardées sur de courtes périodes de temps. Par conséquent, les spectateurs sur le point de visionner de nouvelles saisons sont largement désengagés de l’intrigue, à la fois d’un point de vue cognitif et affectif. Une telle situation fournit au résumé de vidéos des scénarios d’utilisation remarquablement réalistes, que nous détaillons dans le Chapitre 1. De plus, le résumé automatique de films, longtemps limité à la génération de bande-annonces à partir de descripteurs de bas niveau, trouve dans les séries TV une occasion inédite d’aborder dans des conditions bien définies ce qu’on appelle le fossé sémantique : le résumé de médias narratifs exige des approches orientées contenu, capables de jeter un pont entre des descripteurs de bas niveau et le niveau humain de compréhension. Nous passons en revue dans le Chapitre 2 les deux principales approches adoptées jusqu’ici pour aborder le problème du résumé automatique de films de fiction. Le Chapitre 3 est consacré aux différentes sous-tâches requises pour construire les représentations intermédiaires sur lesquelles repose notre système de génération de résumés : la Section 3.2 se concentre sur la segmentation de vidéos,tandis que le reste du chapitre est consacré à l’extraction de descripteurs de niveau intermédiaire,soit orientés saillance (échelle des plans, musique de fond), soit en relation avec le contenu (locuteurs). Dans le Chapitre 4, nous utilisons l’analyse des réseaux sociaux comme une manière possible de modéliser l’intrigue des séries TV modernes : la dynamique narrative peut être adéquatement capturée par l’évolution dans le temps du réseau des personnages en interaction. Cependant, nous devons faire face ici au caractère séquentiel de la narration lorsque nous prenons des vues instantanées de l’état des relations entre personnages. Nous montrons que les approches classiques par fenêtrage temporel ne peuvent pas traiter convenablement ce cas, et nous détaillons notre propre méthode pour extraire des réseaux sociaux dynamiques dans les médias narratifs.Le Chapitre 5 est consacré à la génération finale de résumés orientés personnages,capables à la fois de refléter la dynamique de l’intrigue et de ré-engager émotionnellement les spectateurs dans la narration. Nous évaluons notre système en menant à une large échelle et dans des conditions réalistes une enquête auprès d’utilisateurs. / These past ten years, TV series became increasingly popular. In contrast to classicalTV series consisting of narratively self-sufficient episodes, modern TV seriesdevelop continuous plots over dozens of successive episodes. However, thenarrative continuity of modern TV series directly conflicts with the usual viewing conditions:due to modern viewing technologies, the new seasons of TV series are beingwatched over short periods of time. As a result, viewers are largely disengaged fromthe plot, both cognitively and emotionally, when about to watch new seasons. Sucha situation provides video summarization with remarkably realistic use-case scenarios,that we detail in Chapter 1. Furthermore, automatic movie summarization, longrestricted to trailer generation based on low-level features, finds with TV series a unprecedentedopportunity to address in well-defined conditions the so-called semanticgap: summarization of narrative media requires content-oriented approaches capableto bridge the gap between low-level features and human understanding. We review inChapter 2 the two main approaches adopted so far to address automatic movie summarization.Chapter 3 is dedicated to the various subtasks needed to build the intermediaryrepresentations on which our summarization framework relies: Section 3.2focuses on video segmentation, whereas the rest of Chapter 3 is dedicated to the extractionof different mid-level features, either saliency-oriented (shot size, backgroundmusic), or content-related (speakers). In Chapter 4, we make use of social network analysisas a possible way to model the plot of modern TV series: the narrative dynamicscan be properly captured by the evolution over time of the social network of interactingcharacters. Nonetheless, we have to address here the sequential nature of thenarrative when taking instantaneous views of the state of the relationships between thecharacters. We show that standard time-windowing approaches can not properly handlethis case, and we detail our own method for extracting dynamic social networksfrom narrative media. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the final generation and evaluation ofcharacter-oriented summaries, both able to reflect the plot dynamics and to emotionallyre-engage viewers into the narrative. We evaluate our framework by performing alarge-scale user study in realistic conditions.

Diseases that infect wildlife populations pose a significant threat to public health, agriculture, and conservation efforts. The spread of these diseases can be influenced by the social structure of the population, and therefore often need to be accounted for in disease models. In this thesis I use high-resolution contact data to explore the social structure of a high-density population of European badgers (Meles meles). I explore how this structure might influence the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a debilitating disease of cattle for which badgers are a wildlife reservoir. Denning and home range data collected using radio tracking is also used to determine how this social structure is related to badger space use. I use social network analysis to identify the community structure of the badger population, revealing that badgers interact in fewer, more distinct groups than previously assumed. This is likely to inhibit the spread of disease through the population, given that the probability of infection entering a new social group will be reduced. However, among-group contact is still found to occur even between the most isolated groups. I show that this among-group contact is more likely to occur between less related individuals, possibly suggesting that breeding behaviour may drive among-group contact as a mechanism for inbreeding avoidance. To gain additional insight into this among-group contact, I determine how badger spatial behaviours are related. I show that the use of dens (setts) away from the social group’s main sett (outlier setts) in the spring is associated with extra-territorial ranging. I also show that this extra-territorial ranging is associated with more central network positions. The seasonality of this behaviour further suggests that this may be related to breeding activity. These findings suggest that behaviours associated with extra-group ranging may increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting infection. Therefore, use of outlier setts in the spring could act as a spatial proxy to identify high-risk individuals for disease spread, offering potential targets for disease control. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings in regard to what they reveal about badger behaviour, disease transmission, and the design of effective disease control strategies. The importance of understanding population social structure for the study of wildlife disease in general is also discussed.