Children with reading difficulty experience stress in school and may develop negative socio-emotional adjustment. It is unclear what influences some students to experience externalizing patterns and others internalizing patterns. This study investigated the influence of the age of identification of reading difficulties on coping strategies and socio-emotional adjustment. 36 children (ages 9-12) from Winnipeg Schools and Child-Care centres completed measures of coping strategy and socio-emotional adjustment and their parents/guardians reported age of initial reading difficulty. Conditional processing analyses, using percentile bootstrapping, were used to examine mediating effects of coping strategies in the relationship between age-of-identification and socio-emotional adjustment. Results showed children who were identified with reading difficulties in Grade 2 or later were more likely to report using disengagement coping strategies but children identified with reading difficulties before Grade 2 were more likely to report higher internalizing patterns. Evidence for expected mediation by coping strategy was not found. These findings suggest that prolonged experience of reading difficulties is associated with greater risk of developing internalizing problems. Clarifying how age of identification of reading difficulty influences socio-emotional adjustment will help resolve theoretical debates and will help educators/clinicians to better serve students learning to read, and promote struggling readers’ healthy socio-emotional adjustment. / October 2016

Thesis advisor: Anderson J. Franklin / The differential effects of the achievement gap on lower-income youth persist in this country (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2013). Recognition of the role of Out-of-School Time (OST) factors contributing to achievement differences has been growing (Gordon, Bridglall, & Meroe, 2005). As a result, OST programs have been gaining popularity; however, program efficacy varies. Socio-emotional climate represents one area of quality that likely influences student outcomes. Socio-emotional climate was assessed through a custom observation tool from a larger study. Social competence and resilience was the outcome variable as measured by the DESSA-RRE. Factor analysis empirically profiled the socio-emotional climates of 37 summer learning programs from five school districts across the country, resulting in four “GROW” dimensions of socio-emotional climate: (1) Growth-promoting Instruction, (2) Resolve and Focus, (3) Organization, and (4) Warmth. Given the randomized control design of the larger study, variability among the 37 climates was limited. Thus, hierarchical linear regression examined the influence of climate on students’ outcomes. HLR found that the socio-emotional climate explained a statistically significant (R2=0.12, p<0.001, f2=0.14) amount of variance in students’ social competence and resilience, above and beyond demographics alone (􏰀 R2=0.005, p=0.007, f2=0.01). Moderation results were non- significant. Limitations to the study centered on data collection and quantitative methodology. Implications for both counseling psychologists and OST providers were discussed at length, notably supporting programs towards Growth-promoting Instruction. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner&rsquo / s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions.</p> </font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner&rsquo / s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions.</p> </font></p>

Aims Research suggests that people with a learning disability have difficulty processing and interpreting facial expressions of emotion. Emotion recognition is a fundamental skill and impairment in this area may be related to a number of negative, social and functional outcomes including increased frequency of aggressive behaviour, failure of community-based placements and mental illness. This thesis therefore had three aims: to review systematically the evidence for the presence of emotion recognition impairments in adults with a learning disability compared with the non-learning disabled population; to evaluate the emotion specificity hypothesis (which states that people with a learning disability perform less well on emotion recognition tasks as a result of a specific impairment in emotion recognition competence) and to evaluate the relationship between cognitive processing style and emotion recognition in people with a learning disability. Methods The first paper is a systematic review of studies that compared the performance of adults with a learning disability with that of a non-learning disabled control group on tasks of facial emotion recognition. The second paper reports on an empirical study that compared the performance of adults with a learning disability (n = 23) with adults (n = 23) and children (n = 23) without learning disability on tasks of facial emotion recognition and control tasks. The third paper reports further results from the empirical study which looks at cognitive processing style of adults with a learning disability and non-learning disabled children and adults. Results The systematic review found that all of the included studies reported evidence to support the proposal that adults with a learning disability are relatively impaired in recognising facial expressions of emotion. There are significant limitations associated with the research in this area and further studies are required in order to provide insight into the possible causes of emotion recognition deficits in this group of people. In the empirical study, adults with a learning disability were found to be relatively impaired on both emotion recognition and control tasks compared with both adult and child control groups. The availability of contextual information improved emotion recognition accuracy for adults with learning disability. The demands of the task also had an effect: identifying a target emotion from a choice of two images, rather than a choice of nine or naming the emotion also improved accuracy. Adults with learning disability were more likely to adopt a local processing style. A global processing style was associated with greater accuracy on the emotion recognition tasks. Conclusions Adults with learning disability are relatively impaired in facial emotion recognition when compared with non-learning disabled adults and children. This relative impairment was also evident on control tasks and therefore no evidence for the emotion specificity hypothesis was found. A number of issues in relation to future research are raised, specifically regarding the development of control tasks with comparable levels of difficulty to emotion recognition tasks.

