L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’influence spécifique et combinée du contexte de violence conjugale sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants âgés de 5 ans et demi à 12 ans, et d’examiner leurs représentations de la violence et de leurs relations familiales. Notre étude s’appuie sur le modèle de la sécurité émotionnelle de Cummings et Davies (1994). Dans cette perspective, notre échantillon se compose de 32 mères et de 46 enfants âgés de 5 ans et demi à 12 ans, vivant en contexte de violence conjugale. Les mères ont renseigné trois questionnaires qui évaluent l’intensité de la violence conjugale à l’aide du « Conflict Tactic Scale II » (Cyr, Fortin & Chénier, 1997), l’adaptation socio-affective de leur enfant par le questionnaire « Children Behavior Checklist » (Achenbach, 1991), ainsi qu’un questionnaire de renseignements généraux. Les enfants ont, quant à eux, renseigné quatre questionnaires qui permettent de saisir leurs perceptions de la violence avec le « Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict » (Cyr & Fortin, 2001), le processus de parentification grâce au « Parentification Questionnaire Youth » (Fortin, 2005), les conflits de loyauté à l’aide du « questionnaire des conflits de loyauté » (Fortin, 2005) et les symptômes de stress post-traumatique avec le « Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children » (Briere, 1989). Enfin, le « Systemic Analysis of Group Affiliation » (Compagnone, 2009) a été utilisé avec les enfants afin de saisir leurs représentions de la cohésion et du pouvoir au sein de la famille. Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence que la moitié des enfants présentent des problèmes extériorisés et 82,6% des problèmes intériorisés. Le degré de l’exposition à la violence de l’enfant influence ses représentations de la cohésion familiale, son sentiment de menace et de blâme, ses conflits de loyauté et la présence de certains symptômes de stress post-traumatique. Les représentations de l’enfant sur la violence et les relations familiales, telles que la parentification, le sentiment de blâme, les conflits de loyauté et les représentations de la cohésion et du pouvoir dans la famille, sont prédictives de la présence de symptômes de stress post-traumatique et de troubles de l’adaptation socio-affective. L’effet modulateur de la représentation du pouvoir et de la cohésion familiale, ainsi que les représentations de la violence et les conflits de loyauté ont été mis en évidence. Enfin, plus de la moitié des enfants de l’échantillon, en plus d’être exposés à la violence conjugale, ont aussi été directement maltraités, et les conséquences relevées sont d’autant plus majorées. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus nous permet de proposer des perspectives de recherche et des pistes d’intervention. / The aim of this research is to study the influence of specific and combined context of domestic violence on socio-emotional development of children aged between 5 and a half to 12 and to consider their representations of violence and their family relationships. Our study is based on the model of emotional security Cummings and Davies (1994). With this in mind, our sample consists of 32 mothers and 46 children aged 5 and a half to 12, living in a context of domestic violence. The mothers have filled in three questionnaires assessing first, the intensity of domestic violence using the « Conflict Tactic Scale II » (Cyr, Fortin & Chénier, 1997), the socio-emotional adaptation of their children with the questionnaire « Children Behavior Checklist » (Achenbach, 1991) and then, a general information questionnaire. As for the children, they have filled in four questionnaires that allow to understand their perceptions of violence with « Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict » (Cyr & Fortin, 2001), the process of parentification through the « Parentification Questionnaire Youth » (Fortin 2001), loyalty conflicts with the « loyalty conflicts questionnaire » (Fortin, 2005) and post-traumatic stress symptoms with « Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children » (Briere, 1989). Finally, the « Systemic Analysis of Group Affiliation » (Compagnone, 2009) has been used with the children to understand their representations of cohesion and power within their families.The main results show that half of the children have externalizing problems and 82.6% internalizing problems. The degree of exposure to child abuse influences his representations of family cohesion, his feeling of threat and blames, his loyalty conflicts and the presence of certain symptoms of PTSD. The children’s representations of violence and family relationships, such as parentification, the feeling of blame, loyalty conflicts and the representations of cohesion and power in the family, are predictive of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders and social-emotional adjustment. The modulating effect of the representation of power and family cohesion, as well as depictions of violence and conflicts of loyalty have been highlighted. Finally, more than half of the children in this