Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoADG_TESE_1red.pdf: 4481398 bytes, checksum: 6cace35c43702026988dd79af73bebf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-04 / This thesis aims at producing knowledge by putting together various theories and empirical analyses. In other words, from an interdisciplinary approach within the Social Sciences and having as background Communication and the City, this work presents, in each chapter, a disciplinary field Literature, Architecture, History and Geography , with which they relate, exhibits its theoretical pillars and performs a case study as a factual and critical contribution, considering the urban spaces of Rio de Janeiro, Bras?lia, S?o Paulo and Natal. By so doing, the thesis covers the period from the end of the XIX to the beginning of the XXI Century. Overall, the thesis is an interconnected and dialogic set that points to a cosmology of plural knowledge / A presente tese busca a produ??o de conhecimento atrav?s de uma aproxima??o de diversas teorias e an?lises emp?ricas. Ou seja: a partir de um encontro interdisciplinar, no ?mbito das Ci?ncias Sociais, este trabalho, tendo como base a Comunica??o e a Cidade, apresenta, em cada cap?tulo, um campo disciplinar diferente Literatura, Arquitetura, Hist?ria e Geografia , com os quais aquelas se relacionam, exp?e seus pilares te?ricos e realiza um estudo de caso, como uma contribui??o f?tica e cr?tica, considerando, respectivamente, os espa?os urbanos do Rio de Janeiro, Bras?lia, S?o Paulo e Natal. O debate vai do final do s?culo XIX ao in?cio do XXI. No geral, a tese ? um conjunto interconectado e dial?gico que aponta para uma maior cosmologia do saber plural

Metódos analíticos de investigação são usualmente ineficazes para sistemas computacionais sociais já que apenas algumas iterações do sistema já são suficientes para que o sistema se torne imprevisível. Portanto, uma das principais questões na Computação Social é o desenvolvimento de modelos sociais passíveis de investigação. Assim é possível que se compreenda o relacionamento complexo entre os componentes de sistemas sociais computacionais e o resultado. Este aspectos incluem a modelagem, a estrutura de comunicação e características individuais do agentes envolvidos na resolução dos problemas. do processo social. Esta tese explora sistemas computacionais de resolução de problemas com foco em sistemas artificiais e heterogêneos. Nela é feita uma compilação extensiva da literatura relacionada em sistemas complexos onde as contribuições do candidato são expostas dentro de contextos específicos da área. Entre elas está o estudo de modelos abstratos e gerais de resolução social de problemas, a investigação do impacto da centralidade no resultado individual e coletivo, a análise experimental de modelos heterogêneos de resolução social de problemas. Quando integradas, estas contribuições reforçam o entendimento sobre a importância da rede e das estruturas de comunicação, a composição estratégica do sistema, a estrutura do problema e possíveis padrões gerais na resolução social de problemas. / This thesis reviews and investigates social problem-solving with a particular focus on artificial and heterogeneous systems. More specifically, we not only compile and comprehensively examine recent research results, but also discuss future directions in the study of such heterogeneous complex systems. Given their complex nature, such systems often defy analyses. Even computationally simple models can behave unpredictably after a few iterations. Therefore, one central issue in Social Computing is to devise models of social interaction that are amenable to investigation. This way, one can understand the complex relationships among the components and the outcome of the social process. This thesis surveys scientific inquiries concerned with fundamental aspects in social problemsolving systems and their impact in ability and performance of such systems. These aspects include modeling, communication structure and individual problem-solver traits. This thesis also reports the student endeavour during the period of research and summarizes several already published contributions. Among them there is (i) the study of general frameworks for the study of social problem-solving, (ii) the investigation of the role of centrality in individual and collective outcomes, and (iii) the exploration of heterogeneous models of social problem-solving. These three points, in an integrated perspective underpin the understanding of network and communication structures, adjust the strategic systems’ composition, and exploit problems’ structures and patterns in social problemsolving systems.

