Although it is not traditionally considered part of the “Spanish-speaking world,” Aruba has a significant population of Spanish-speakers due to both tourism and immigration from Latin America. Recognizing the significant presence of Spanish in Aruba, this investigation will focus on contact between Spanish and Papiamento, an Iberian-lexified Creole language that is both one of the two official languages of the country—the other one is Dutch—and the primary language of the local Aruban population. This dissertation has two main goals: (1) to identify the contact features of Aruban Spanish transferred from Papiamento along with the linguistic and non-linguistic factors (tourism, education) that condition their appearance and, (2) to contextualize Aruban Spanish in the broader Caribbean context issues of identity in Aruba. Several methodological strategies were utilized to carry out this research. Six linguistic features were studied and analyzed in the Spanish spoken by Arubans: two phonological features (/r/ and word-final -/s/) and four morphosyntactic features (the pluralization in the noun phrase and past tense, subjunctive mood and aspect in the verb phrase). Through sociolinguistic-style interviews and additional elicitation tools such as the reading of a short text and a word list, a translation activity, a grammatical judgement test and a sentence completion activity, data from 14 participants were collected, transcribed and analyzed. Although the research uses techniques and strategies employed in variationist sociolinguistics, the research questions that guide this project deviate from the statistical analysis that structure Labovian sociolinguistic research. The frequency-based analysis used in this dissertation determined that the realization of the studied features, except for the past tense, exhibit patterns that diverge from those of other Caribbean Spanish varieties. Social factors such as the frequency of Spanish use, occupation in or outside of tourism, context of language acquisition, level of education and gender presented varying effects in the favoring of Papiamento transfer in the Spanish spoken Aruba. Overall, a reduced frequency of Spanish use, occupations in fields with little to no contact with Spanish-speakers, limited exposure to authentic Spanish during acquisition, an increased exposure to the norms of standard Spanish through education and female gender favored increased realizations of Papiamento transfer in the Spanish of the Aruban participants. This dissertation concludes that linguistic transfer from Papiamento contributes to differentiating Aruban Spanish from other varieties spoken in the Caribbean. In Aruba, Spanish is not an official language, and the country’s social history is distinct from the colonial legacy of other Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries. Thus, Spanish becomes a tool of constructing a divergent identity, unique from that of individuals from other Spanish-speaking Caribbean nations. / Spanish

<p dir="ltr">In many Japanese language textbooks and classes, instruction often advocates for responding to compliments with modesty, typically through a negative response. However, previous research by Tatsumi (2013), Shimizu (2007), Terao (1996), and Hirata (1999) suggests that Japanese individuals do not exclusively rely on negative responses when receiving compliments. Moreover, prior studies have predominantly examined the gender of the recipient of the compliment, overlooking the significance of the gender of the person giving compliments. With respect to the topic of compliment responses, previous research has found the following two points. First, Holmes (1988), Herbert (1990), and Matsuura (2004) found that compliment exchanges frequently occur among the younger generation. Second, Itoi (1999), Shimizu (2017) Takamiya (2022) and, Ang (2023) found that the compliments among younger generations are likely to be accepted.</p><p dir="ltr">This study aims to investigate potential differences in compliment responses between Japanese and American women who fall into Generation Z, while also considering the influence of both the gender of the person giving the compliments and the topic of the compliments. A survey was conducted involving 30 Japanese women residing in Japan and 32 American females living in the U.S. Participants submitted their responses online, using either Japanese or English, their native languages. These responses were elicited as reactions to scenarios wherein they received compliments, accompanied by written explanations for their responses.