sample, have been exposed to domestic violence but also to direct abuse, that’s why the consequences underlined are all the more important. All these results allow us to propose research perspectives and methods of interventions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maristela Volpe dos Santos.pdf: 2010500 bytes, checksum: a182278cfb75a4239a90e540e619774b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The socio-emotional skills also called socio-emotional competencies, have been increasingly highlighted in international scientific literature, given its influence on several indicators of school, personal and professional success. Considering that in the international scientific context this issue is in evidence and that, in Brazil, studies in this area are still very incipient, this research aimed to developing a scale to identify socio-emotional skills in children and adolescents focused in rating by parents / caregivers. The research consisted of three phases. First, 83 parents / caregivers of children and adolescents aged from 10 to 14 years old responded to three open-ended questions that focused on behaviors and characteristics of children and adolescents. From the responses we sought to identify the characteristics most commonly cited by participants, which resulted in a list of 211 adjectives. Then this list was referred to analysis of five judges, four students and one teacher graduate, to assess their adequacy. This objective consisted in Study 2, which aimed to search for evidence of validity based on content.The task consisted in the classification of each of the adjectives in the model of the big five personality factors (openness to experience, extroversion, agreableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism) also judging which factor and pole (positive or negative) the adjective meant. The analysis of the percentage of agreement as well as the calculation of Kappa coefficient indicated that, in a first round of analysis, 58.3% of adjectives showed perfect agreement or substantial (over 80%), being suitable. A second round of analysis was performed as the results did not indicate five adjectives for each pole and factor as desired. A list of 50 adjectives was, thus, obtained, ten belonging to each factor of the adopted character model, five of a negative character and five of a positive one. Subsequently, the Study 3 was conducted, which consisted in preparing items for a first version of the scale. A sentence being built for each selected descriptor in Study 2 was made. A proposal for a Likert scale was prepared, and the instrumental is now ready to have their psychometric properties investigated in future studies. / As habilidades socioemocionais, tamb?m chamadas de compet?ncias socioemocionais, t?m sido, cada vez mais, destacadas na literatura cient?fica internacional, dada sua influ?ncia em diversos indicadores de sucesso escolar, pessoal e profissional. Considerando-se que, no ?mbito cient?fico internacional essa tem?tica est? em evid?ncia e que, no Brasil, estudos nessa ?rea ainda s?o bastante incipientes, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a elabora??o de uma escala para identifica??o de compet?ncias socioemocionais em crian?as e adolescentes voltadas a pais/cuidadores. A pesquisa foi composta por tr?s fases. Na primeira delas, 83 pais/cuidadores de crian?as e adolescentes na faixa et?ria de 10 a 14 anos responderam a tr?s perguntas abertas que versavam sobre comportamentos e caracter?sticas de crian?as e adolescentes. A partir das respostas obtidas buscou-se a identifica??o das caracter?sticas mais comumente citadas pelos participantes, as quais deram origem a uma lista de 211 adjetivos. Em seguida, a lista de adjetivos foi encaminhada para an?lise de cinco ju?zes, quatro estudantes e um professor de p?s-gradua??o, para verifica??o da sua adequa??o, cujo objetivo consistiu no Estudo 2, de busca por evid?ncias de validade baseada no conte?do. A tarefa consistiu na classifica??o de cada um dos adjetivos no modelo dos cinco fatores de personalidade (abertura a experi?ncia, extrovers?o, amabilidade, conscienciosidade e neuroticismo) julgando a qual fator e polo (positivo ou negativo), o adjetivo se referia. A an?lise da porcentagem de concord?ncia, assim como o c?lculo do coeficiente Kappa indicou que, em uma primeira rodada de an?lise, 58,3% dos adjetivos apresentaram concord?ncia perfeita ou substancial (acima de 80%), mostrando-se adequados. Uma segunda rodada de an?lise foi realizada visto que os resultados n?o indicaram cinco adjetivos para cada polo e fator, como almejado. Obteve-se, assim, uma lista com 50 adjetivos, sendo dez pertencente a cada fator do modelo de personalidade adotado, cinco com car?ter negativo e cinco com car?ter positivo. Posteriormente, o estudo 3 foi conduzido, o qual constituiu-se na elabora??o de descritores para uma primeira vers?o da escala, tendo-se constru?do uma frase para cada descritor selecionado no estudo 2. Uma proposta de escala likert foi elaborada, sendo que o instrumental encontra-se, agora, pronto para ter suas qualidades psicom?tricas investigadas em estudos futuros.

