In economy nowadays, the act of innovation is in general social; it requires the management of knowledge, and the techniques and methodologies to drive it. Innovation is not the product of one isolated intelligence, instead, it is the result of a multi-disciplinary workgroup lead by a process or a methodology. The conceptual design, which is found in the first stages of the innovation process, represents one of the most important challenges in industry nowadays. One of the main challenges faced by chemical industries related to the conceptual design phase is to provide the means in the form of methods and computational tools, for solving problems systematically, at the same time that benefiting from the collective efforts of individual intelligences involved. Hence, the main objective of this work is to provide a solution to improve the creative capacity of a team involved in the innovation process, in particular the preliminary (critical) phase of conceptual design. Consequently, it is important to understand the techniques, methods and tools that best support the generation of novel ideas and creative solutions. In addition, it is necessary to study the contribution of information and communication technologies as the mean to support collaboration. Web technologies are considered as complementary tools to implement methods and techniques in collaborative design, and particularly in the conceptual design stage. These technologies allow setting up distributed collaborative environments to bring together the resources and the experts who can relate the existing pieces of knowledge to new contexts. It is the synergy created in this kind of environment, which allow producing valuable concepts and ideas in the form of Collective Intelligence. Nevertheless in most existing solutions for collective intelligence or crowdsourcing environments, they do not report the use of a particular methodology to improve the participants' creativity. The solution in this work describes a social network service that enables users to cooperatively solve problems oriented (but not limited) to the phase of conceptual design. In this work we propose that the use of Collective Intelligence in combination with the model TRIZ-CBR could lead the creative efforts in a team to develop innovative solutions. With this work we are looking for connecting experts from one particular field, TRIZ practitioners and stakeholders with the objective to solve problems in collaboration unlashing the collective intelligence to improve creativity. This work uses the basis of the concept named "Open CAI 2.0" to propose a solution in the form of a theoretical framework. The contributions seek to move the development of the field in Computer Aided Innovation a step forward.

Begreppet den digitala arbetsplatsen kan ses som ett samlingsnamn för alla de verktyg och IT-system som används i det digitala arbetet. På den digitala arbetsplatsen behövs en intern kommunikationsstrategi för hur information ska hanteras för att effektivisera arbetet samt för att få en struktur i de digitala verktygen. Fabriken anser att intranätet är det verktyg som kopplar samman alla verktyg i den digitala arbetsplatsen. Kommunikationsstrategierna beskriver var anställda kan hitta eller dela information inom verksamheten. Saknas en kommunikationsstrategi kan nackdelar som redundans, duplicerad information och svårigheter att hitta rätt information förekomma. Målet med studien är att ta fram en intern kommunikationsstrategi samt se om intranätet kan bli navet i Fabrikens digitala arbetsplats. Kommunikationsstrategin har tagits fram genom informationsinsamling med hjälp av intervjuer och workshop. För att realisera kommunikationsstrategin var tanken att utveckla en Proof of Concept (PoC) för att visa Fabriken vilka möjligheter strategin innebär om intresse för vidareutveckling finns. Denna PoC utvecklades dock aldrig på grund av tidsbrist. Studien resulterade i en kommunikationsstrategi samt förslag på förändringar på intranätet. Förändringarna omfattar bland annat intranätets tillgänglighet samt en lösning i form av en kunskapsbank. / The concept the digital workplace can be viewed as a collection of all tools and IT systems that are used while working digitally. The digital workplace needs an internal communication strategy that describes how information is being managed in order to get a better information structure in the digital tools. This structure is needed to make more efficient use of the tools. Fabriken believes the intranet is the tool that can connect all tools in the digital workplace. The strategies describe where employees can either find or share information within the organization. If a communication strategy has not been developed, disadvantages such as redundancy, duplicated information and difficulties in finding the correct information may occur. The goal of this study is to develop an internal communication strategy and explore whether the intranet could become a central part in Fabriken's digital workplace. The communication strategy has been developed by collecting data from interviews and workshops. To make the communication strategy a reality, a Proof of Concept (PoC) was planned to be developed. The objective of this PoC is to show possibilities of the strategy where Fabriken can decide if they want to further develop it. Due to lack of time a PoC was never developed. This study has resulted in a communication strategy and suggested changes to the intranet. These changes involve intranets availability and a solution consisting of a knowledge bank.

