Much research has studied cohesiveness within client groups in terms of making therapeutic gains. These studies have defined cohesiveness in terms of a) attraction of the group as perceived by a group member, b) how clearly each member sees his/her role within the group, and c) the effectiveness of one's skills in attaining group goals. Little research has dealt with the role of staff cohesiveness in developing an effective treatment program. Effectiveness, in this study, is defined as the degree to which clients are willing to disclose personal information to the staff. The results show a positive correlation between staff's perceived effectiveness with clients and the clients' willingness to self-disclose. On-hand experience with clients seems important in involving clients in therapy.

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Cette étude porte sur l’analyse des impacts sociaux de la Coupe du monde de football FIFA 2014 au Brésil, pays émergent, spécifiquement dans quatre villes d’accueil : Manaus, Recife, Rio de Janeiro et Belo Horizonte. La démarche, s’appuyant sur les principes de la recherche qualitative, cherche à comprendre les processus de décision des organisateurs de l’événement – tant au niveau national que local – et la mise en place des politiques publiques liées aux groupes sociaux défavorisés du pays. Il s’agit d’analyser à la fois l’importance donnée par les responsables aux questions socio-économiques et le rôle joué par les habitants dans l’accueil de l’événement.Le corpus rassemble 63 entretiens [50 acteurs interviewés], 48 séquences d’observation, 87 photographies et des documents publiés [dossiers officiels, articles de journaux, sites officiels, rapports administratifs]. La recherche de terrain a été réalisée entre les années 2013 et 2015 de sorte à observer la préparation de l’événement et les impacts à moyen terme.En analysant les politiques publiques adoptées, la recherche a montré un manque de dialogue entre les organisateurs et la population locale, notamment les groupes sociaux défavorisés, en ce qui concerne les processus de décision et les héritages réels à court et à moyen termes. En général, les responsables ont mis en valeur les aspects tangibles – travaux urbains et nouvelles arènes – au détriment des changements socio-sportifs majeurs. En revanche, les habitants locaux ont joué un rôle crucial dans la réussite de la Coupe du monde au travers de leur accueil des visiteurs et de leur manière singulière de fêter le football. En outre, compte tenu des manifestations survenues en 2013 et 2014, un nouveau mouvement d’opposition aux grands événements sportifs a vu le jour mettant à l’épreuve les aspects économiques soulignés par les institutions organisatrices. / This research focuses on the analysis of social impacts related to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, an emerging country, specifically in four host cities : Manaus, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. This approach, based on the principles of qualitative research, seeks to understand the decision process of event organizers – on local and international levels – and the implementation of public policies targeting disadvantaged social groups in the country. This research aims to analyze both the level of consideration given to social issues by the event’s organizing committee; as well as the role played by the host cities’ residents in the reception of visitors.The corpus brings together 63 interviews [50 actors interviewed], 48 observation grids, 87 photographs and published documents [official records, newspapers articles, official websites, business reports]. Field research was carried out between 2013 and 2015 in order to observe the preparation of the event and the medium-term impacts.By analysing public policies, the research showed a lack of dialogue between the organizers and the local population, especially the deprived social groups, regarding the decision process and the real legacies in the short and medium terms. In general, officials have highlighted the tangibles aspects – urban projects and new arenas – at the expense of major social and sporting changes. Conversely, local residents have played a crucial role in the success of the 2014 World Cup through their visitor reception and unique way of celebrating football. Furthermore, given the events that occurred in 2013 and 2014, a new opposition movement against mega sport events was established - challenging the economic aspects highlighted by the organizing institutions.