Depuis quelques années, les parents développent un intérêt grandissant et précoce pour la scolarité de leur enfant dès son jeune âge. Dans une perspective exploratoire, les objectifs de la présente étude consistent à repérer certains processus liés à l’éducation familiale qui favorisent l’adaptation socio-affective et l’intégration scolaire du jeune enfant. Le recueil de données s’est déroulé en trois phases pendant l’année scolaire 2007-2008. Les participants et les outils d’investigation varient en fonction des étapes. Pour l’étape 1, les parents (N=215) ont rempli un questionnaire sur l’accompagnement éducatif. Lors de l’étape 2, les parents et les enseignants ont complété le questionnaire PSA (version parent en cours de validation et version enseignant de Dumas, Lafreniere, Capuano, & Durning, 1997) pour établir le niveau d’adaptation socio-affective des enfants (N=59, 28 garçons et 31 filles). Pour l’étape 3, le Boehm-R (Boehm-R, 1989), une épreuve sur les compétences de base à acquérir en grande section, a permis d’évaluer les compétences scolaires des enfants en fin d’année scolaire (N=53, 24 garçons et 29 filles). La consultation de leur livret d’évaluation a permis d’obtenir des renseignements sur les acquisitions de chaque enfant/élève au cours de l’année scolaire. Les résultats démontrent une tendance d’homogénéisation de l’accompagnement éducatif paternel et maternel, même si des différences paternelles et maternelles sont constatées en fonction du niveau d’études du parent, du sexe et du rang de l’enfant, ainsi que du nombre d’enfants dans la fratrie. Par ailleurs, le sexe de l’enfant n’affecte ni son adaptation socio-affective ni ses compétences scolaires. Des liens entre l’affectivité du jeune enfant avec le score au Boehm-R sont constatés, alors que certaines dimensions de l’accompagnement éducatif du père et de la mère ont un impact sur l’adaptation socio-affective ou les compétences scolaires de l’enfant. Même si nous préconisons une certaine vigilance quant à l’interprétation des résultats de cette étude, cette dernière démontre, d’une part, la combinaison complexe des facteurs individuels et socio-économiques sur les composantes de l’accompagnement éducatif parental et, d’autre part, de l’accompagnement éducatif parental sur le développement socio-affectif et scolaire du jeune enfant. / Parents have developed an increasing interest for their child’s schooling during these past few years. The present study tries to understand family education processes which promote the socio-emotional adaptation and school skills of young children.Data has been collected during the school year 2007-2008. Participants and investigative tools vary according to the stages of the research. For the first part, parents (N=215) complete a questionnaire about their educational support towards their child. During the second part, parents and teachers complete the PSA questionnaire (parent’s version is still in validation and teacher’s version developed by Dumas, Lafreniere, Capuano, and Durning, 1997). The socio-emotional adaptation of the child (N=59, 28 boys and 31 girls) was established. For the third part, the children perform the Boehm-R test (Boehm-R, 1989) which evaluates the basic skills that a child must acquired at the end of the kindergarten (N = 53, 24 boys and 29 girls). The consultation of the booklet assessment of each child/young student yielded information on their acquisitions during the school year.The results show a trend of homogenization of paternal and maternal educational support, although paternal and maternal differences are observed depending on the level of education of the parent, the sex and birth order of the child, as well as on the sibling.However, the sex of the child does not affect his socio-emotional adjustment or academic skills. Links between the emotions of the young child with the Boehm-R score are established, while some aspects of educational support of the father and mother have an impact on the socio-emotional adjustment and academic skills of the child.Though vigilance is recommended while interpreting the results of this study, it demonstrates, on one hand, the complex combination of individual and socio-economic components of the parental educational support and, on the other hand, the educational support of parent in socio-emotional development and academics skills of young children.