</p><p dir="ltr">The compliments were given by classmates with a relationship of acquaintance who were not yet close, with variations in the gender of the complimenter (male vs. female) and the type of compliment (appearance vs. skill), totaling four distinct scenarios. Their responses were recorded both orally and through written response to share intention. On top of these records, analysis required taking into account the tone of voice and nonverbal cues such as pauses, and hesitations when analyzing and discussing the impact of the complimenter’s gender and the topic of the compliment on the response. Study results show that almost all the compliments were accepted with appreciation by both American and Japanese participants with no difference observed in macro strategies and minimal differences observed in micro strategies. However, this lack of difference is discussed as evident of global influences on pragmatics of different cultures. The findings of this study have implications for communication strategies related to compliments and for pragmatic instruction in teaching Japanese as a second/foreign language.</p>

The current investigation is framed within variationist sociolinguistics, an area of study that examines how language varies and is influenced by linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Variationist research has reported that the use of verbal moods (the subjunctive and indicative) in Spanish is variable. One of the reasons for this variation appears to be a centuries-long process of language change, during which the subjunctive mood seemed to show a decline in favor of the indicative mood. Considering this gradual process of change, various investigations have examined how sociolinguistic factors condition variability in Spanish, focusing their analyses on different Spanish-speaking regions. To contribute to the understanding of mood variation in Spanish, this study explored a range of sociolinguistic factors across three Spanish-speaking regions (Rosario, Argentina; Barcelona, Spain; and Seville, Spain) by means of a conceptual replication of Gudmestad (2021), which studied variable mood use in Spanish across three regions (Quito, Ecuador; Mérida, Mexico; and Seville, Spain). The current study's participant pool (N = 107) consisted of Spanish speakers—men and women over 18 years old—residing in the three aforementioned metropolitan areas, who had lived in the same location for at least 15 years at the moment of the data collection. The data were collected via a written clause-elicitation task, with the purpose of having enough verbal-mood contexts to analyze, and a background questionnaire with basic demographic information. The results suggested that there was geographical variation of mood use, which reinforced the original study's findings on regional variation of mood use. Like Gudmestad (2021), the patterns of verbal moods with individual governors (e.g., preferir que 'to prefer that'), semantic category, and time reference diverged across the regions. The examination of gender and individual participants also pointed to a possible connection between these factors and variable mood use across regions. These findings indicate that the envelopes of variation of mood use may be diverse across the regions under investigation, which suggests that different geographical regions may have slightly distinct grammars. / Master of Arts / The current investigation is framed within variationist sociolinguistics, an area of study that examines how language varies, and which factors may condition this variation. Research within this field has found that Spanish speakers use subjunctive and indicative moods in a variable way. This variability in mood use may be connected to a long process of language change, over which speakers seem to be using the indicative mood in instances in which, in the past, they would have used the subjunctive mood. Taking this into account, various investigations have studied how the use of verbal moods in Spanish varies by analyzing different locations where Spanish is spoken. To contribute to this body of knowledge, the present investigation studied variable mood use in three regions (Rosario, Argentina; Barcelona, Spain; and Seville, Spain), by partially replicating an original investigation conducted by Gudmestad (2021) on variable mood use in Spanish across the regions of Quito, Ecuador; Mérida, Mexico; and Seville, Spain. Participants of the replication study (a total of 107) were three geographical groups of Spanish speakers. They were men and women over 18 years old who were residing in the three aforementioned urban areas and who had lived in the same location for at least 15 years. The participants completed a story with blanks that elicited the use of verbal moods and a questionnaire with basic demographic information. The findings indicated that Spanish speakers may use the subjunctive and indicative moods variably, according to different linguistic contexts and extralinguistic characteristics. Regarding geographical variation, the results showed that mood use was variable across the different locations analyzed, which reinforced the original study's findings on the presence of regional variation of mood use in Spanish.