Based on existing theories of personality and socio-emotional functioning (e.g. Clark, 2005; Lynch, Hempel & Clark, in press) a new model is proposed and tested. The model hypothesises that (i) temperament (reward and threat sensitivity) and childhood invalidation predict problems with interpersonal functioning, (ii) this effect is mediated by self-regulatory capacity; where self-regulatory capacity comprises self-control (ranging from emotional over-control to emotional under-control) and flexible control and (iii) self-regulatory capacity itself has a quadratic relationship with interpersonal functioning. A UK community sample (n= 512) completed a self-report survey, measuring each of the aforementioned latent variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine the goodness-of-fit of this and variations of this model. SEM identified that a non-mediation model provided the best fit (χ²=49.403, p< 0.001; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.056). Good-fit was obtained for a model including flexible control as a partial mediator (χ²=269.06, p< 0.001; CFI=0.956; RMSEA=0.081) and adequate-fit for a model including over-control as a partial mediator (χ²= 91.744, p < 0.001, CFI=0.932; RMSEA= 0.096). Correlation analyses suggested that over-control and under-control correlated positively with interpersonal problems. Results from SEM provided promising initial evidence for the mediating role of self-regulatory capacity, particularly for the flexible control component. Correlation analyses provided support for the non-linear relationship between self-regulatory capacity and interpersonal functioning, whereby extreme over-control or extreme under-control is associated with interpersonal problems. Findings have implications for identifying mechanisms of change for therapeutic approaches to emotion dysregulation and for understanding the over-controlled population, which has previously been overlooked.

Cette thèse s’articule autour de deux problématiques : l’intégration du contexte socio-émotionnel permet-elle de réduire la sévérité du blâme infligé à l’agresseur (approche life-span) ? Comment les genres de l’agresseur et de la victime sont intégrés dans le jugement de blâme des pré-adolescents, adolescents et adultes jeunes. Enfin, est-ce que le facteur genre influence l’intégration du contexte socio-émotionnel ? Les résultats montrent que le contexte socio-émotionnel est intégré différemment en fonction de l’âge (enfants, pré-adolescents, adolescents, adultes jeunes, adultes moyens et adultes âgés), et il semble être plus difficile d’intégrer le contexte socio-émotionnel que les intentions ou les conséquences. L’accès aux processus identificatoires semble nécessaire pour intégrer ce facteur de manière multiplicative. Le genre est également intégré dans le jugement de blâme dès l’adolescence, et ce facteur module l’intégration du contexte socio-émotionnel. Ces données vont dans le sens de la littérature : les incivilités quotidiennes à priori non liées au genre peuvent être nuancées en fonction des genres des protagonistes. Ainsi, le contexte socio-émotionnel et le genre sont des circonstances atténuantes et l’intégration de ces facteurs n’est pas le même à différents âges de la vie. / This thesis revolves around two problematics. How is the socio-emotional context integrated in the judgment of blame, in order to reduce the sanction given to the perpetrator (life-span approach)? How is gender -the perpetrator’s and the victim’s- integrated in the judgment of blame of preadolescents, adolescents and young adults? Eventually, does the gender factor have an influence on the integration of the socio-emotional context? Results showed that socio-emotional context is not integrated in the same way depending on participants’ age. Multiplicative algebra develops later compared with the integration of intention and consequence. It seems that it is more difficult to integrate socio-emotional contexts than intention or consequence in the judgment of blame. Moreover, a sufficient cognitive level and no lack of identification processes are needed to be able to integrate socio-emotional context and consequences multiplicatively. Gender is also integrated in the judgment of blame as soon as adolescence –with less severity towards girls– and this factor has an influence on the integration of socio-emotional context. These data are congruent with the literature: daily incivilities that are not related to gender can be mitigated depending on the gender of protagonists. To conclude, this doctoral thesis allowed to complete research on the extension of judgment of blame: socio-emotional context and gender are mitigating circumstances in judgment of blame. The integration of those factors is not the same depending on age.