Studien är en kvalitativ studie med en hermeneutisk fenomenologisk ansats. Syftet med studien är att förstå och beskriva hur sju förskollärare upplever sitt arbete med barn i behov av särskilt stöd i förskolan. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna upplever att de arbetar med barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Samtliga respondenter berättar om barn som har behov av särskilt stöd av socioemotionell karaktär. De beskriver att de arbetar med barn som har svårt att kommunicera, att koncentrera sig, att styra sina impulser och som behöver stöd i sitt samspel och sina relationer med andra barn och vuxna. Förskollärarna berättar att de har funderingar över vilka barn som egentligen är barn i behov av särskilt stöd. De tydliggör att alla barn har olika behov och förutsättningar. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna har strategier för att möta barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Strategier som de lyfter som framgångsrika är att skapa närhet och trygghet, att fånga intresse och motivation, att stötta i leken, att skapa tydlighet och struktur, att arbeta med mindre barngrupper, att ta vara på utemiljön samt att samverka inom och utanför arbetslaget. Respondenterna menar att dessa strategier gynnar alla barn i barngruppen. Resultatet visar också att förskollärarna upplever en del svårigheter kring att möta barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Svårigheter som de lyfter är att barngrupper är stora, att personaltätheten är låg, att barnet lätt blir syndabock, att det brister i anknytningen och att det brister i samverkan. / The study is a qualitative study with a hermeneutic, phenomenological approach. The purpose of the study is too understand and describe how seven preschool teachers experience their efforts with children in need of special support in the preschool. The study’s results show that the preschool teachers believe that they work with children in need of special support. All respondents report about children in need of special support of socio emotional nature. They describe that they work with children with troubles communicating, concentrating, control impulses, and who needs support in their relationships with other children and with grown-ups. The preschool teachers acknowledge that they contemplate which children that really are children in need of special support. They highlight that every child have different needs and pre-conditions. The results of the study show that the preschool teachers have strategies in their efforts with children in need of special support. Strategies which are brought forward and considered successful include to create closeness and safety, to capture interest and motivation, to support the children’s play, to create clearness and structure, to work with small groups of children, to benefit from the outdoor environment, and to cooperate within and between teams. The respondents think these strategies benefit all children in the children’s group. The results also show that the preschool teachers experience some difficulties related to supporting children in need of special support. Difficulties brought forward include too large children’s groups, too few staff members, the tendency to make a child into a scapegoat, flaws in connection and flaws in the interaction.

<p><b><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">As organisations struggle to meet the demands placed on them by contextual challenges, they place more emphasis on relationships for effective organisational functioning. Trust is a critical component of workplace relationships and has been linked to numerous beneficial organisational outcomes. However, as trust is difficult for organisations to influence directly, Perceived Organisational Support may encompass a set of actions organisations can take that directly create workplace trust. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between workplace trust and Perceived Organisational Support. Workplace trust was examined as a three-dimensional model, with the trust referent (Organisation, Immediate Manager, Co-Workers) forming each dimension. Perceived Organisational Support was examined as a two-dimensional model, based on performance-reward expectancies (&ldquo / Contribution&rdquo / ) or socio-emotional need fulfilment (&ldquo / Well-being&rdquo / ). A multi-method survey methodology yielded n = 212 participants in a South African organisation. The consolidated questionnaire sought biographical information from the sample as well as their responses to the Workplace Trust Survey and the Survey of Perceived Organisational Support. The reliability coefficients of the Workplace Trust Survey, Survey of Perceived Organisational Support and each of the dimensions were established as sufficient. Next, Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a three-dimensional factor structure for workplace trust and a two-dimensional factor structure for Perceived Organisational Support can&nbsp / and should be used in a South African sample. Correlation analysis indicated a significant, positive relationship between each dimension of workplace trust and both of the dimensions of Perceived Organisational Support. Regression