This research investigated the relationships among four personality traits (affiliation, achievement, aggression, and dominance), actual influence, perceived influence, and individual consensus. My hypotheses consisted of a path model showing the relationships among these variables. The purpose of this research is to increase our understanding of group dynamics. By understanding group dynamics, managers can design meetings to optimize the commitment to and quality of the group’s decision. The methodology for my research was relational. In relational studies, variables aren’t manipulated. To test my hypotheses, I measured several variables that weren’t manipulated but were obtained in an experimental situation. Subjects (308) were randomly placed in 77 four-person groups. Each group consisted of three subjects and a confederate. The confederates weren’t part of my study and I didn’t collect data on them. All group members completed the Lost on the Moon exercise three times: an initial individual rank, a group rank, and a final individual rank. For each subject, I collected data on seven variables: affiliation, achievement, aggression, dominance, actual influence, perceived influence, and individual consensus. I measured affiliation, achievement, aggression, and dominance with Jackson’s Personality Research Form. Actual influence was measured by the absolute difference between the group member’s individual ranking and the final group ranking. A low score indicated high influence. Perceived influence and individual consensus were measured with a questionnaire. Both scales were derived from a factor analytic study. I found the following significant relationships: - affiliation was negatively related to actual influence, - affiliation was positively related to individual consensus, - achievement was positively related to perceived influence, - achievement was positively related to individual consensus, - actual influence was positively related to perceived influence, and - perceived influence was positively related to individual consensus. The first five relationships were found to be significant at the .05 level. The relationship between perceived influence and individual consensus was found to be significant at the .01 level. In interpreting the results, this relationship is suspicious. Since both scales were derived from a factor analysis of the same questionnaire, this significant relationship may result partially from measurement bias. In my exploratory analysis, I found gender to affect group dynamics more than personality. Therefore, further studies which manipulate gender need to be performed before the relationships among gender, personality traits, and group dynamics are fully understood. / Master of Science

Text in Afrikaans / This research dealt with the contribution of psychodynamic group interventions to organisational development (OD). The research consists of a qualitative investigation and was based on a case-study design with the use of multiple cases. Three different cases were presented, namely where a psychodynamic group intervention was used together with another intervention, where obstacles in a group were to be solved and as an in-house working conference. Random sampling was also done within the cases. Three interventions were done, data was gathered and analysed by means of content analysis, and the results were reported. It was found in all three cases that a unique contribution was made. Regarding the first case, the intervention was the beginning of a process of change whereby the participants were enabled to develop their identity as a group, from a family business to a company. Participants became aware of underlying conflict, started to own their roles in it, and to take responsibility for addressing the dynamics themselves. In the context in which the intervention was used, the contribution was, however, restricted because its value was only experienced after the intervention. Regarding the second case, the obstacles influencing the functioning of the team were addressed efficiently after the intervention. Participants were authorised to manage their boundaries more efficiently and to address role differentiation, leading to more open communication and a better work climate. Regarding the third case, it was found suitable especially for learning diagnostic competencies from a psychodynamic paradigm. Learning occurred on a personal level resulted in the ability of participants to identify dynamics in their organisation and to present similar interventions in their work place. Recommendations were made for the use of psychodynamic group interventions from a qualitative paradigm, as well as regarding the necessary competencies and a training programme for presenting psychodynamic group interventions. / Hierdie navorsing hande! oor die bydrae van psigodinamiese groepintervensies tot organisasie-ontwikkeiing (00). Die behoefte om onbewuste dinamika in organisasies aan te spreek, hettot hierdie navorsing aanleiding gegee. Die navorsing is in die vorm van 'n kwalitatiewe ondersoek en is gebaseer op 'n gevallestudie-navorsingsontwerp waarin daar van meervoudige gevalle gebruik gemaak is. Drieverskillendegevalleisaangebied, naamlikwaar'n psigodinamiese groepintervensie saam met 'n ander intervensie gebruik is, waar blokkasies in 'n groep opgelos moes word en as 'n in-huise werkskonferensie. Daar is ook van ewekansige steekproefneming binne elke geval gebruik gemaak. Drie intervensies is uitgevoer, data is ingesamel en deur middel van inhoudsontleding ontleed. Daar is bevind dat al drie gevaiie 'n unieke bydrae gelewer het. Ten opsigte van die eerste geval was die intervensie die begin van 'n veranderingsproses waardeur die deelnemers in staat gestel is om vanuit 'n familiebesigheid hu! identiteit as 'n maatskappy te ontwikkel. Deelnemers het bewus geword van onderliggende konflik, begin om hulle rolle daarin te eien, en verantwoordelikheid te aanvaar om die dinamika self aan te spreek. In die konteks waarin die intervensie gebruik was, was die bydrae egter beperk omdat die waarde daarvan eers na afloop van die intervensie ervaar is. Ten opsigte van die tweede geval is die blokkasie wat die funksionering van die span bei'nvloed het na afloop van die intervensie doeltreffend aangespreek. Deelnemers is bemagtig om hul grense meer doeltreffend te bestuur en roldifferensiasie aan te spreek, wat tot meer openlike kommunikasie en 'n beter werksklimaat aanleiding gegee het. Ten opsigte van die derde geval is bevind dat dit veral geskik was vir die aanleer van diagnostiesebevoegdhedevanuit'n psigodinamiese paradigma.Leerwatoppersoonlike vlak plaasgevind het, het tot gevolg gehad dat deelnemers in staatwas om die dinamika in hul organisasie te identifiseeren om self soortgelyke intervensies in hul werkplek aan te bied. Aanbevelings virdiegebruikvanpsigodinamiesegroepintervensiesvanuit'nkwaiitatiewe benadering tot 0 0 is gemaak, sowel as aanbevelings oordie noodsaaklike bevoegdhede en 'n opleidingsprogram vir die aanbied van psigodinamiese groepintervensies deur bedryfsielkundiges. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

