In the past few years we have seen the near collapse of the world financial system, and we still have yet to find solutions for world poverty or the food crisis. People have started looking for new solutions in order to solve these problems and are considering new employment options besides the traditional for-profit business sector. Employees are increasingly looking for work in organizations that have a more sustainable approach to business. One organization type that fits these criteria is a social business. Most of the research in social entrepreneurship and social businesses, however, has concentrated on the social entrepreneur and the entrepreneurial process so far. Only few studies have explored the employee side. Similarly, research on perceived employee motivation has mainly concentrated on the traditional for-profit businesses and on non-profit organizations. Although employee motivation is considered as crucial to the success of any business, perceived employee motivation in established social businesses has scarcely been researched yet. The purpose of this thesis is to understand why people choose to work in a social business, and what motivates them to work there. This research was conducted as a single case study following Stake (1995). It was carried out in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Reuse Centre Ltd in Finland. In order to achieve our goal, we have found it helpful to combine relevant motivation theories such as intrinsic motivation, task significance, prosocial motivation, value congruence, and meaningfulness, with current social business theories. As a result of our research, we have developed a model that elaborates how employees make their decision on employment and what influences their perceived motivation. Our findings suggest that both, the distinct business model and the mission of a social business have a great impact on people’s choice of employment. Moreover, the company values, which are partly derived from the mission of a social business, also influence prospective employees’ choice of employment. In addition, the employees’ educational background impacts their choice as their values reflect their education. They are also looking for such work, whose content fits their education. In our study we have tried to point out that perceived employee motivation in a social business is also strongly influenced by value congruence. Moreover, the perceived meaningfulness that derives from the social business’ mission has an impact on the perceived employee motivation. The employees feel that their work is positively affecting people, society, and the environment, which results in task significance and prosocial motivation. Finally, the flexibility of the work, the ability to influence the work content, and the work atmosphere, are also shown to exercise a great influence on perceived employee motivation.

A questão habitacional vem se configurando no mundo como um dos temas de maior relevância da atualidade. As projeções indicam que em 2030, 40% da população mundial deverá viver em moradias precárias, e 25% simplesmente não terão onde morar. O Brasil possui hoje um déficit habitacional de 5,546 milhões de domicílios, e cerca de 11 milhões de moradias já construídas sem infraestrutura adequada. Apesar de a grande maioria desse déficit estar concentrado na faixa da população com rendimentos familiares mensais de até três salários mínimos, a política habitacional brasileira tradicionalmente privilegiou a produção de moradias para camadas mais abastadas. A base da pirâmide, que tem pouco acesso às novas unidades habitacionais produzidas, tampouco goza de políticas de apoio à melhoria das condições de suas residências, normalmente localizadas em áreas periféricas e com infraestrutura precária. Este estudo se propôs a analisar os desafios e oportunidades para a estruturação de negócios sociais na área da habitação, no Brasil. Este tipo de negócio tem como objetivo principal contribuir com a resolução de algum problema social crítico, utilizando, para isso, mecanismos de mercado. Para atender aos objetivos propostos, foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação junto a um grupo de moradores da Favela da Erundina, localizada na Zona Sul da cidade de São Paulo. Tendo a questão da reforma como foco específico de análise, foi possível constatar que os aspectos de assistência técnica em reforma, voltadas a demandas não coletivas; a disponibilidade de mão de obra qualificada; a gestão de materiais e o acesso a crédito, são os principais fatores críticos para a estruturação de um negócio social na comunidade voltado a esse fim. / The housing issue is one of the most important themes in the present. The projections indicate that around the year 2030, 40% of the world\'s population will live in poor housing conditions and 25% won\'t have housing at all. Brazil has a gross housing deficit of 5546 thousand residences, with around 11 million habitations without adequate infrastructure. Even though most of this deficit is concentrated in the population with earnings of up to three minimum wages, the Brazilian housing policies have always privileged the production of houses to the richest stratas of society. The base of the societal pyramid has low access to the units newly produced and very little access to polices that allow the improvement of residences in precarious conditions, usually located in peripheral areas with precarious urban conditions. The present study intends to analyze the challenges and opportunities for structuring social businesses in Brazil´s housing area. Social businesses are businesses that have as their main objective to contribute to the resolution of some critical social problem, using market mechanisms. To meet the study objectives, we conducted an action research initiative with a group of residents of Favela Erundina, located in São Paulo´s southern district. Taking the issue the house´s improvement as the specific focus of analysis, it was found that the aspects of technical assistance, not orientated to collective demands, the availability of skilled labor, material management and access to credit are the critical factors for structuring a social business dedicated to that purpose in the community level.