analysis confirmed that Perceived Organisational Support contributes to a significant proportion of the variance in workplace trust. However, there was one exception: The Contribution dimension of Perceived Organisational Support did not contribute significantly to Trust in Co-workers. This research, based on a South African sample, confirms much of the previous international research into the relationship between Perceived Organisational Support and workplace trust. In addition, it makes two new contributions to the field. First, it found that Perceived Organisational Support can and should be considered a two-dimensional construct in a South African sample. This is in contrast with international studies that indicate a uni-dimensional construct for Perceived Organisational Support. Second, by using the two-dimensional Perceived Organisational Support construct, it found that only the Well-being, and not the Contribution, dimension of Perceived Organisational Support had a significant, positive impact on workplace trust.</p> </font></b></p>

<p><b><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">As organisations struggle to meet the demands placed on them by contextual challenges, they place more emphasis on relationships for effective organisational functioning. Trust is a critical component of workplace relationships and has been linked to numerous beneficial organisational outcomes. However, as trust is difficult for organisations to influence directly, Perceived Organisational Support may encompass a set of actions organisations can take that directly create workplace trust. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between workplace trust and Perceived Organisational Support. Workplace trust was examined as a three-dimensional model, with the trust referent (Organisation, Immediate Manager, Co-Workers) forming each dimension. Perceived Organisational Support was examined as a two-dimensional model, based on performance-reward expectancies (&ldquo / Contribution&rdquo / ) or socio-emotional need fulfilment (&ldquo / Well-being&rdquo / ). A multi-method survey methodology yielded n = 212 participants in a South African organisation. The consolidated questionnaire sought biographical information from the sample as well as their responses to the Workplace Trust Survey and the Survey of Perceived Organisational Support. The reliability coefficients of the Workplace Trust Survey, Survey of Perceived Organisational Support and each of the dimensions were established as sufficient. Next, Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a three-dimensional factor structure for workplace trust and a two-dimensional factor structure for Perceived Organisational Support can&nbsp / and should be used in a South African sample. Correlation analysis indicated a significant, positive relationship between each dimension of workplace trust and both of the dimensions of Perceived Organisational Support. Regression analysis confirmed that Perceived Organisational Support contributes to a significant proportion of the variance in workplace trust. However, there was one exception: The Contribution dimension of Perceived Organisational Support did not contribute significantly to Trust in Co-workers. This research, based on a South African sample, confirms much of the previous international research into the relationship between Perceived Organisational Support and workplace trust. In addition, it makes two new contributions to the field. First, it found that Perceived Organisational Support can and should be considered a two-dimensional construct in a South African sample. This is in contrast with international studies that indicate a uni-dimensional construct for Perceived Organisational Support. Second, by using the two-dimensional Perceived Organisational Support construct, it found that only the Well-being, and not the Contribution, dimension of Perceived Organisational Support had a significant, positive impact on workplace trust.</p> </font></b></p>

Le Traitement Automatique de la Parole (TAP) s’intéresse de plus en plus et progresse techniquement en matière d’étendue de vocabulaire, de gestion de complexité morphosyntaxique, de style et d’esthétique de la parole humaine. L’Affective Computing tend également à intégrer une dimension « émotionnelle » dans un objectif commun au TAP visant à désambiguïser le langage naturel et augmenter la naturalité de l’interaction personne-machine. Dans le cadre de la robotique sociale, cette interaction est modélisée dans des systèmes d’interaction, de dialogue, qui tendent à engendrer une dimension d’attachement dont les effets doivent être éthiquement et collectivement contrôlés. Or la dynamique du langage humain situé met à mal l’efficacité des systèmes automatiques. L’hypothèse de cette thèse propose dans la dynamique des interactions, il existerait une « glu socio-affective » qui ferait entrer en phases synchroniques deux individus dotés chacun d’un rôle social impliqué dans une situation/contexte d’interaction. Cette thèse s'intéresse à des dynamiques interactionnelles impliquant spécifiquement des processus altruistes, orthogonale à la dimension de dominance. Cette glu permettrait ainsi de véhiculer les