Orientador: Eduardo Guimarães / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T06:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_CarolinadePaula_D.pdf: 1386432 bytes, checksum: 869e3502e85d373789838f6f4d5ce667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Na escrita de quatro importantes obras das Ciências Sociais do início do século XX, a palavra preconceito adquire sentidos específicos em cada uma delas, sentidos constituídos no funcionamento enunciativo, que é político e histórico. Nossa tese se inscreve na área da Semântica do Acontecimento na qual a análise de sentidos é considerada a partir do acontecimento enunciativo (GUIMARÃES, 2002). Também, são mobilizados alguns conceitos da Análise de Discurso francesa, a partir de trabalhos de Pêcheux (1975; 1988) e Orlandi (1994; 1999). Esta abordagem nos possibilita observar como os autores dessas obras, na primeira metade do século XX, compreendem as relações sociais na construção de um conhecimento sobre a nossa sociedade que serviria de referência para a produção científica que viria depois. Nosso objetivo foi analisar as designações da palavra preconceito nas obras: A evolução do povo brasileiro (1923), de Oliveira Vianna; Casagrande e Senzala (1933), de Gilberto Freyre; Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda; e Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo (1942), de Caio Prado Júnior. Estas obras abrangem um período de transformação do Brasil, momento em que havia a preocupação do Estado, da elite no poder, dos intelectuais, com as mudanças sociais, econômicas e políticas. Há, assim, nesses textos, uma busca em se compreender os problemas e a formação da sociedade do Brasil do início do século XX. E, na medida em que os autores vão descrevendo as relações sociais, a palavra vai sendo significada. Observando as reescrituras e as articulações que constituem os diferentes domínios semânticos dessa palavra, vemos que os sentidos que circulam nas obras são eufemizados, naturalizados, apagados. E, com isso, na descrição da sociedade brasileira compreendemos que o funcionamento político da enunciação produz sentidos diversos, divididos, contraditórios para a palavra preconceito. No espaço de enunciação científico que essas obras configuram, aquilo que preconceito significa é dado como uma evidência, sendo que a palavra é raramente reescrita por uma definição. Mas, através das análises, vemos que em cada obra a palavra preconceito tem designações diferentes. Assim, além do sentido etimológico "ideia preconcebida", outras reescrituras e articulações vão determinando os sentidos dessa palavra e cada obra tem sentidos específicos que se modificam na relação com as diferentes discursividades que agenciam os locutores-cientistas. É assim que, em uma mesma obra, preconceito pode significar o erro de se supor a identidade, lugar do qual o locutor-cientista se distancia e, ao mesmo tempo, o locutor é agenciado por sentidos que fazem parte de uma teoria biologizante e que se configuram como preconceito racial, sendo que este tipo de preconceito não faz parte do domínio semântico da palavra nessa obra, mas que vai fazer parte dos domínios semânticos das outras obras, pois os outros autores falam deste preconceito ao descreverem a sociedade. Além disso, outros sentidos também circulam para a palavra preconceito, tais como o sentido de discriminação, de exclusão, de opressão, etc., e, desse modo, podemos compreender a instabilidade e a divisão dos sentidos dessa palavra que circula, na maioria das vezes, sob a evidência do sentido etimológico / Abstract: In the writings of four important works of the early twentieth century's Social Sciences the word prejudice acquires specific meanings for each - meanings constituted in the enunciative operation, which is political and historical. Our thesis is part of the Semantics of Events field, in which the analysis of meanings is considered taking the enunciative event as a starting point (Guimarães, 2002). Some concepts taken from the French Discourse Analysis are also put to use, based in works of Pêcheux (1975; 1988) and Orlandi (1994; 1999). This approach enables us to notice how the authors, in the first half of the twentieth century, understand social relations when setting up the knowledge about our society that would later serve as reference for the scientific production that was yet to come. Our objective was to analyze the designations of the word prejudice in the works: A evolução do povo brasileiro (1923), by Oliveira Vianna; Casa-grande e Senzala (1933), by Gilberto Freyre; Raízes do Brasil (1936), by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda; and Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo (1942), by Caio Prado Júnior. These works cover a transformation period of Brazil, when there was a concern of the State, the ruling elite, the intellectuals, about social, economic and political changes. Thus, there is a quest for using these texts in order to comprehend the problems and the formation of Brazilian society in the early twentieth century. While the authors/speakers describe social relations, the word earns its meanings. When we observe the rewritings and articulations that constitute the many semantic domains of the word, we see the meanings used in those works are euphemized, naturalized, cleared. And, with this, in the description of Brazilian society, we understand that the enunciation's political functioning produces diverse, divided, contradicting meanings for the word prejudice. In the scientific enunciative space in which the works are inserted, the meaning of prejudice is taken as granted, since the word is rarely given another definition. But through analysis, we observe that for each work