E-government is basically described as using all available electronic media to provide an online public services companies, agencies, citizens or persons in certain country or region. This provision can be provided by the government institutions, agencies, or organisation, in addition to public and private sectors subject to government policies and legislation. Political instability, armed conflict, corruption and chaotic situations are considered to be an obstacle confronting public services delivery and governance in some developing countries around the world. Therefore, Libya is selected a case study of this research. Post the 2011 ousting of the Gadhafi regime in Libya, the country has been experiencing a severe and deep-rooted environment of conflict and chaos, which has destabilised and in some cases dismantled government institutions throughout the country. Within this environment, the original aim of this study was to explore the possibility of implementing e-government services that can provide public services to citizens and, if so, how and what services could be utilised. An exploratory qualitative pilot study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of e-government implementation in Libya utilising the knowledge of government officials. The study found that, the Libyan government had recently and successfully implemented an online e-passport service. An extensive literature review carried out in relation to e-government implementation to help understanding lesions learned and factors behind such success then to utilise the knowledge for further services implementations. Critical success factors of e-government implementation were addressed but available ones are related to stable countries under normal situations. This research is aiming to investigate its implementation in chaotic environment where not much of research is available. During the chaotic environment and instability, different factors may emerge to drive the implementation and the usage of e-services such environment. From government perspectives, it is noticed that cases of corruption, lack of citizens’ safety and poor infrastructure were found to be drivers behind the success of existing government institutions and departments of implement e-passport system. Social collaboration and trust in government institutions’ commitment were emerged from the citizens’ perspectives as factors encouraged the citizens to use the e-passport system. Quantitative data analysed using structural equation modelling techniques using SmartPLS (3.2.7) together with the SPSS 23 were used to analyse the collected data. The outcome were used to propose a framework that can improve the implementation of public e-services while the country at unrest. Another contribution of this studies is the proposal of social collaboration model towards better e-services in such environment.

Magistro darbo tikslas – įvertinti socialinių darbuotojų pasirengimą bendradarbiauti su kitomis pagalbą teikiančiomis institucijomis. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti pasirinktas konkrečių socialinių darbuotojų – Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės Socialinės paramos centre dirbančių socialinių darbuotojų – pasirengimo bendradarbiauti su kitomis pagalbą teikiančiomis institucijomis vertinimas. Tyrimui patvirtinti, iškelti tokie darbo uždaviniai – atlikus mokslinės literatūros ir dokumentų analizę, apklausus Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centro socialinius darbuotojus, nustatyti jų pasirengimą bendradarbiauti su kitomis pagalbą teikiančiomis institucijomis, ir apklausus socialinių paslaugų gavėjus, įvertinti gaunamų paslaugų kokybę. Atlikus mokslinės literatūros analizę, teoriškai pagrįsta socialinio darbuotojo kvalifikacijos bei kompetencijos svarba bendradarbiavimo su kitomis pagalbą teikiančiomis institucijomis procese, ir bendradarbiavimo, kaip metodo, reikšmė socialinio darbo procesui ir pagalbos kokybei. Atlikus dokumentų analizę, nustatytos socialinių darbuotojų kompetencijos, funkcijos, veiklos sritys, teisės ir pareigos bendradarbiaujant su kitomis pagalbą teikiančiomis institucijomis. Kiekybinio ir kokybinio tyrimų metu nustatyta, jog socialiniai darbuotojai dažniausiai bendradarbiauja su medicinines paslaugas teikiančiomis institucijomis ir nevyriausybinėmis organizacijomis, pakankamai dažnai – su policija, socialinių paslaugų teikėjais, komunalinių paslaugų teikėjais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's thesis aim is to assess the social worker's readiness to collaborate with other assistance providing agencies. In order to achieve the aim, the study selected to assess the readiness of specific social workers from Vilnius City Municipal Social Assistance center in collaborating with other institutions providing assistance. To confirm the study, the work bring these challenges - the results of the scientific literature and document analysis, interviews with Vilnius city center of social assistance workers to determine their readiness to collaborate with other assistance providing agencies, and interviews with social service recipients to assess the quality of services received. After the analysis of scientific literature, the social theory was based on the employee's qualifications and competence of the importance of collaboration with other institutions providing assistance to the process, and the value of collaboration, as the method, of social work process and quality of assistance. The analysis of the documents set out the social competence of personnel, functions, activities, rights and duties in collaboration with other assistance providing agencies. Quantitative and qualitative studies found that social workers often collaborate with the authorities providing medical services and non-governmental organizations, often enough - the police, social service providers, utility providers, municipalities and neighbourhood, rarely collaborate with institutions... [to full text]