Os negócios sociais são um fenômeno em expansão no Brasil e no mundo.Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar e analisar se os negócios sociais utilizam práticas de avaliação e se isso gera processos de aprendizagem organizacional, tomando por objeto de estudo organizações que atuam no Estado de São Paulo. Na pesquisa bibliográfica, diversos conceitos de negócios sociais foram identificados, porém, não foram encontradas visões definitivas sobre como avaliar tais organizações. A literatura sobre aprendizagem organizacional também ofereceu insumos à pesquisa. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi usada metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas e análise documental, que se mostrou adequada devido à necessidade de compreensão do contexto das organizações e ao fato de a literatura sobre o tema ainda estar em estágio exploratório. A escolha dos casos se deu a partir de sugestões de fundos de investimento. Em um primeiro momento, os fundos foram contatados e entrevistados, depois indicaram para a pesquisa negócios sociais com os quais se relacionavam, além de duas organizações de avaliação do campo, totalizando quatorze organizações pesquisadas. Os principais resultados deste estudo são: a) caracterização dos negócios sociais que avaliam: destacou-se uma concentração na área de saúde e o alcance ou intenção da sustentabilidade financeira; b) análise das avaliações: elas são principalmente sobre aspectos tradicionais, como operacional e financeiro e acontecem de maneira informal; c) caracterizar se os processos de avaliação geram aprendizagem: sim, os aprendizados acontecem em vários momentos, mas induzidos também por diversos outros fatores além da avaliação, tais como tentativas e erros; d) principais barreiras e dificuldades para a avaliação: dificuldades técnicas nas avaliações sociais e custo em geral. Os negócios sociais pesquisados utilizam práticas de avaliação, mas isso nem sempre gerou aprendizados reconhecidos pelos respondentes. Uma sugestão de pesquisa seria um estudo de caráter qualitativo que investigasse porque essas avaliações não geram todo o aprendizado que poderiam de acordo com a literatura (FRANCO-SANTOS et al., 2007) e o que precisaria mudar para que isso acontecesse.A contribuição teórica dessa pesquisa é uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos de avaliação e aprendizagem nos negócios sociais. A contribuição empírica consiste na indicação de que talvez seja necessário desenvolver o campo em outros aspectos até ele estar maduro o suficiente para executar e tirar benefícios de avaliações. A contribuição de ensino é o questionamento da avaliação como premissa para aprendizagem e melhorias organizacionais. / Social businesses are a phenomenon in expansion in Brazil and worldwide. This study aims to analyze whether social business working in the state of São Paulo use evaluation practices and, from that, if they experience organizational learning processes. In literature review, different social business concepts have been identified, but there were no definite views on how to evaluate such organizations. The literature on organizational learning and business ecosystem were also reviewed to give input the research. In order to reach the proposed objective, a multiple case study methodology was used, with data collection through interviews and documentary analysis, which was justified by the need to understand the context of organizations and the fact that a literature on the subject is still in an exploratory stage. The cases choice was based on investment fund suggestions. Initially, the funds were contacted and interviewed, then they indicated social business they invested on to be researched, in addition to two field evaluation organizations, totaling fourteen researched organizations. The main results of this study were: a) characterization of the social businesses that evaluate: a concentration in the health area and the reach of the intention of the financial sustainability; b) Analysis of evaluations: they are mainly informal about tradition aspects such as finance and operations; c) To identify if the processes of evaluation generate learning: yes, the learnings take place at several moments, but also induced by several other factors besides the evaluation, such as trial and error; d) Main barriers and difficulties for evaluation: technical difficulties of social evaluations and cost in general. The businesses researched evaluate their performance, but it did not always generated learning recognized by respondents. A research suggestion would be qualitative investigation to discover why assessments did not lead to learning in a better way as literature suggests (FRANCO-SANTOS et al., 2007) and what would need to change for this to happen. The theoretical contribution of the research is an early understanding of the phenomena of evaluation and learning in business. The empirical contribution is the indication that it may be necessary to develop the social business ecosystem in other aspects until it is mature enough to perform and benefit from evaluation. The contribution for teaching is questioning evaluation as a premise for learning organizational and improvements.

