ANHÃO, P. P. G. - O processo de interação social na inclusão escolar de crianças com Síndrome de Down em educação infantil. 2009. 88p. Dissertação de Mestrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saude na Comunidade, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2009. A atualidade do tema inclusão escolar na rede pública de ensino traz à tona uma série de discussões pertinentes e constituintes deste novo paradigma social, principalmente para as crianças com Síndrome de Down, as quais têm seu processo de desenvolvimento cada vez mais estudado. Pesquisas têm demonstrado as consequências do processo de inclusão junto a esta população. O objetivo geral desta Dissertação é verificar e analisar qualiquantitativamente como se dá o processo de interação social de crianças com Síndrome de Down e crianças com desenvolvimento típico, na rede regular de educação infantil do município de Ribeirão Preto. Os participantes foram crianças com Síndrome de Down, na faixa etária de três a seis anos, que já frequentaram o setor de estimulação precoce da Apae de Ribeirão Preto, e crianças com desenvolvimento típico que frequentavam as mesmas salas dos pares com Síndrome de Down, também na faixa etária de três a seis anos. As filmagens foram analisadas quali-quantitativamente, por meio de categorias que identificaram o processo de interação social desta criança junto aos seus pares, em ambiente escolar. Os resultados apontam que, de maneira geral, não foram observadas diferenças significativamente relevantes entre os comportamentos apresentados pelo grupo de estudo, composto por crianças com Síndrome de Down, e pelo grupo comparado, composto por crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os comportamentos que apresentaram diferença significativa foram: Estabelece contato inicial com outras pessoas (p=0,017) e Imita outras crianças (p=0,030). O grupo de estudo apresentou maior frequência do comportamento Imita outras crianças quando comparado ao grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Já o grupo comparado apresentou maior frequência do comportamento Estabelece contato inicial com outras pessoas quando comparado ao grupo de crianças com Síndrome de Down, demonstrando um déficit das habilidades sócias assertivas e mostrando que as habilidades sociais passivas estão mais presentes neste grupo de crianças. O estudo concluiu que nos comportamentos observados e de acordo com a faixa etária estudada, o grupo de crianças com Síndrome de Down abordado, não apresentou características de interação social muito diferentes das crianças com desenvolvimento típico estudadas. Reforçando a importância do processo de inclusão escolar desta população. / ANHÃO, P. P. G. - The interaction process in school inclusion of children with Down syndrome at child education. 2009. 88p. Dissertação de mestrado, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Saúde na Comunidade, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2009. The current issue of school inclusion in the public school system brings to light a series of discussions and relevant components of this new social paradigm, especially for children with Down syndrome, which have their development process increasingly studied. Polls have shown the consequences of the inclusion process with this population. The aim of this is to verify and analyze quali - quantitatively how it gives the process of social interaction of children with Down syndrome and typically developing children in the regular network of child education in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto. Participants were children with Down syndrome, aged from three to six years, which have attended the area of early stimulation of APAE of Ribeirão Preto, and typically developing children who attended the same room of peers with Down syndrome also in age of three to six years. The films were analyzed quali - quantitatively, using categories that identified the process of social interaction of this child with their peers in the school environment. The results show that in general no significant differences were observed between the behaviors presented by the study group, composed of children with Down syndrome, and the comparison group, composed of children with typical development. The behaviors that were significantly different: \"It establishes initial contact with others\" (p = 0017) and \"He imitates other children (p = 0030). The study group showed higher frequency of behavior \"He imitates other children\" when compared to the group of children with typical development. But the comparison group showed greater frequency of behavior \"establishes initial contact with other people\" when compared to the group of children with Down syndrome, showing a deficit of social assertions skills and showing that passive social skills are more present in this group of children. The study concluded that the behaviors observed and according to the age group studied, the group of children with Down syndrome approached showed features of social interaction not very different from typically developing children studied. Reinforcing the importance of the school inclusion in this population. Key words: Pre-school, Down syndrome, Social Interaction, Child.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi resgatar, aplicar e avaliar a prática educativa de Júlio César de Mello e Souza, pseudônimo Malba Tahan, e a interdisciplinaridade como um possível caminho para iniciar a compreensão das noções matemáticas na Educação Infantil, superar as dificuldades do ensino de Matemática no 5º Ano do Ensino Fundamental I e promover a formação continuada interna dos (as) professoras da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental I do Instituto Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Rede Salesiana de Escolas), localizado na cidade de Guaratinguetá-SP. Tendo como fonte de inspiração a metodologia comunicativo-crítica de investigação, este trabalho conta com observações e registros comunicativos dos participantes como principais instrumentos de coleta de dados; envolve uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados, em parceria com professores (as) e estudantes das turmas da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental I da escola investigada. Com os resultados deste estudo é possível avaliar se a aprendizagem da Matemática pode ser desenvolvida por meio da literatura de Malba Tahan resgatando o seu legado literário-pedagógico e articulando-o aos conceitos atuais. Deste modo, tais resultados mostram que as concepções malbatahânicas estabelecem uma mobilização interdisciplinar, no intuito de pensar, elaborar e decidir quais propostas e intervenções podem ser aplicadas a partir de um trabalho interativo e dialógico da Matemática com a Literatura, assim como destas com as demais áreas do saber. / The main objective of this work was to rescue, implement and evaluate the educational practice of Júlio César de Mello e Souza, Malba Tahan pseudonym, and interdisciplinarity as a possible way to start understanding the mathematical concepts in early childhood education, overcoming the difficulties of teaching math in the 5th year of elementar school and promote internal continuing education of teachers from kindergarten and elementary school of the Institute of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Salesian Schools Network), located in Guaratingueta, Brazil. Taking as inspiration the communicativecritical research methodology, this work has observations and communicative records of the participants main data collection instruments; It involves a quantitative and qualitative analysis, in partnership with teachers and students of classes from kindergarten and elementary school investigated the school. Under the results of this study it is possible to assess whether the learning of mathematics can be developed by Malba Tahan literature rescuing his literary and pedagogical legacy and linking it to current concepts or not. Thus, the results show that malbatahânicas conceptions establish an interdisciplinar mobilization in order to think, prepare and decide which proposals and interventions can be applied from an interactive and dialogical work of mathematics and literature, as well as those with other areas of knowledge.