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One approach to dealing with complexity in a public policy context is horizontality, the act of working across the various ministries and divisions of a government in order to harness the organization’s capacity and resources and direct them towards the addressing of complex problems. And one prominent mechanism for promoting horizontality is greater organization-wide collaboration, knowledge sharing and active knowledge seeking amongst a network of government knowledge workers commonly referred to as policy analysts. The emergent use of Web 2.0 tools and approaches within organizations has raised the possibility that we have entered a new knowledge era - Enterprise 2.0 - that can address the horizontality problem, facilitate the sharing of knowledge between policy analysts and across organizations, and promote transformative governance. This research investigated how policy formulation processes in the government of the Canadian province of British Columbia are being affected by the adoption of Web 2.0 tools internally within the organization as a way to facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration amongst government policy analysts. Semi-structured interviews with members of corporate policy units in the Government of British Columbia were conducted (n = 14), and an on-line questionnaire was completed by Government of British Columbia policy analysts (n = 129). These mixed methods form the basis for a triangulation approach to assessing the research questions. Respondents conceptualized policy analysis as rooted in an apolitical synthesis of evidence and best practices from a variety of sources, leading to a recommendation designed to support decision-making. The diversity and reach of the policy analyst’s organizational social network is related to their length of service in the organization and is an important supplement to the analyst’s knowledge base. There was little evidence that technology networks generally, and Web 2.0 tools specifically, play a prominent role in facilitating the knowledge organization; in fact, policy analysts may refrain from sharing knowledge with colleagues using technology networks in order to avoid contributing to their colleagues' information overload. Following the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), attitudes, followed by subjective norms, were the strongest and most consistent predictors of the policy analyst’s intention to collaborate and share knowledge with their colleagues. Perceived behavioural control was not a factor, leading to the possibility that while policy analysts may believe and be told that knowledge sharing and collaboration are advantageous, they may not feel they have the authority, latitude or ability to do so. A significant gender result was consistently revealed, that women were found to be less supportive of knowledge sharing and collaboration than men, a result possibly due to a culture dominated by masculine characteristics. The findings have implications for public sector organizations seeking to provide support for knowledge workers to make effective use of the organizational social network, new collaboration technologies and organizational capacity to address complex public policy problems. Interested readers should consult http://jlphdcand.wordpress.com for updated versions of this research, and related work. / Graduate

La ricerca è stata condotta in una realtà organizzativa multinazionale, con lo scopo di comprendere quale sia il ruolo giocato dalle Nuove Tecnologie (NT) nel processo di integrazione tra Knowledge Management (KM) e Formazione. Queste due aree, infatti, potrebbero reciprocamente supportarsi nella capitalizzazione della conoscenza prodotta in azienda. Il primo studio ha esplorato la cultura organizzativa attraverso l’analisi delle comunicazioni sull’intranet. Con il secondo studio sono stati approfonditi vissuti e rappresentazioni dei membri dell’organizzazione; sono state condotte interviste etno-narrative ai responsabili dell’area Formazione, del KM ed ai Facilitatori delle Comunità di Pratica (CoP) per far emerge le pratiche d’uso delle NT. Nel terzo studio è stato indagato il costrutto della partecipazione alle CoP Virtuali, strumento indispensabile per rendere capillari le attività del KM. Il questionario compilato dai membri di alcune delle CoP aziendali ha mostrato come l’influenza di un fattore soggettivo e di uno sociale favoriscano la partecipazione alle attività. Dagli studi è emerso che la creazione di spazi prossimali di apprendimento riconosciuti e di un ambiente per la social collaboration consentirebbero il passaggio ad un sistema integrato ed un cambiamento nella cultura d’uso. Risulta fondamentale anche l’apporto di alcune figure chiave interne all’azienda, unito ad interventi di educazione all’uso. / Aim of the research, conducted in a multinational organization, is understanding the role played by New Technologies (NT) in the process of integration of Knowledge Management (KM) and Learning. These two areas, in fact, could support reciprocally in the capitalization of the knowledge produced in the company. The first study explores the organizational culture through the analysis of communication on the intranet. The second study looks at organization’s members experiences and representations. Ethno-narrative interviews were conducted to the training and KM areas managers, and to Communities of Practice’s (CoPs) Facilitators, to understand the NT’s practices of use. The third study investigates the construct of participation in Virtual CoPs, an essential tool to make widespread KM activities. The questionnaire completed by members of some Company’s CoPs showed how one subjective and one social factors encourage participation in activities. These studies show that the creation of spaces of recognized proximal learning and a social collaboration environment can enable the transition to an integrated system, and a change in the culture of usage. It is also essential the contribution of some key figures within the Company, combined with education to usage.