événements langagiers entre les interlocuteurs, en modifiant constamment leur relation et leur rôle, qui eux même viennent à modifier cette glu, afin d’assurer la continuité de la communication. La seconde hypothèse propose que la glu socio-affective se construise à partir d’une « prosodie socio-affective pure » que l’on peut retrouver dans certaines formes de micro-expressions vocales. L’effet de ces événements langagiers serait alors graduel en fonction du degré de contrôle d’intentionnalité communicative qui s’observerait successivement par des primitives langagières : 1) des bruits de bouche (non phonétiques, non phonologiques), 2) des sons prélexicaux, 3) des interjections/onomatopées, 4) des imitations à contenu lexical contrôlé. Une méthodologie living-lab est ainsi développée au sein de la plateforme Domus, sur des boucles agiles et itératives co-construites avec les partenaires industriels et sociétaux. Un Magicien d’Oz – EmOz – est utilisé afin de contrôler les primitives vocales comme unique support langagier d’un robot majordome d’un habitat intelligent interagissant avec des personnes âgées en isolement relationnel. Un large corpus, EmOz Elderly Expressions –EEE– est ainsi recueilli. Cet isolement relationnel permet méthodologiquement d’appréhender les dimensions de la glu socio-affective, en introduisant une situation contrastive dégradée de la glu. Les effets des primitives permettraient alors d’observer les comportements de l’humain à travers des indices multimodaux. Les enjeux sociétaux abordés par la gérontechnologie montrent que l’isolement est un facteur de fragilisation où la qualité de la communication délite le maillage relationnel des personnes âgées alors que ces liens sont bénéfiques à sa santé et son bien-être. L’émergence de la robotique d’assistance en est une illustration. Le système automatisé qui découlera des données et des analyses de cette étude permettrait alors d’entraîner les personnes à solliciter pleinement leurs mécanismes de construction relationnelle, afin de redonner l’envie de communiquer avec leur entourage humain. Les analyses du corpus EEE recueilli montrent une évolution de la relation à travers différents indices interactionnels, temporellement organisés. Ces paramètres visent à être intégrés dans une perspective de système de dialogue incrémental – SASI. Les prémisses de ce système sont proposées dans un prototype de reconnaissance de la parole dont la robustesse ne dépendra pas de l’exactitude du contenu langagier reconnu, mais sur la reconnaissance du degré de glu, soit de l’état relationnel entre les locuteurs. Ainsi, les erreurs de reconnaissance tendraient à être compensées par l’intelligence socio-affective adaptative de ce système dont pourrait être doté le robot. / The Natural Language Processing (NLP) has technically improved regarding human speech vocabulary extension, morphosyntax scope, style and aesthetic. Affective Computing also tends to integrate an “emotional” dimension with a common goal shared with NLP which is to disambiguate the natural language and increase the human-machine interaction naturalness. Within social robotics, the interaction is modelled in dialogue systems trying to reach out an attachment dimension which effects need to an ethical and collective control. However, the situated natural language dynamics is undermining the automated system’s efficiency, which is trying to respond with useful and suitable feedbacks. This thesis hypothesis supposes the existence of a “socio-affective glue” in every interaction, set up in between two individuals, each with a social role depending on a communication context. This glue is so the consequence of dynamics generated by a process which mechanisms rely on an altruistic dimension, but independent of dominance dimension as seen in emotions studies. This glue would allow the exchange of the language events between interlocutors, by regularly modifying their relation and their role, which is changing themselves this glue, to ensure the communication continuity. The second hypothesis proposes the glue as built by “socio-affective pure prosody” forms that enable this relational construction. These cues are supposed to be carried by hearable and visible micro-expressions. The interaction events effect would also be gradual following the degree of the communication’s intentionality control. The graduation will be continuous through language primitives as 1) mouth noises (neither phonetics nor phonological sounds), 2) pre-lexicalised sounds, 3) interjections and onomatopoeias, 4) controlled command-based imitations with the same socio-affective prosody supposed to create and modify the glue. Within the Domus platform, we developed an almost living-lab methodology. It functions on agile and iterative loops co-constructed with industrial and societal partners. A wizard of oz approach – EmOz – is used to control the vocal primitives proposed as the only language tools of a Smart Home butler robot interacting with relationally isolated elderly. The relational isolation allows the dimensions the socio-affective glue in a contrastive situation where it is damaged. We could thus observe the primitives’ effects through multimodal language cues. One of the