by Lau Chun Ip. / Bibliography: leaves 99-103 / Thesis (M.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

by Esther Mee Kwan Cheung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-236). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

No presente trabalho, estuda-se a sociointeração discursiva na pré-escola de Ivoti (RS). Analisam-se registros de interação social da fala coletados, em duas escolas, uma de zona urbana, cujos alunos são, a maioria, filhos de migrantes da região sul, outra de zona rural, onde há predomínio de alunos descendentes de imigrantes alemães. O trabalho é desenvolvido na perspectiva da Sociolingüística Interacional, conforme as etapas previstas por Pomerantz e Fehr (1997) e a partir de vinhetas selecionadas obedecendo-se a diferentes atividades escolares. A análise revelou que, na zona urbana, o comportamento verbal e não-verbal na interação é ritualizado e centralizado na fala da professora. Já no contexto rural, apesar da orientação da professora, nota-se que os interactantes constroem sentidos diversos na interação, motivados por enquadres discrepantes e não atribuíveis exclusivamente à interferência do dialeto alemão. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-21T16:30:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Noeli M L Backes.pdf: 800557 bytes, checksum: 2a4d77f3a1d57ac2c2205c5f0e4a16fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T16:30:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Noeli M L Backes.pdf: 800557 bytes, checksum: 2a4d77f3a1d57ac2c2205c5f0e4a16fb (MD5) / The present study is about social interaction through conversation in the pre-school of Ivoti (RS). Data collected in two schools are analyzed. One of the schools is located in the urban area and the parents of its students come mostly from other cities. The other school is located in the rural area and most of its students are German descendants. The work is developed in the perspective of Interactional Sociolinguistics. The analysis of excerpts of conversation in different school activities was carried out following the stages proposed by Pomerantz and Fehr (1997). The analysis showed that in the urbane area talk is ritualized and centralized in the speech of the teacher. In the rural context, the interactants build divergent meanings based on different background knowledge. It is not the interference of the German dialect children speak at home which interferes in language understanding in pre-schooL.

No presente trabalho, estuda-se a sociointeração discursiva na pré-escola de Ivoti (RS). Analisam-se registros de interação social da fala coletados, em duas escolas, uma de zona urbana, cujos alunos são, a maioria, filhos de migrantes da região sul, outra de zona rural, onde há predomínio de alunos descendentes de imigrantes alemães. O trabalho é desenvolvido na perspectiva da Sociolingüística Interacional, conforme as etapas previstas por Pomerantz e Fehr (1997) e a partir de vinhetas selecionadas obedecendo-se a diferentes atividades escolares. A análise revelou que, na zona urbana, o comportamento verbal e não-verbal na interação é ritualizado e centralizado na fala da professora. Já no contexto rural, apesar da orientação da professora, nota-se que os interactantes constroem sentidos diversos na interação, motivados por enquadres discrepantes e não atribuíveis exclusivamente à interferência do dialeto alemão. / The present study is about social interaction through conversation in the pre-school of Ivoti (RS). Data collected in two schools are analyzed. One of the schools is located in the urban area and the parents of its students come mostly from other cities. The other school is located in the rural area and most of its students are German descendants. The work is developed in the perspective of Interactional Sociolinguistics. The analysis of excerpts of conversation in different school activities was carried out following the stages proposed by Pomerantz and Fehr (1997). The analysis showed that in the urbane area talk is ritualized and centralized in the speech of the teacher. In the rural context, the interactants build divergent meanings based on different background knowledge. It is not the interference of the German dialect children speak at home which interferes in language understanding in pre-schooL.