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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
561

A variação entre os pronomes de primeira pessoa do plural nós e a gente numa amostra da literatura infantojuvenil gaúcha

Oliveira, Ana Paula Moraes dos Passos de 23 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-05-12T13:26:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Moraes dos Passos de Oliveira_.pdf: 903398 bytes, checksum: ee1d552d6c027c9bfe532fe3fe75bbe9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Moraes dos Passos de Oliveira_.pdf: 903398 bytes, checksum: ee1d552d6c027c9bfe532fe3fe75bbe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A distância entre o uso do pronome inovador a gente na língua falada e o emprego do mesmo na escrita é amplamente reconhecida. Há várias pesquisas voltadas para o uso de a gente na língua falada, porém, na escrita, o pronome em questão ainda tem sido pouco investigado, particularmente, sob uma perspectiva sociolinguística. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho visa esclarecer o caminho de entrada do pronome inovador a gente na língua escrita, neste caso, através da produção literária destinada ao público infantojuvenil gaúcho. Dessa forma, pretendo mostrar se houve crescimento do pronome de primeira pessoa do plural a gente, ao longo das décadas de 70, 80 e 90, nos textos de literatura infantojuvenil produzidos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Quanto aos escritores dedicados ao público já referido, ao todo, consultamos dez autores, a saber: Charles Kiefer, Cláudio Levitan, Diana Noronha, Jane Tutikian, Luís Dill, Lygia Bojunga Nunes, Marcelo Carneiro da Cunha, Moacyr Scliar, Sérgio Caparelli e Walmir Ayala. Dentre as várias metodologias de pesquisa possíveis para a análise e geração de dados, adotei, desde o início da pesquisa, o método de quantificação dos dados por possibilitar a comparação entre o novo pronome a gente e o pronome canônico nós no âmbito das variáveis linguísticas e sociais selecionadas para esta pesquisa. Somente assim será possível demonstrar se houve crescimento no que tange ao uso do novo pronome. Além disso, valho-me de trechos das obras consultadas a fim de servirem de exemplos dos casos evidenciados neste estudo. A análise está apoiada na Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística de Labov (1972) e leva em consideração a influência de fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos no condicionamento das formas em variação. Os resultados gerais apontam para um uso efetivo do novo pronome a gente na literatura infantojuvenil gaúcha, como podemos constatar por meio dos resultados obtidos nas rodadas que foram realizadas com o auxílio do Programa Estatístico Varbrul. Verificamos os seguintes contextos linguísticos e extralinguísticos como sendo favorecedores para o uso de a gente na escrita das narrativas: (i) profissão do personagem, (ii) idade do personagem, (iii) tipo de narrador, (iv) classe social do personagem e (v) paralelismo formal. Esse quadro aponta que a mudança que introduz a forma inovadora no sistema pronominal encontra-se em um estágio muito avançado de gramaticalização na amostra de autores da literatura infantojuvenil gaúcha devidos aos altos percentuais e pesos relativos encontrados neste estudo. Por fim, os principais autores que contribuíram para a realização desta investigação foram: Borges (2004), Zilles (2007), Brustolin (2009) e Labov (1972). / The distance between the use of the innovative pronoun a gente on spoken language and its usage on written language is widely recognized. There are several researches on what concerns the use of a gente within the spoken language, however, on written language, the referred pronoun has still been little investigated, particularly from a sociolinguistic perspective. For this reason, the current work aims at clarifying the entry path of the innovative pronoun a gente on written language, in this case, through literary production for the gaúcho infant-juvenile public. In view of this, I intend to show if there were a great use of the first-person plural pronoun a gente in infant-juvenile literature produced in the State of Rio Grande do Sul throughout the 70s, 80s and 90s. As for the writers dedicated to the aforementioned public, in all, we consulted ten authors, namely: Charles Kiefer, Cláudio Levitan, Diana Noronha, Jane Tutikian, Luís Dill, Lygia Bojunga Nunes, Marcelo Carneiro da Cunha, Moacyr Scliar, Sérgio Caparelli e Walmir Ayala. Among several research methodologies which could be used for the analysis and generation of date, I adopted, since the beginning of the research, the method of data quantifying for allowing the comparison between the new pronoun a gente and the canonic pronoun nós within the scope of linguistic and social variables selected for this research. Only this way it will be possible to demonstrate if there was growth in the use of the new pronoun. Moreover, I draw from excerpts of the works consulted in order to serve as examples of the cases evidenced in this study. The analysis is supported by the Variation and Change Theory proposed by Labov (1972) and takes into account the influence of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the conditioning of the forms in variation. The general results point out to an effective use of the new pronoun a gente on gaucho infant-juvenile literature as we can see from the results obtained in the rounds that were carried out with the help of the Varbrul Statistical Program. We have verified the following linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts as favoring the use of a gente in the writing of narratives: (i) character’s profession, (ii) character’s age, (iii) narrator type, (iv) character’s social class, (v) formal parallelism. This scenery indicates that the change which introduces the innovative form in the pronominal system is at a very advanced stage considering the sample of gaúcho infant-juvenile literature due to the high percentage and relative weights found in this study. Finally, the main authors who contributed to this research were: Borges (2004), Zilles (2007), Brustolin (2009) and Labov (1972).
562