the word prejudice designates a diverse form. So, besides the "before judgment" etymological meaning, other rewritings and articulations determine the specific sense in which the word is understood in each work, modifying the relationship with the various discourses that broker the speakers/scientists. That is how prejudice, in a work, can mean the mistake of supposing an identity, from which the speaker/scientist moves away, and at the same time, the speaker is taken by meanings that are part of a biologizing theory that is set as racial prejudice - and this type of bias is not part of the word's semantic domain in the works, but it will be part of the other works' semantic domain, because the other authors/speakers use this bias to describe their society. Moreover, other meanings for the word prejudice are also used, as for discrimination, exclusion, oppression, etc., and, this way, we can understand the unstableness inconstancy and multiplicity of meanings for a word that is used most of the times under the evidence of its etymological meaning / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal Gouveia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_OrsonJoseRobertode_M.pdf: 2056289 bytes, checksum: ed24a283a8afd82d09f42e75fd0a6eb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa, do ponto de vista contextual, a Medida Provisória nº 114 de março de 2003, convertida em Lei nº 10.696 de julho do mesmo ano, a partir da ótica da elite política brasileira - especificamente a bancada ruralista. A bancada ruralista é tida como um dos grupos conservadores do Congresso Nacional, com forte coesão interna e intensa capacidade de pressão junto ao Executivo e Legislativo brasileiro, para que seus interesses sejam contemplados. O estudo considera a discussão, em plenário, dos parlamentares ruralistas sobre a MPV nº 114/03, que dispõe da renegociação das dívidas do crédito rural e visa analisar como as renegociações dos recursos públicos aplicados no financiamento da produção agropecuária brasileira reproduzem e aprofundam a desigualdade social. Tanto financiamento para a produção agropecuária como a renegociação das dívidas do crédito rural não consideram equitativamente todos os produtores rurais, colocando a discussão diante de questões de justiça social ao não propiciar mecanismos para a redução da desigualdade social / Abstract: Taking in consideration a contextual analyses, this dissertation investigates the March 2003 Governmental Decree 114, which was converted in the Federal Law number 10.696 in July 2003. This study focus on the thoughts and actions of the rural landowners members of the Congress (the bancada ruralista), which are considered one of the most conservative political sectors in the country. The Bancada Ruralista is also considered to be a very strong lobby, with internal cohesion and capacity of pressure on the Executive and the Legislative. The dissertation analyses the debates around the Governmental Decree 114 among the members of the Congress, particularly the bancada ruralista discussion on the defense of the large landowners' interests. The Governmental Decree 114 established new standards regarding the renegotiation of public rural credit and the landowner's federal debts. Therefore it was considered a crucial political issue for the bancada ruralista lobbies. The study demonstrates how the application of the federal resources on the large agribusiness reproduces and deepens the country social inequalities, since the rural producer are not equally considered in these negotiations, clearly favoring the large and most politically powerful rural landowners / Mestrado / Sociologia Politica / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Everardo Duarte Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_SergioAugustoVizzaccaro_D.pdf: 5140888 bytes, checksum: 2483b988fa5daa4444390aa72e5cb0ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Nossa pesquisa, "Fazer ver e fazer falar na saúde coletiva: enunciado e visibilidade em tempos de biopoder", pretende entender a constituição do campo da saúde coletiva a partir de um problema que não se restrinja as produções discursivas tipicamente territoriais, e nos remeta mais diretamente ao aparato de produção do saber. Entendemos o saber como uma formalização efetuada por meio de elementos constituintes mais difusos (pois podem atravessar vários territórios discursivos sem, no entanto, se deixar descaracterizar), mais dificilmente detectáveis (pois, por estarem presentes em diversos campos discursivos, tais elementos portam uma grande capacidade em diferenciar-se, isto é, podem repetir-se sem perder certa raridade) e que se articulam por meio de relações não diretamente determinadas, mas determináveis (relações impostas pelo poder - enquanto biopoder - que, no nosso caso, pode ser entendido pela estratégia do "fazer sobreviver", mais que do "fazer viver"). Não buscamos, portanto, falas específicas dos campos tradicionalmente apresentados como correspondentes ao campo maior da saúde coletiva, (ciências sociais, epidemiologia e gestão e planejamento), para dispormos delas em termos de acordos e desacordos gerenciados por incompatibilidades e compatibilidades epistemológicas. Nosso objetivo concentra-se, por outro lado, em trabalhar o "entre", em estabelecer quais tendências de saber perduram entre tais campos, quais eixos conformam as falas e as verdades destes campos, para podermos, então, pensar no fator que promove a convivência de territórios tão diversos sob o nome de Saúde Coletiva. Mas, para tanto, foi preciso escolher um eixo central, uma espécie de função problemática sobre a qual pudéssemos articular os enunciados e as visibilidades produzidos ao seu redor: o