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-30T14:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) LYGIA_DE_LIMA_SOUZA_DISSERTAÇÃO -PPGL-UFAM.pdf: 1802615 bytes, checksum: 0382c2f44256e81cb9a3814c21cfe6c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-30T14:22:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) LYGIA_DE_LIMA_SOUZA_DISSERTAÇÃO -PPGL-UFAM.pdf: 1802615 bytes, checksum: 0382c2f44256e81cb9a3814c21cfe6c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-30T14:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) LYGIA_DE_LIMA_SOUZA_DISSERTAÇÃO -PPGL-UFAM.pdf: 1802615 bytes, checksum: 0382c2f44256e81cb9a3814c21cfe6c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-05 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Portuguese language teaching has been the subject of discussion for decades, but despite all the changes that have occurred (or should have occurred), the debate about the quality of teaching, the difficulties of students and teacher's training has not stopped. In this work, I bring some pertinent considerations in analyzing this situation, but I hold my gaze to the teacher, especially in relation to academic training, continuing education and the pedagogical and documentary input received from the institution for its pedagogical practice, And the teaching of Portuguese. In this perspective, the research was carried out on the challenges faced by the teachers in the practice of a conscious practice regarding the linguistic variation in the classroom, which is possible knowing sociolinguistic theories and receiving pedagogical support. Thus, this study had a general objective to reveal the challenges encountered by the teacher of Portuguese Language in the teaching exercise when teaching the mother tongue through a sociolinguistic approach, considering the input received from the teaching network. It is based on Variationist Sociolinguistics (Labov, 2008) and Bortoni-Ricardo Educational Sociolinguistics (2004, 2005 and 2008). To achieve what I proposed, I outlined four specific objectives for more detailed verification of the object studied, they are: 1) Identify the profile of the elementary school teacher; 2) To verify if the teacher has sociolinguistic knowledge to work with the teaching of the Portuguese Language in face of linguistic variations; 3) Find out if the teacher receives pedagogical and documentary contribution of the educational network to his pedagogical practice in dealing with linguistic diversity; 4) Check if the pedagogical and documentary contribution of the educational network presents a sociolinguistic approach. This research aimed to analyze the pedagogical and documentary contribution offered by the Municipal Secretariat of Manaus, in this case, the Portuguese Language Curriculum Proposal from the 6th to the 9th year and the Continuing Education Plan. In addition to the documents analyzed, two questionnaires were applied and interviews were conducted with six Portuguese-speaking teachers from three different locations, two teachers from rural area, two from urban-center área and two from urban-periphery zone. In the results, I found that one of the main challenges faced by teachers, besides the need for a continuous education that meets the real needs and issues related to the Curricular Proposal is the theoretical fragility, because in some speeches still surrounds the myth of " Right and wrong ", instead of talking about the appropriate and inadequate, as well as confusion between variation of record and dialectal variation, or to relate linguistic variation only to regional differences. I noticed that normative grammar is still traditionally taught, including those interviewed with more linguistic and sociolinguistic knowledge. / O ensino de Língua Portuguesa tem sido motivo de discussão há décadas, mas apesar de toda a mudança que ocorreu (ou deveria ocorrer), o debate em torno da qualidade do ensino, das dificuldades dos alunos e da formação de professores ainda não cessou. Neste trabalho, trago algumas considerações pertinentes ao se analisar essa situação, mas detenho meu olhar ao professor, principalmente em relação à formação acadêmica, à formação continuada e ao aporte pedagógico e documental recebido da instituição para a sua prática pedagógica, no que tange à diversidade linguística e ao ensino de português. Nessa perspectiva, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre os desafios enfrentados pelos professores para o exercício de uma prática consciente diante da variação linguística em sala de aula, o que é possível conhecendo as teorias sociolinguísticas e recebendo suporte pedagógico. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo geral revelar os desafios encontrados pelo professor de Língua Portuguesa no exercício docente ao ensinar a língua materna por meio de uma abordagem sociolinguística, considerando o aporte recebido da rede de ensino. Tem como base a Sociolinguística Variacionista (Labov, 2008) e a Sociolinguística Educacional Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005 e 2008). Para alcançar o que me propus, delineei quatro objetivos específicos para verificação mais detalhada do objeto estudado, são eles: 1) Identificar qual o perfil do professor do ensino fundamental; 2) Verificar se o professor tem conhecimento sociolinguístico para o trabalho com o ensino da Língua Portuguesa diante das variações linguísticas; 3) Averiguar se o professor recebe aporte pedagógico e documental da rede de ensino para a sua prática pedagógica ao lidar com a diversidade linguística; 4) Conferir se o aporte pedagógico e documental da rede de ensino apresenta uma abordagem sociolinguística. Esta pesquisa se propôs a analisar o aporte pedagógico e