RESUMO Marleta-Iezzi, F. T. (2013) Adolescentes em tratamento psiquiátrico: um estudo fenomenológico das vivências em seus relacionamentos sócio-afetivo-sexuais. Dissertação de Mestrado Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Na presente dissertação buscamos situar e (re)conhecer o fenômeno das vivências dos relacionamentos sócio-afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes submetidos a tratamento psiquiátrico, por compreender que a adolescência é caracterizada por um complexo processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento biopsicossocial e está inserida no contexto sócio-histórico atual, o qual apresenta uma configuração de incertezas, rápidas transformações, ideologia consumista e hedonista, ressoando na constituição psíquica dos(as) adolescentes, bem como em seus relacionamentos sócio-afetivo-sexuais. Neste sentido, suas vivências mundanas podem acarretar intenso sofrimento emocional, desencadeando a necessidade de tratamento psiquiátrico. Partindo desta premissa, realizamos esta pesquisa com 10 adolescentes, sendo 5 do sexo feminino e 5 do masculino, com idades entre 13 e 19 anos, submetidos(as) a tratamento psiquiátrico, objetivando compreender como estes(as) adolescentes vivenciam suas relações intrafamiliares, sociais e afetivo-sexuais. Utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa fenomenológica, centrada na redução, e nos baseamos em fenomenológos como Karl Jaspers, Arthur Tatossian, Virgínia Moreira e Claudio Lyra Bastos, entre outros autores, que explicitam a importância do conhecimento das experiências e significações que a pessoa faz de suas vivências, para compreendê-la em sua totalidade. Como estratégia de coleta de dados, utilizamos a entrevista compreensiva fenomenológica mediada pela seguinte questão: Fale a respeito de sua infância e de sua adolescência, relacionando-as aos seus relacionamentos intrafamiliares, escolares, afetivo-sexuais e ao seu tratamento aqui no ambulatório. A análise dos relatos seguiu os seguintes passos: leitura e releitura para apreensão do sentido do todo; discriminação das unidades de significado e elaboração de categorias; transformação em linguagem psicológica; identificação das convergências e divergências, elaborando uma síntese descritiva. Foram destacadas as seguintes categorias de significados: Mundo-da-vida na infância nos horizontes das relações intrafamiliares; Mundo-da-vida nos relacionamentos sociais; Mundo-da-vida nos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais; Horizontes das vivências de sentimentos dolorosos. A análise compreensivo-interpretativa indicou relações intrafamiliares, em sua maioria, conturbadas, sendo as mães as principais cuidadoras dos(as) filhos(as) e sobrecarregadas em suas jornadas de trabalho intra e extrafamiliares, enquanto os pais mostraram ser ausentes, negligentes e, em alguns casos, violentos contribuindo para prejuízos no desenvolvimento psíquico dos(as) adolescentes, bem como em seus relacionamentos sociais e afetivo-sexuais. Além disso, encontramos experiências de bullying nas relações com os pares e com as autoridades escolares, afetando o aprendizado acadêmico e a autoestima dos(as) adolescentes. Estas vivências intrafamiliares e sociais repercutem nos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais, que associados à falta de diálogo e orientação sobre sexualidade, evidenciaram sofrer influências da mídia, além de apresentar conflitos entre os modelos tradicional-patricarcal-religioso e a cultura atual de experimentação sexual e busca por prazer, com prejuízos na autoimagem acarretando dificuldades no estabelecimento de vínculos e na formação da identidade. Assim, nos horizontes das vivências de sofrimento emocional compreendemos que as psicopatologias são produto das experiências nas inter-relações, acrescendo-se às características genéticas, que dificultam a vivência autêntica. Portanto, faz-se necessário maior preparo dos profissionais da saúde e das escolas, além de ser fundamental o desenvolvimento de programas assistenciais às famílias, possibilitando orientação e suporte social e psicológico, para o estabelecimento de diálogo e compreensão entre seus membros, auxiliando os(as) adolescentes nesta fase tão importante da vida. / ABSTRACT Marleta-Iezzi, F. T. (2013) Adolescents in psychiatric treatment: a phenomenological study of the experiences of their relationships socio-emotional-sexual. Dissertação de Mestrado Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. The present work seeks to situate and recognize the phenomenon of the experiences at the relationships socio-affective-sexual of adolescents undergoing psychiatric treatment, by understanding that adolescence is characterized by