This research has utilised Antonovsky's SOC construct and explored its role in a group relations training event. A quantitative and qualitative design was used. A sample of eight (N = 8) human resources practitioners was recruited through convenience sampling. The qualitative analysis of the group relations training event was facilitated by split mean procedure analysis of the SOC results. The research demonstrated that the SOC is a pervasive disposition in determining the way in which one appraises and copes with group relations· training. All participants experienced anxiety, stress, defensive behaviour, negative emotions and learning associated with a group relations training event. However, the high-SOC participants were better able to cope, manage and make sense of the group relations training than low-SOC individuals. Recommendations were formulated in doing future research for human resource practitioners on the role of SOC in group relations training. / Industrial & Organizational Psychology / M.Admin. (Industrial Psychology)

Aims: The aim is to assess the effect of the two-month program using games and activities in the nature of social relationships in a group of adolescents. Methods: The research group consisted of 17 girls aged 13 and 14 years. The girls were divided into two groups. The group intervention program completed a two-month ski lessons with additional features activities and games in the winter nature. In the control group ran a classic ski training. Social relations in the group were assessed based on the survey using sociometric rating method Class compass, preferential methods of recording and sociometric questions. Results: In the group with the program based on the method class compass was recorded 27 positive choices regarding sympathy and influence in the first polling, 23 in the second and 30 in the third. The point value of mutual sympathy by preferential entry fell from 461 to 419 points and third interviews increased again to 450 points. For the first sociometric questions of social cohesion index value decreased from 0.81 to 0.67 and 0.31, the second was an increase of 0.28 to 0.58, and then drop to 0.33. In the control group, which carried a normal ski school lessons, the changes were minimal. Number 28 cast options according to the method of class compass in the second polling repeated...