O brincar é uma forma pela qual a criança pode expressar seus desejos, construir situações e estabelecer relações entre os objetos, com os outros e com o mundo. É pelo brincar também que a criança se movimenta e explora suas capacidades motoras. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a frequência de ações motoras, interação social e tipos de brincadeiras desempenhadas pelas crianças durante o brincar livre na brinquedoteca. Quarenta e duas crianças entre 4 e 5 anos foram observadas de forma individual, in loco, durante um período de tempo de 10 minutos, no brincar livre numa brinquedoteca. Foi verificado que as crianças realizam mais ações manipulativas (52,27%), seguidas por ações locomotoras (31,56%) e por fim ações de estabilidade (16,17%). As ações mais apresentadas pelos meninos sequencialmente foram: ações manipulativas finas, parados um momento sem ação, correr, andar e conduzir. As meninas apresentaram ações manipulativas finas, segurar, paradas, andar e engatinhar. Em relação aos brinquedos, as crianças utilizaram aproximadamente em metade do tempo e quando utilizaram foram: carrinhos, utensílios domésticos e bonecos(as). Os tipos de brincadeiras ocorreram com esses brinquedos, mas também permaneciam paradas, não apresentaram brincadeiras, seguido de miscelânea. Tanto os meninos quanto as meninas permaneceram na maioria do tempo sozinhos, sendo que as meninas permaneciam com uma menina e os meninos com um ou dois meninos. O teste estatístico Correlação de Spearman (rho) apresentou que a escolha do brinquedo influenciou no comportamento motor da criança e que a interação social influencia no tipo de brincadeira. Com as análises dessas variáveis, podemos inferir que a brincadeira é solitária, não há diversificação de brinquedos e que principalmente o contexto influencia na ação motora da criança / Play is the way in which a child can express his/her wishes, build situations and establish relationship among the objects, with the others and the world. Its because of the play that the child moves and explores his/her motor skills. The propose this present study was to analyze the frequency of motor actions, social interaction and types of plays performed by children during free play in the playroom. Forty-two children between 4 and 5 years old were observed individually, in loco, for a period of 10 minutes playing free in a playroom.It was verified that the children hold more manipulative actions (52.27%), followed by locomotors actions (31.56%) and finally actions of stability (16.17%). Major actions presented by the boys were sequentially: fine manipulative actions, stopped for a moment without action, running, walking and leading. The girls also presented fine manipulative actions, stopped, holding, walking and crawling. In relation to the toys, the children used approximately half time with: cars, household items and dolls (for boys and girls). The types of plays occurred with these toys, but remained standing, they did not present plays, followed by miscellaneous. Both boys and girls stayed most of the time alone, and the girls stayed with one girl and the boys with one or two boys.The statistical test Spearman Correlation (rho) showed that the choice of the toy influenced the child\'s motor behavior and that the social interaction influences the type of play. According to the analysis of these variables we can conclude that the play is solitary, there is no diversification of toys and mainly that the context influences the child\'s motor action

This is qualitative study that deals with the subject “reading aloud” and how teachers apply it in the school environment. Reading aloud is, in this study, seen as a moment in which a teacher reads out loud to their students. It’s an activity with the aim of developing kids’ reading comprehension and ability to socialize, as well as a shared experience for all. The aim of the study was to examine how five teachers work with “reading aloud” in their classes, what the purpose behind their usage is and if they use activities in connection to it. The study is based on the theory; a sociocultural perspective and the pedagogical method “learning by doing”. I’ve used qualitative interviews as my data collection method. The sample was made up of five teachers in total, and all of them were from different elementary schools. The results show that the teachers that participated in the study had several purposes behind their usage of “reading aloud” in the classroom. The results also show that activities connected to “reading aloud” are used in different ways. The conclusion is that the aims of “reading aloud” varies and that all of the participants of the study use activities in connection to “reading aloud”.