a complex process of growth and development biopsychosocial and is inserted into the current socio-historical context, which presents a setting of uncertainty, rapid changes, hedonistic and consumerist ideology, echoing the psychic constitution of adolescents and in their relationships socio-emotional-sexual. In this sense, his mundane experiences can cause intense emotional pain, triggering the need for psychiatric treatment. In this sense, his mundane experiences can cause intense emotional pain, triggering the need for psychiatric treatment. Setting from this premises, we conducted this study with 10 adolescents, 5 female and 5 male, aged between 13 and 19 years undergoing psychiatric treatment, objectifying understand how these adolescents perceive their family, social and emotional-sexual relationships. We use the phenomenological qualitative methodology, focused on reducing, supported by phenomenologists as Karl Jaspers, Arthur Tatossian, Virginia Moreira and Claudio Lyra Bastos, among others, which explain the importance of understanding the experiences and meanings that the person makes of their experiences, to understand it in its entirety. As a strategy for data collection, we used the interview phenomenological understanding mediated by the following question: \"Tell me about your childhood and your adolescence, relating them to your relationships within the family, school, emotional-sexual and your treatment here at the clinic.\" Analysis of the reports involved the following steps: reading and rereading to grasp the meaning of the whole; identifying the units of the meaning; transformation in psychological language, identification of convergences and divergences, producing a descriptive summary. We highlighted the following categories of meaning: World-of-life childhood in the horizons of family relationships; World-of-life in social relationships; World-of-life in affective and sexual relationships; Horizons of the experiences of painful feelings. The comprehensive-interpretative analysis indicated family relationships mostly troubled, with mothers being the primary caregivers of children and overburdened in their working hours intra and extra family while their parents were shown to be absent, negligent and, in some cases, violent contributing damage to the psychological development of adolescents as well as in their social and emotional-sexual relationships. Furthermore, we find experiences of bullying in relationships with peers and school authorities, affecting academic learning, self-esteem and self-image of adolescents. These family and social experiences affect the affective and sexual relationships, which together with the lack of dialogue and guidance on sexuality, evidenced suffer media influences and present conflicts between models patricarcal-traditional-religious and the current culture of sexual experimentation and search for pleasure, damage to self-image leading to difficulty in establishing linkages and the formation of identity. Thus, the horizons of the experiences of emotional distress show that psychopathologies are the product of experience in interrelations, adding to the genetic characteristics, which damages the experience authentic. Therefore, it is necessary to better preparation of health and schools professionals, as well as being fundamental to the development assistance programs to families, providing guidance and social and psychological support for the establishment of dialogue and understanding among its members, helping teens at this stage of life, which is so important.

In Part A of this ethnography, I explain how my life experiences have shaped who I am and why I want to be a teacher. In Part B, I describe my experience of working with three focus students—an English learner, a student with a 504 Plan, and a student with significant life experience. My work with these students allowed me to learn of their strengths and assets, and areas of need. Based on the knowledge that I compiled over the course of the Fall Semester 2018, I created an action plan to help each student improve his/her academic standing and socio-emotional well-being. In Part C, I identify and evaluate the assets of the school and the community in which my students live, and how such assets help students thrive. I also assess the challenges that both the school and community face, and their continuous efforts to overcome them. In Part D, I reflect on my first year of teaching to assess my instructional practices, and I evaluate the progress made by my whole class, and more specifically my focus students.

<p>The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner&rsquo / s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions.</p>