documental oferecido pela Secretaria Municipal de Manaus, no caso, a Proposta Curricular de Língua Portuguesa do 6º ao 9º ano e o Plano de Formação Continuada. Além dos documentos analisados, foram aplicados dois questionários e realizadas entrevistas com seis professores de Língua Portuguesa de três localidades distintas, sendo duas professoras de uma escola da zona rural, duas da zona urbana-centro e duas da zona urbana-periferia. Nos resultados, constatei que um dos principais desafios enfrentados pelas professoras, além da necessidade de uma formação continuada que atenda as reais necessidades e questões relacionadas à Proposta Curricular é a fragilidade teórica, pois em alguns discursos ainda rodeia o mito do “certo e errado”, em vez de se falar no adequado e inadequado, bem como confusão entre variação de registro e variação dialetal, ou ainda relacionar a variação linguística somente às diferenças regionais. Percebi que a gramática normativa ainda é ensinada tradicionalmente, inclusive pelas entrevistadas com maior conhecimento linguístico e sociolinguístico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundamentado na Sociolinguística Educacional, este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi verificar o tratamento da variação linguística nas aulas de língua portuguesa, especialmente, da concordância de número no sintagma nominal, durante a interação aluno/aluno e professor/aluno em uma sala do 6 ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Boa Vista-RR. O trabalho teve como foco os processos de identificação e conscientização dessa variação como parte do processo de monitoração e, consequentemente, do desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos alunos. Através de uma análise microetnográfica dos processos interativos, registrados através de protocolos verbais e fundamentadas na Sociolinguística Interacional e Variacionista, pude observar que, apesar de o ensino de língua portuguesa implicar a pertinência da abordagem do tema variação linguística como conhecimento linguístico necessário ao aluno, esta ainda não se faz presente em sala. E, de forma complementar, detectei, também, nos documentos reguladores da prática do professor, a inobservância de aspectos voltados para o trato da variação linguística. / Based on the Educational Sociolinguistics, this work presents the results of a research whose objective is to verify the treatment of the linguistics variation in the Portuguese classes, mainly regarding concordance of number in the nominal syntagma, during the interaction student/student and teacher/student in a class of the 6th grade of an elementary public school from Boa Vista, Roraima, focusing the processes of identification and awareness of this variation as part of the interactive process, registered through verbal protocols and based in the Interactional and Variational Sociolinguistics, I could observe that, despite the Portuguese Language teaching implicate in the pertinence of the approaching linguistics variation as necessary linguistics knowledge, it is not present in class yet. And in a complementary form, I also detected the inobservance of aspects regarding to the linguistics variation in the documents that rules the teachers practice.

This study investigates the language of “citizen sociolinguists,” everyday users of social network sites (SNS) who contribute to the discourses about language on Twitter, Reddit, and Tumblr, platforms with distinctive user demographics and technological affordances. The data were collected through keyword searches for mansplain, whitesplain, richsplain and thinsplain, metapragmatic neologisms which are lexical blends of the verb explain and one of four social categories. Disputes of macro-level ideologies are revealed by users’ creative meaning-making strategies and metapragmatic awareness of micro-level texts and utterances. Making use of the linguistic practices of the SNS, as well as the concisely-compacted semantic and pragmatic meanings of the four splain words, users come to evaluate communicative dynamics between speakers who differ from or relate with others in their experiences of sex, skin color, economic status, and physical form. Drawing on elements of Citizen Sociolinguistics (Rymes & Leone, 2014) with Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1989) and Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (Herring, 2004), I question how users make metapragmatic judgements to convey varying meanings of the four focal words, and how the uses of [x]splain and the surrounding discourses illuminate socio-ideological values about language, about its intersection with gender, race, class, and body size, and the authority to speak on topics that are macro-contextually situated in discourses of privilege, power, and inequality. Lastly, I compare the findings across the three SNS platforms to understand how competing discourses differ in relation to each site’s user demographics, technological affordances and limitations, and subsequent linguistic practices.