System justification theorists have proposed that people are motivated to view their political, economic, and social circumstances as desirable, necessary, and fair (e.g., Jost, Nosek & Banaji, 2004). Despite more than 15 years of system justification research, the meaning of fairness within this context has not been investigated directly. Over the past several decades three major criteria have been identified as contributing to people's perceptions of fairness: distributive justice, procedural justice, and one's own idiosyncratic set of personal values. Focusing on the last two, we reasoned that values are represented more abstractly than is information about procedural fairness, and that the relative weight of values versus procedures should increase at higher levels of mental construal. Whereas information about procedures is often seen as providing a basis for the acceptance of undesirable outcomes, judgments based on personal conceptions of right and wrong are considered to be independent from "establishment, convention, rules, or authority" (Skitka & Mullen, 2008, p. 531), and are therefore unlikely to be used in a motivated defense of the status quo. We therefore hypothesized that system justification would be most likely to occur in conditions where procedures are most salient (i.e., at low levels of construal). However, despite using manipulations of the system justification motive that have previously been successful, and working with issues similar to those used in previous work, we were unable to produce the typical system justification pattern of results. Possible reasons for this are discussed. / by Nicholas Martens. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The qualitative research study examined the teacher-student and student-student interactions that took place in two elementary parochial classrooms staffed by teachers nominated as effective by their supervisors. The study also examined relationships, similarities and differences between the teacher-student and student-student interactions. Qualitative data were collected including classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and focus group interviews with students. Results indicated that effective teachers supported their students organizationally through well-organized learning environments ; instructionally by using a variety of instructional scaffolds, strategies and materials while holding students accountable for their learning ; and emotionally by meeting students' needs for belonging and safety. Student-student instructinal and emotional supports reflected most of the elements of teacher-student organizational, instructional and emotional supports but also included some negative interactions not present in teacher-student interactions. Implications for classroom practice, public policy and further research in classroom interactions are given. / by Eudora A. Stephens. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Attachment, a vital part of human life, is defined as a strong emotional bond with a caregiver that is formed through repetitions of behaviors that children adjust to accordingly. One forms a view on relationships that transfers from parents to peers as a result of their internal working model (IWM). A secure attachment can form a healthy model while an insecure one may form an unhealthy, negative model. The present study assesses preadolescents' attachment styles toward their friends and examines whether their attachment styles interact with peers' attachment styles to predict liking of the peers and aggression toward the peers. / by Alexzandria May. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The current study investigated the change in relationship between an aggressor's attachment style (avoidant or preoccupied) and a series of characteristics in their victims' over a school year. Once a semester, participants rated themselves and their classmates on 16 personality characteristics and their aggression levels against other students. Only avoidant girls significantly refined their targets over the course of a school year. They increased their aggression towards girls with low appearance self-efficacy, a high avoidance attachment, high depression, high cross-gender typed behavior, high internalizing behavior, and low global self-worth. / by Ashley M. Miller. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

The purpose of the current study is to examine physiological and behavioral components of emotional regulation and the development of empathy in preschoolers. It also examines how the parents play a role in their child's development of emotional competence. Behavioral and physiological responses were assessed for the children during stories chosen for emotional content (one happy and one sad story for each parent). Maternal and paternal ratings of self-expressivity were collected using the Self- Expressiveness in Family Questionnaire (Halberstadt et al., 1995). Greater vagal suppression occurred during the sad conditions suggesting that negative emotions require more processing strategies. Greater attentional scores were related to the child's RSA and higher resting RSA was associated with great motor restriction. The mothers had higher SEFQ scores than the fathers. Higher maternal positive expressivity, lower maternal total expressivity, and lower paternal positive expressivity scores were related to the children's displays of empathy. / by Kathryn L. Marsh. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Research suggests parental home and school involvement improves multiple outcomes for middle school students, including academic achievement, school engagement, motivation, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviors. Little is known, however, about multilevel factors associated with Latino/a parental involvement in the middle school learning environment. In the current study, multilevel analysis was used to explore student, family, and school factors associated with Latino/a parental involvement. Results from the hierarchical linear modeling analyses found (a) Latino/a parental home and school involvement varied within schools and between schools, (b) student gender, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement were positively associated with parental home involvement, and (c) student gender, problem behavior, prosocial behavior, academic achievement, and family socioeconomic status were positively associated with parental school involvement. Percentages of Latino/a students and low-income students in schools did not significantly moderate the average parental home or school involvement across students and across schools. The results of this study have implications for educators and policy makers to promote Latino/a parent-teacher collaboration in the middle school learning environment.