suicídio. Resolvemos o perigo da dispersão com a divisão do eixo "suicídio", em três outros "sub-eixos" de aglutinação de saber: a detecção do risco, o levantamento das causas e a proposição da prevenção. Assim, para entrarmos na discussão da constituição do campo da saúde coletiva, escolhemos o suicídio como linha principal (função enunciativa primitiva) para, em seguida, traçar as formalizações locais (derivadas da função primitiva) de saber (epidemiologia e gestão/planejamento enquanto localidades), processo viabilizado pela segunda divisão em três outros eixos (ou "sub-eixos) de investigação (o risco, a causa e a prevenção). Isso nos insere novamente no objetivo original, que é a questão de como se produz a coesão do campo, apesar da sua grande diversidade. Em outras palavras, com a pesquisa, conseguimos tangenciar as relações de poder que permeiam a produção de saber no campo maior da saúde coletiva, mostrando as tendências mais ou menos fortes, os pontos de contágio de sentido conceitual, as linhas enunciativas dominantes e as formas de visibilidade que imperam e criam a emergência de práticas e saberes / Abstract: Our research: Collective Health: Making See and Making Speak Out - Proposition and Visibility in Times of Biopower - is meant to understand how the field of collective health is made up, from a problem that is not to be restrained to typically territorial dialectical productions and more straightforwardly refer us to the knowledge production apparatus. We understand knowledge as a formalization carried out through more diffuse constituting elements (for they can get across several dialectical fields without however letting themselves lose their character), more difficult to be detected (since by being present in several dialectical fields such elements bear a great ability to differentiate themselves, i.e., they can be repeated while preserving some level of uniqueness) and that achieve articulation through relations that though not directly determined) are still determinable (relations imposed by power - as biopower - which, in our case, can be understood by a making survive strategy rather than a making live strategy).Therefore, we do not pursue specific speeches in those fields traditionally presented as corresponding to the extended field of collective health (social sciences, epidemiology and management & planning), to have them available in terms of agreements and disagreements administered by epistemological compatibilities and incompatibilities. On the other hand, our objective is centered on working the between, in defining which knowledge trends are long-lasting among such fields, which axes conform the speeches and the truths of those fields, hence making it possible for us to think up the factor that promotes conviviality in so diverse territories under the name of Collective Health. But for such, it was necessary to choose a central axis, a sort of problematic function over which we would be able to articulate the propositions and visibilities produced around it: suicide. We had the dispersion hazard resolved by dividing the suicide axis in three other sub-axes of knowledge agglutination: risk detection, survey of causes and the prevention proposition. Consequently, to enter into the discussion of constitution of the collective health field we have chosen suicide as the main line (primitive propositional function) and next proceeded with outlining the local formalizations (deriving from primitive function) of knowledge (epidemiology and management/planning as localities), a process whose feasibility was made possible through another division in three more axes (or sub-axes) of investigation (risk, cause and prevention).That brings us back to the original objective which is the issue of how field cohesion is produced notwithstanding its large diversity. In other words, with this research we could touch the power relations that permeate knowledge production in the extended field of collective health, showing trends that are more or less strong, the points of contamination in a conceptual sense, the dominant propositional lines and the forms of visibility that dominate and bring about the emergence of practices and knowledge / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Muslim as a citizen of society is produced in textbooks for social sciences at high school. This is done by analyzing the follow-up issues that arise from subject focus, social science languages and knowledge phases. When the specific consequences of subject focus, social science language and knowledge phases work together, Östman creates discourse sentences, advanced and complex images of reality.The essence of the first question is what combinations of subjects, societal and knowledge phases are within. The study found four different discursive sentences: the Muslim threat to the western world, the Muslim - the one-dimensional Islamist, the Muslim-complex Islamist, the Muslim - a problem for the western world. The first two described the Muslim more or less as a threat to Western values through a homogeneous and one-dimensional description. The second question was to provide answers to the contexts of Muslims and Islamism. It turned out that Muslims and Islam only exist in contexts relating to fundamentalism, conflict, war and terrorism. The third question of the essay is what values are attributed to Muslims through the various petitions. The values attributed to Muslim social actors consisted of fundamentalist and antidemocratic Islamic values. The image of the Muslim citizen is negative. Muslims are attributed to the discourse sentences anti-democratic and Islamic values. Muslims and Islam are thus in conflict with the western world's democratic societies.