Desde sua ocupação por não indígenas, a região do Alto Xingu tem sido alvo de rápidas e profundas transformações sociais, ambientais e econômicas, acentuadas nas últimas duas décadas pelo aumento populacional e pela expansão e intensificação de atividades agropecuárias. Os impactos sobre os recursos hídricos locais vêm sendo observados, especialmente por seus primeiros ocupantes, os povos indígenas que habitam a região. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre as representações sociais da água e as práticas de uso e manejo dos recursos hídricos dos diferentes grupos sociais que ocupam o meio rural da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Culuene, Mato Grosso. Os resultados mostram que os valores, experiências e categorias mentais associados à água estão diretamente relacionados às práticas de uso e manejo dos recursos hídricos nos diferentes grupos. Assim, constatou-se que, quanto mais categorias e subcategorias o grupo utiliza para perceber e instrumentalizar a água, menor é a adoção de práticas que contribuem para a degradação dos recursos hídricos pelo mesmo, e vice versa. Os povos indígenas e pescadores e barqueiros foram os grupos que apresentaram maior número de categorias e subcategorias de representação da água e uma visão mais holística do recurso no território, por conseguinte, suas práticas de uso e manejo da água apresentaram baixo ou insignificante impacto para a manutenção qualitativa ou quantitativa da água. Os minifundiários e médios produtores utilizaram menos subcategorias que os grupos anteriores para descrever o status da água e apresentaram práticas de manejo e uso da água similares, que contribuem para a sua degradação, como: represamentos de nascentes para a dessedentação animal, ausência de vegetação nativa no entorno de minas d\'água, dessedentação animal nas beiras de rios e córregos e uso intensivo de agrotóxicos. Por último, o grupo dos grandes produtores foi o que exibiu menos categorias e subcategorias de representação da água e, por outro lado, demonstrou adotar práticas mais impactantes para a degradação dos recursos hídricos, mais especificamente: represamentos de nascentes em grande escala para piscicultura, dessedentação animal direta e armazenamento de água - sem a devida obtenção de licença ambiental -; drenagens de várzeas; falta de vegetação nos entornos de nascentes; perfuração de poços irregular e uso intensivo de agrotóxicos. Desta forma, verificou-se a existência de práticas de uso e manejo da água extremamente diversificadas e contrastantes no território, no qual o acesso a água em qualidade e quantidade mostrou-se dependente do poder econômico dos grupos que tem acesso à terra. Além disso, a escolha de práticas de manejo e uso da água pelos grupos com maior poder econômico, como também, pelos grupos socialmente excluídos, tem gerado uma série de impactos locais, como poluição e contaminação da água por agrotóxicos, redução e morte de peixes, morte de árvores em beiras de rios e de plantas tradicionalmente cultivadas para a subsistência de povos indígenas e pequenos produtores. / Since its occupation by non-indigenous peoples, the Alto Xingu region has been target of social, environmental and economic transformations intensified in the last two decades by population growth and expansion and intensification of farming activities. Especially its first occupants have observed the impacts over local water resources. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between social representations of water and water use and management practices of different social groups that occupied Culuene watershed rural zone, in Mato Grosso state. The results showed that the values, experiences and mental categories concerning water were directly related to water use and management practices in the different groups. In this sense, we find that the more categories and subcategories the group use to perceive and instrumentalize water, the less is the adoption of water degradation practices by it, and vice versa. The indigenous peoples, fishers and boat pilots were the groups that showed the largest number of water social representation categories and subcategories, and a more holistic view of water resource in the territory. At the same time, their water use and management practices showed a low or insignificant impact to water conservation in qualitative and quantitative terms. The small and medium farmers used less subcategories than the previous groups to describe water status and showed similar water use e management practices, which contribute to its degradation, as springs damming to watering livestock, absence of forest around springs, livestock watering in rivers and streams, and intense use of pesticides. Finally, the big farmers group was the one which showed less categories and subcategories to represent water and, in another hand, demonstrated adopting most impactful practices towards water resources degradation, more specifically: large-scale springs damming for fish farming, livestock watering and water storage without the proper obtaining of environmental license, floodplains drainage, absence of native vegetation cover around springs, irregular drilling of artesian wells and intensive pesticides use. In this way, we verified the existence of extremely diversified and contrasting water use and management practices in the territory, in which water access in qualitative and quantitative terms showed to be dependent on economic power of groups that have access to land. Furthermore, the choice of water use and management practices by groups with greater economic power as well as by socially excluded groups has generated a series of impacts, like water pollution and contamination by pesticides, reduction and death of fish, trees alongside of rivers and streams and plants traditionally farmed for subsistence by indigenous peoples and smallholders.

In this thesis I analyze the evolutionary ethics and propose a new perspective that develops on the notion of altruism. The view of evolutionary ethics, especially the sociobiological account, has some problems. The most important philosophical problem is the &ldquo / is-ought&rdquo / problem which refers to the question as to whether moral propositions can be inferred from factual statements. In order to overcome this problem I suggest a different reading of the notion of altruism namely &ldquo / altruistic behavior practice&rdquo / that refers to norms, habits and repeated actions that provide the sustainability of society. The notion of altruistic behavior practice is presented and evaluated with the help of Alasdair MacIntyre&rsquo / s and John Dewey&rsquo / s moral philosophy. The moral views of these two philosophers are based on human practices and habitual formations in society. In this respect, evolutionary ethics and the notion of altruism are re-established on the basis of human practices and habitual modes of socialization.

In fact Dersimi people have constructed a visible population in Europe, there needs to be more studies made about the diasporic existence of Dersimis in Europe. Being aware of this need, this study attempts to contribute to the understanding of the existence of Dersimi people through Europe. In line with this, this study focuses on the re-invention of Dersim identity in Berlin around a Dersimi association, Berlin Dersim Community. According to this, the intensive participant observation conducted around the Dersimi association is the main source for this study. In the light of this ethnographic fieldwork, the following findings are found out in this study: Self identification on the basis of homeland identity is a significant phenomena for Dersimi people which unites Dersimi people around Berlin Dersim Community Association. And Dersimi people around the association can be defined as diaspora according to Robert Cohen&rsquo / s usage of the term. Being a part of Turkish labour diaspora in Berlin, Dersimi people have transformed into a cultural diaspora with the passing years abroad.