Submitted by Luigi Testa (luigi_testa@hotmail.it) on 2012-11-19T15:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THESIS Luigi Testa.pdf: 3189549 bytes, checksum: 17aed70d896baeab5cc4eed6e10a3856 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2012-11-21T15:33:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 THESIS Luigi Testa.pdf: 3189549 bytes, checksum: 17aed70d896baeab5cc4eed6e10a3856 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-21T17:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THESIS Luigi Testa.pdf: 3189549 bytes, checksum: 17aed70d896baeab5cc4eed6e10a3856 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-07 / O ambiente econômico global tem registrado um conjunto de mutações poderosos durante a última década. A liderança dos países ocidentais tem sido contestada pelo crescimento de novos atores no interior da arena global, determinando uma mudança dos interesses das nações bem estabelecidas, para realidades que antes eram considerados subdesenvolvidos ou incapaz de desempenhar um papel de liderança dentro do contexto da economia global. Assim, os países emergentes ganharam a atenção dos teóricos e gerentes internacionais, que começaram a olhar para estes assuntos, não só pelo seu potencial econômico, mas também para a identificação de novas soluções para a criação de um mundo mais sustentável. A tese em questão, estruturada como um case study, precisamente tenta compreender e retratar os dois temas mencionados acima. Por um lado, a pesquisa irá investigar as dimensões do mercado da BoP, com um foco no mercado brasileiro, pelo outro lado, o trabalho irá descrever uma soluções possíveis para explorar os mercados em desenvolvimento por grandes empresas privadas: o modelo de negócio social. Este novo paradigma, que combina o desempenho financeiro com a realização de impactos sociais entre a comunidade selecionada, será aprofundar através de um caso concreto implementado pela Coca-Cola Company no Brasil, o Projeto Coletivo. De acordo com as observações preliminares, o estudo de caso terá como objetivo compreender os desafios, as oportunidades, os obstáculos organizacionais e os métodos que podem subir a partir da implementação de um negócio social em um país em desenvolvimento seguindo a perspectiva anteriormente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, embora o paradigma pode representam uma solução viável, muitas questões organizacionais e culturais precisam ser levados em consideração para a sua implementação bem sucedida.

The thesis topic is the role of the non-profit sector in the field of unemployment solutions. The first part relates the consequences of unemployment and non-profit activities and highlights their importance in mitigating the effects of unemployment. This part also points out impact of non-profit organizations to increase employment and employability. In the next chapter, using examples from practice outlines the possibilities of cooperation between the NGOs and public administration. The third part focuses on statistical data on unemployment in the Czech Republic and then in more detail in the Vysočina Region. The final section describes in detail activities of NGO Fokus Vysočina and also several other examples of activities of social enterprises in the Vysočina Region. The conclusion summarizes the results and gives recommendations for further improvement.

This diploma thesis studies the marketing strategy of a social business Mléčný bar Bílá vrána. The theoretical part of this work presents the process of creation, implementation and control of a marketing strategy and features definitions of social business and its difference in comparison to classical businesses. The practical part of this work analyses the real strategy of Mléčný bar Bílá vrána. The strategy is researched and evaluated here. This work brings suggestions for improvements of this strategy.

The diploma thesis analyses and compares the current situation of social entrepreneurship in Prague and Plzen region. On the basis of an empirical analysis it evaluates the differences in public awareness and public opinion on the concept of social entrepreneurship and analyses benefits of an individual social enterprise for its employees. The main asset of the thesis is the list of individual recommendations which might help to develop social entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic.

Due to their innovative capacity and social mission, social enterprises build resilience and cohesion in communities by providing for vulnerable groups that governments and markets tend to overlook. In the recovery from COVID-19, while countries attempt to regain lost ground towards their sustainable development goals, protections and support to social entrepreneurship will be vital. This study examines this issue in the context of Ukraine, where the social and economic effects of the pandemic had been exacerbated by the war in Donbas and a decades-long history of unstable economic development. The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which occurred while this research was concluding, is factored into the analysis. Social entrepreneurship presented an opportunity to contribute towards the development priorities laid out by the Ukrainian government, but various challenges - including a lack of corresponding legislation and negative public perception - stood in the way of the sector’s progress. By analyzing scholarly articles, policy documents, and news reports related to Ukrainian social enterprise, as well as the responses of 13 social enterprises to an electronic survey, this study explores the experiences of self-identified social enterprises in Ukraine during COVID-19, before the Russian invasion. This inquiry brings awareness to the socially-oriented businesses that were working towards sustainable development in Ukraine before the country was forced into the newest iteration of war at the hands of Russia.

Yes

Quelques chercheurs ont récemment étudié le rôle de levier d’innovation, voire même d’innovation inversé des projets social business ou BOP pour les multinationales des pays développés.Cette étude longitudinale analyse en profondeur le cas d’une multinationale de l’agroalimentaire, et explore le rôle des projets social business et BOP (SBOP) dans le renouveau stratégique de cette entreprise : l’aidant à être simultanément plus durable (face aux défis environnementaux et sociaux actuels) et compétitive. Elle analyse le processus de ce renouveau stratégique mené à partir des projets SBOP et les facteurs clés de succès de ce renouveau ; parmi eux : une double approche (« top down » et « bottom up »), articulée sur trois niveaux: individuel, collectif and organisationnel. Elle met aussi en valeur l’impact de l’orientation sociétale des projets, comme accélérateur et amplificateur de ce renouveau. / For a few years researchers have been focusing on the BOP as a lever for innovation and even reverse innovation for MNEs from developed countries. This in depth longitudinal study of an agrofood company explores the role of BOP and social business (SBOP) initiatives as a lever for strategic renewal of a whole company: helping it become simultaneously more sustainable (as regards our global environmental and social challenges) and more competitive. It analyses the process of this renewal and the key factors of its success; among them: a double (top down and bottom up) approach: articulated on three levels: individual, collective and organizational. It also analyses the role of a socially oriented focus as a booster of this strategic renewal.