L'innovation est un processus complexe qui demande des techniques et des outils collaboratifs pour la gestion des connaissances et la communication, afin que les entreprises surmontent les défis d'une économie concurrentielle. Une nouvelle catégorie d’outils connus sous l’acronyme CAI (Computer Aided Innovation) émerge parmi l’éventail des technologies assistées par ordinateur afin de répondre aux demandes industrielles pour une plus grande fiabilité des nouveaux produits et procédés. L’objectif de ces outils (en cours de développement) est d’aider les concepteurs durant tout le processus d’innovation. Actuellement la mise en oeuvre d’un tel outil doit prendre en considération deux développements récents majeurs. Le premier est d’ordre technologique avec les possibilités offertes par le Web 2.0 dans le développement de logiciel. Le deuxième est plus stratégique avec un changement de vision de l’innovation passant de l’innovation fermée (interne à l’entreprise) à l’innovation ouverte (Open Innovation). Ces deux aspects conduisent à de nouvelles formes de CAI nommé Open CAI 2.0. Cette recherche propose une des briques d’un tel outil, pour assister les ingénieurs procédés à résoudre des problèmes innovants principalement dans la phase de conception préliminaire. Nous présentons la structure et la fonctionnalité d’un cadre de collaboration qui met en oeuvre une méthode développée basée sur le couplage entre la théorie TRIZ, et une technique de gestion des connaissances: le raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC). Ce cadre est une extension du modèle TRIZ-RàPC validé dans le domaine du génie de procèdes. L’approche du processus de résolution est illustrée sur une étude de cas traitant de la gazéification de la biomasse. / In economy nowadays, the act of innovation is in general social; it requires the management of knowledge, and the techniques and methodologies to drive it. Innovation is not the product of one isolated intelligence, instead, it is the result of a multi-disciplinary workgroup lead by a process or a methodology. The conceptual design, which is found in the first stages of the innovation process, represents one of the most important challenges in industry nowadays. One of the main challenges faced by chemical industries related to the conceptual design phase is to provide the means in the form of methods and computational tools, for solving problems systematically, at the same time that benefiting from the collective efforts of individual intelligences involved. Hence, the main objective of this work is to provide a solution to improve the creative capacity of a team involved in the innovation process, in particular the preliminary (critical) phase of conceptual design. Consequently, it is important to understand the techniques, methods and tools that best support the generation of novel ideas and creative solutions. In addition, it is necessary to study the contribution of information and communication technologies as the mean to support collaboration. Web technologies are considered as complementary tools to implement methods and techniques in collaborative design, and particularly in the conceptual design stage. These technologies allow setting up distributed collaborative environments to bring together the resources and the experts who can relate the existing pieces of knowledge to new contexts. It is the synergy created in this kind of environment, which allow producing valuable concepts and ideas in the form of Collective Intelligence. Nevertheless in most existing solutions for collective intelligence or crowdsourcing environments, they do not report the use of a particular methodology to improve the participants' creativity. The solution in this work describes a social network service that enables users to cooperatively solve problems oriented (but not limited) to the phase of conceptual design. In this work we propose that the use of Collective Intelligence in combination with the model TRIZ-CBR could lead the creative efforts in a team to develop innovative solutions. With this work we are looking for connecting experts from one particular field, TRIZ practitioners and stakeholders with the objective to solve problems in collaboration unlashing the collective intelligence to improve creativity. This work uses the basis of the concept named "Open CAI 2.0" to propose a solution in the form of a theoretical framework. The contributions seek to move the development of the field in Computer Aided Innovation a step forward.