Poetics, Performance, and Translation in Eastern Cherokee Language Revitalization

Snyder, Sara LeeAnne January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation examines the creation and performance of expressive vocal practices by Eastern Cherokees as they seek to revitalize the Cherokee language in North Carolina in the Eastern part of the United States. The Eastern Band of Cherokee of Indians is facing the impending loss of its heritage language due to a community-wide shift to English. To combat this loss, the community now operates a Cherokee language immersion school, New Kituwah Academy. This dissertation is based on ethnographic and linguistic data collected during the researcher’s five years as the music and art instructor at New Kituwah. Indigenous epistemologies of language and poetics are brought into discourse with methodological and analytical approaches in ethnomusicology and linguistic anthropology. Performative vocal practices are processes through which Eastern Cherokee speakers negotiate what it means to be “modern Kituwah citizens.” Contemporary Cherokee voices emerge from the ambiguities of poetic “language play” in speech and song. “Voice” is both a metaphorical representation of a Cherokee sovereign and an actual materiality produced by embodied, speaking, and singing subjects. The translation of new popular song texts into Cherokee is likewise explored as “working” or “playing” with language. Translation is a poetic process imbedded within broader socio-cultural systems of meaning and perception (ontologies). Translation and vocal play destabilize semantic connections and open up the possibility for alternative interpretations and meanings; they allow for sovereignty to flourish as Cherokees reimagine and reshape themselves and their world.
563

Un/tangling girlhood: Negotiations of identity, literacy, and place at an elite, independent private all-girls school in New York City

Bailin Wells, Emily January 2018 (has links)
All-girls schools are commonly framed as institutions meant to empower girls to be their best selves in an enriching environment that fosters learning, compassion, and success. In elite, private schools, notions of language, privilege, and place are often tethered to the school’s history and traditions in ways that are seamlessly woven into the cultural fabric of the institution, subsequently informing particular constructions of students. Therefore, a closer examination of the dialogic power of belonging and expectations between an institution and its members is required. Failure to interrogate language and power dynamics in privileged spaces can perpetuate systems and structures of exclusivity and prohibit the construction of authentically inclusive practices and place-making within educational institutions. This study, which took place at an elite, independent, private all-girls school (the Clyde School) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, interrogates how ideations of girls and girlhood are constructed and promoted as part of a school’s institutional identity and, in turn, how members of the institution understand, negotiate, and reimagine ideals, expectations, and forms of membership within the Clyde School. Drawing on literature from sociocultural, sociolinguistic, and communications perspectives, and concepts of literacy, identity, and place as constructed, situated and practiced, this study highlights the importance of context and discourse when examining how young people understand themselves, others, and their socially-situated realities. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, multimodal media-making, and participant observations. The primary method of data analysis was a critical analysis of discourse—an examination of the language, beliefs, values, and practices that collectively work to construct a school’s institutional identity; and foster insight into how students perceive and challenge notions of what it means to be a student at the Clyde School. The findings of this case study offer analyses of individual, collective, and institutional identity/ies. It considers the discursive practices, critical literacies, and place-making processes that young people use to navigate and negotiate their experiences in a particular sociocultural ecology. This study contributes to understandings of girlhood, youth studies, and elite, private independent school settings and provokes further questions about the possibilities of disrupting storylines and re-storying pedagogies.
564

The Pragmatic-Discursive Structure of Chinese Compliments in Naturally Occurring Conversation

Le, Rong Rong January 2018 (has links)
Studies across different languages over the past three decades have claimed that compliments are formulaic in nature, realized by only a few syntactic and semantic formulae. Much of the research employs elicitation or ethnographic field notes data, which biases the analysis to single utterance, explicit and formulaic compliments. However, my observations of Chinese compliments in naturally occurring conversation paint a different, much more sophisticated, picture. The current study investigates the realization of spontaneous Chinese complimenting behavior in the speech communities of Shanghai and other cities in China. Over 200 speakers from different walks of life were audio-recorded in a vast array of natural settings. Three hundred compliment-response sequences were selected for analysis. Adopting a combination of the pragmatic speech act analytic approach and the discursive pragmatic analytic approach, the current study examines the pragmatic-discursive structure of Chinese complimenting in conversation sequences over multiple turns involving two or more parties. Results of the study reveal that Chinese compliments and compliment responses are not isolated, single utterance acts, but rather multi-turn discursive events. Chinese compliments operate as pragmatic-discursive strategies working together over the discourse in a core and support relationship. Among the 3,835 compliment strategies identified, 525 are core strategies and 3,310 are support strategies. The core compliment strategy is normally the first general summative statement initiating a compliment topic. Seven major support compliment strategies—agreement, comment, example, repetition, intensification, quote, and comparison—fulfill three major pragmatic-discursive functions: to align with, to elaborate, or to emphasize the core or another support strategy. The seven major support compliment strategies are further realized by a wide variety of substrategies and linguistic forms with no formulaicity and predictability in lexical or syntactic distribution. The different pragmatic-discursive strategies interact such that the participants negotiate and “co-construct” the compliment event. The analysis indicates that context, both interaction-external and interaction-internal, is crucial in the construction and interpretation of a compliment action.
565