gerontechnology social motivation showed the isolation to be a phenomenon amplifying the frailty so can attest the emergence of assistive robotics. A vicious circle leads by the elderly communicational characteristics convey them to some difficulties to maintain their relational tissue while their bonds are beneficial for their health and well-being. If the proposed primitives could have a real effect on the glue, the automated system will be able to train the persons to regain some unfit mechanisms underlying their relational construction, and so possibly increase their desire to communicate with their human social surroundings. The results from the collected EEE corpus show the relation changes through various interactional cues, temporally organised. These denoted parameters tend to build an incremental dialogue system in perspectives – SASI. The first steps moving towards this system reside on a speech recognition prototype which robustness is not based on the accuracy of the recognised language content but on the possibility to identify the glue degree (i.e. the relational state) between the interlocutors. Thus, the recognition errors avoid the system to be rejected by the user, by tempting to be balanced by this system’s adaptive socio-affective intelligence.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels. Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non. / The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals. With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999). The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

Submitted by Juliana Camargo (juliana.camargo@fgv.br) on 2017-06-20T18:32:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_JulianaCamargo_deposito.pdf: 710664 bytes, checksum: d23c73a7672666813e5e6bce333fabd8 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Juliana, As primeiras páginas do trabalho em português, língua de acordo com a instituição/país somente o título do trabalho em inglês e a palavra agradecimento em caixa alta. Grata. Suzi 3799/7876 on 2017-06-21T19:18:48Z (GMT) / Submitted by Juliana Camargo (juliana.camargo@fgv.br) on 2017-06-21T20:57:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_JulianaCamargo_deposito.pdf: 710392 bytes, checksum: 1c06b951e5ad9f2355def00ccf055931 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-06-21T21:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_JulianaCamargo_deposito.pdf: 710392 bytes, checksum: 1c06b951e5ad9f2355def00ccf055931 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_JulianaCamargo_deposito.pdf: 710392 bytes, checksum: 1c06b951e5ad9f2355def00ccf055931 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-22 / The aim of this study is to provide rigorous evidence of the impact of a brazilian vocational education and training program on its beneficiaries. For this, we took advantage of the selection criteria for the program, in which the beneficiaries were selected through a lottery . Besides, our unique dataset allow us to evaluate the effect of the intervention not only on the economic dimension, but also on human capital, socio-emotional, crime and risky behavior outcomes. This is a valuable contribution since there is a lack of evidence in the literature about the impact of VET programs on these outcomes. Our estimations were based on ITT and LATE strategies. Overall, our results indicated that, at least in the short-run, there was no effect of the program on conventional labor market outcomes, such as employment and formal work probability and wages. Also, we found no effect in socio-emotional, crime and risky behavior dimensions. However, our results pointed towards a possible heterogeneity of the program, since we found positive and significant effects of the intervention on women, specially in labor market (formal work probability and wage) and socio-emotional (extraversion) outcomes. / O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer evidências rigorosas do impacto de um programa brasileiro de educação técnica de nível médio sobre seus beneficiários. Para tanto, nós aproveitamos o critério de seleção do programa, no qual os beneficiários são selecionados através de um sorteio. Além disso, nosso banco de dados único nos permite avaliar o efeito da intervenção não apenas na dimensão econômica, mas também em dimensões como capital humano, habilidades socioemocionais e crime e comportamento de risco. Essa é uma contribuição relevante, uma vez que na literatura há uma lacuna de evidências sobre o impacto de educação técnica nesses resultados. Nossas estimações foram baseadas em estratégias de ITT e LATE. De forma geral, nossos resultados indicam que, ao menos no curto prazo, não há efeito do programa nos resultados de mercado de trabalho, tai como empregabilidade, emprego formal e salários. Ademais, nós também não encontramos efeitos do programa em outras dimensões como socio-emocionais, crime e comportamento de risco. Entretanto, nossos resultados sugerem que há uma heterogeneidade nos efeitos do programa, uma vez que encontramos efeitos positivos e significantes do programa sobre as mulheres, especialmente em resultados do mercado de trabalho (emprego formal e salário) e habilidades socioemocionais (extroversão).