M.A. (Politics). / This is a study in political philosophy. It defends the following thesis: where there is poverty there is a lack of power and thus a lack of freedom. It does not follow from this that a life of wealth is a life of freedom and a life of poverty is a life of complete unfreedom. This is because full freedom also involves other components such as political freedom, economic freedom and so on. The thesis defended here is simply the negative one that humans remain unfree as long as they live in conditions of poverty. Thus poverty should be construed as lack of freedom in the sense of constraints or fetters it casts upon people collectively. For example, the harsh effects of segregation in the United States and apartheid in South Africa are that people continue to live in separate communities somewhat along the colour line. The worse effect of this is that those who live in poorly resourced communities are Black. They in this manner remain without freedom here construed as power to tum their situation around. This thesis criticises the liberal account of Berlin and others of similar persuasions and offer a distinct account of freedom that locates it in an individual's capacity to carry out desired actions. It will then argue that poverty constrains freedom in this sense. Thus if you are poor, you are unfree and without power to generate the requisite necessaries of life. This thesis also aims to show how the two concepts of liberty or the liberal perspective of freedom as such do not take into account the important social problems confronting us in the world today, for example poverty which in this project is taken as an exemplar of lack of freedom. Poverty is characterized best as being without the necessities to meet basic human needs such as shelter, food and recreation. More importantly, any alternative to address poverty must take into account the fundamental significance of participation in politics.

One of the most important aspects of the American field of International Relations (IR) is the deeply-rooted and broadly shared commitment to a “scientist” understanding of scholarly work. Scientism can be described as an indubitable belief in our ability to produce value-free and non-normative knowledge and in the power of such knowledge to resolve societal problems. Since the mid-20th century, this scientist commitment prevailed in the main approaches and standards guiding the practice of IR scholarship in the United States. One problem with the dominance of scientism is that it reproduces a restrictive view of American IR scholarship. More precisely, the dominance of scientism has not only limited the diversity of methodological and theoretical approaches but, this thesis argues, also restricted American IR scholars’ ability to further different understandings of the legitimate purposes of scholarly work. Following this idea, this thesis endeavors to challenge the dominance of scientism and legitimize alternative forms of scholarship in American IR. More precisely, this thesis advances that American IR scholars’ work is guided by three categories of objectives, that is, the production of scientific knowledge, the application of knowledge and the advancement of critical thinking. To clarify how these three objectives are concretely formulated, the thesis also specifies nine categories of epistemic approaches (e.g. forms of methods and theories) that are associated with scientific, applied and critical objectives. This categorization is conceived as a useful thinking tool for understanding how and why scholarship is generated in American IR. After detailing this categorization, the thesis underlines the specific value and purpose associated with each category of objectives by examining a series of graduate education programs in American IR. This empirical examination concentrates on ten professional M.A. and ten PhD programs offered in elite American universities. Using a discursive analysis of the curriculum and the syllabus of one core course in each program, the thesis discusses how and why scientific, applied and critical objectives are furthered in American IR. It particularly underscores why applied and critical objectives are marginalized across the selected graduate education programs and the benefits associated with these alternative orientations for American IR. In doing so, this thesis helps challenge the dominance of scientism and legitimize other forms of scholarship in American IR.

The purpose of this study is to develop and to evaluate a community social science program for the seventh grade. The control group was taught in the traditional method, while the experimental group was taught with the community as the basis of all activities.

No description available.