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, dans une perspective écosystémique inspirée du modèle de Bronfenbrenner (1986), l’influence spécifique et combinée du contexte de violence conjugale et de stress maternel sur le développement socio-affectif du jeune enfant âgé de 5 à 6 ans. Ainsi, notre étude prend appui sur les questions suivantes : comment l’enfant d’âge préscolaire se développe sur le plan socio-affectif lorsqu’il grandit dans un contexte de violence conjugale ? Quels sont les facteurs environnementaux qui vont avoir des répercussions sur la relation mère-enfant ? Plus précisément, est-ce que le fait pour une mère d’avoir été victime de violence conjugale va engendrer chez elle plus de stress? L’attachement de la mère et le soutien social qu’elle perçoit vont-ils constituer des ressources qui vont venir atténuer le stress maternel et par voie de conséquences contribuer au bon développement de l’enfant ? Existe-t-il des différences entre les mères et les enfants qui ont quitté leur foyer comparativement à ceux qui vivent encore au domicile ? Enfin, quel est le rôle de la culture dans ces différents systèmes ? L’échantillon se compose de 38 enfants, 10 garçons et 28 filles, âgés de 5 à 6 ans et de leur mère, toutes originaires de pays d’Afrique. Parmi ces dyades mère-enfants, 19 ont été exposées à la violence conjugale et sont hébergées en CHRS, 19 sont toujours en situation de violence. Les mères ont renseigné une série de questionnaires évaluant leur attachement, le stress maternel, les violences subies et le soutien social perçu. En ce qui concerne le développement socio-affectif du jeune enfant, trois dimensions ont été considérées : deux émanant de son propre point de vue ; la représentation de l’attachement, appréhendée à l’aide du protocole des « Histoires à compléter » (Bretherton & al., 1990) et la perception des sentiments et des comportements parentaux avec le test de dépistage de la violence parentale (Palacio-Quintin, 1999), ainsi que l’adaptation socio-affective, étudiée par l’intermédiaire du questionnaire « Profil Socio-Affectif » (Dumas & al., 1998) complété par l’animateur du centre de loisirs. Les principaux résultats indiquent que seulement 36,8% des enfants présentent une représentation d’attachement sécurisée. Les représentations d’attachement des enfants toujours en situation de violence apparaissent plus insécurisées que celles des enfants sortis de la violence. Nos résultats montrent que le contexte de violence conjugale affecte également l’adaptation socio-affective de l’enfant. D’autre part, 73,3% des mères de notre échantillon possèdent des représentations d’attachement de type évitant. Nous avons relevé, par ailleurs, que les représentations du soutien social et du soutien relatif aux enfants perçus par les mères quel que soit leur groupe d’appartenance sont relativement peu élevées. Enfin, les mères toujours en situation de violence conjugale sont moins stressées que les mères ayant quitté le domicile. / The objective of this research is to study, in an ecosystemic manner inspired by the Bronfenbrenner model (1986), the specific and combined influence of the context of marital violence and maternal stress on the socio-emotional development of the young child from 5 to 6 years of age. Thus, our study aims to answer the following questions: What about socio-emotional pre-school child development when the child grows up in a context of marital violence? Which environmental factors will affect the mother-child relationship? More precisely, will the fact of a mother having been a victim of marital violence generate more stress for her? Will mother-child attachment and perceived social support constitute resources which will reduce maternal stress and consequently contribute to the positive development of the child? Are there any differences when the mother and child have left their home compared to those who are still living home? Finally, what is the role of the culture in this different system? The sample is composed of 38 children, 10 boys and 28 girls, aged from 5 to 6 years and their mother, all originating from an African country. Among these mother-child dyads, 19 were exposed to marital violence and were living in CHRS, 19 remained in a situation of violence. The mothers filled out a series of questionnaires in order to evaluate their attachment, maternal stress, violence suffered and their perceived social support. Concerning the socio-emotional development of the young child, three indicators were considered: two emanating from the child’s point of view; attachment representation, by means of the protocol of “Stories to be supplemented” (Bretherton & Al, 1990), the perception of parental feelings and behaviors by means of tracking parental violence (Palacio-Quintin, 1999), and socio-emotional adaptation, studied via “Socio-Emotional Profile” (Dumas & Al, 1998) supplemented by an activity leader. Principal results indicate that only 36.8% of children of the sample present a manifestation of secure attachment. The manifestions of attachment of children still living in a situation of violence appear more insecure than those of the children who were removed from violence. Our results show that the context of marital violence also affects the socio-emotional adaptation of the child. In addition, 73.3% of mothers in our sample manifest attachment avoidance. We have raised the issue, elsewhere, that expressions of social support and support relating to children as perceived by mothers, whatever their situation are relatively low. Lastly, mothers remaining in a situation of marital violence are less stressed than mothers who have left home.