Ponte da passagem : você e cê transitando na fala de Vitória (ES)

Calmon, Elba Nusa 30 August 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elba Calmon.pdf: 1773373 bytes, checksum: a6ae61d3d930c6e38887602d498e87e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Esta dissertação, de orientação sociolinguística, trata do estudo dos pronomes você, ocê, cê e te falados na cidade de Vitória (ES). Os dados da amostra para esta pesquisa constituem-se de dois corpora: PORTVIX (O português falado na cidade de Vitória) e FALA CASUAL. Para a coleta do PORTVIX foram selecionadas as variáveis gênero, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade de informantes cujas características comuns eram o de ser natural de Vitória, de ter pais capixabas e o de residir sempre nesta cidade. A FALA CASUAL, coletada também com moradores de Vitória (ES), constituída por duas gravações de conversas sem que o falante tivesse conhecimento prévio do evento. Para atestar nossos resultados, trabalhamos com a análise quantitativa de dados da fala. Para a análise dos corpora, analisamos a variável dependente em função das variáveis sociais mencionadas e, também, da variável linguística relativa aos aspectos sintáticos (sujeito, objeto direto, complemento de preposição) e dos aspectos semânticos (genérico ou específico). O tratamento estatístico dos dados baseou-se no programa computacional GOLDVARB X. A faixa etária e o gênero foram considerados relevantes pelo programa. Na faixa etária, constatamos que, em relação aos pronomes você e cê, estava ocorrendo uma mudança a qual caminhava de você para cê. Porém, na faixa etária 15-25 anos iniciou-se um processo de reversão dessa mudança para você, acentuando-se ainda mais na faixa 7-14 anos. Com relação ao gênero, os dados revelam que o gênero feminino favorece o uso da forma você um pouco mais do que o gênero masculino. A variável função sintática também foi selecionada pelo programa. Embora o número de dados precedidos da preposição para seja pequeno, esse contexto favorece mais o pronome você do que o contexto em que o pronome você aparece não precedido da preposição para. No PORTVIX verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre a fala dos entrevistados e entrevistadores, evidenciando-se que embora a literatura sociolinguística advirta sobre o paradoxo do observador, ao enfocar que a presença do entrevistador e do gravador podem inibir a fala do entrevistado, na nossa pesquisa verificamos uma situação contrária a essa: comprovamos que foi o entrevistado o agente influenciador da fala do entrevistador, uma vez que era o entrevistador quem modificava sua fala ao se deparar com situações em que os entrevistados faziam maior ou menor uso de uma das variantes. Comparamos a nossa pesquisa com outros trabalhos de mesma temática realizados em outras regiões do Brasil e pudemos verificar que a fala de Vitória se distancia da de Minas Gerais e se aproxima da de Brasília. Destacamos, ainda, o fato de a forma ocê praticamente inexistir no PORTVIX, sendo sua realização correspondente a apenas 0,5% do total das ocorrências. Há, ainda, o fato de essa forma ser rejeitada, conforme aponta o estudo de Peres (2008). Mesmo no corpus da FALA CASUAL, que apresenta características bastante diferentes da do PORTVIX, também prevalece a forma você. Comparamos a Fala Casual com os resultados de Paredes (1998), em corpus gravado no Rio de Janeiro, caracterizado por os falantes não terem conhecimento da gravação, observamos que nesse corpus há maior frequência de cê (54,3%) do que de você. Vimos que na Fala Casual, ao contrário do encontrado na pesquisa de Paredes, também prevalecia a variante você / The present work, of sociolinguistic orientation, focuses in the use of the pronouns você, ocê, cê and te (you) spoken in the city of Vitória (ES). The data of the samples for this research are constituted of two corpora: PORTVIX (the Portuguese spoken in the city of Vitória) and CASUAL SPEECH. In order to collect the PORTVIX were selected the variants of gender, age, and level of schooling of the interviewees, whose common characteristics were to be born, to have always lived in Vitória and to have capixaba parents as well. CASUAL SPEECH, also collected from Vitória (ES) inhabitants, was constituted of two recorded conversations in which the speakers did not have any previous information about the event. In order to testify our results, we worked with quantitative analysis of speech data. For the corpora analysis, we analyzed a dependent variant according to the social variants aforementioned and also to the linguistic variant related either to syntactic aspects (subject, direct object and compliment of preposition) or to semantic aspects (generic or specific). The statistic treatment of the data was based in the GOLDVARB X computer program. Age and the gender were considered relevant by the program. Concerning age, we verified that in relation to the pronouns você e cê, a changing that shifted from você to cê was occurring. However, among those who were 15-25 years old a reverse process of this changing to the use of the pronoun você was initiated, increasing among 7-14 years old. In relation to gender, the data showed that the female tend to use the pronoun você a little more than the male do. The variant syntactic function was also selected by the program. Although there is little occurrence of data preceded by the preposition para (to/for), we noticed that this context offers more possibility for the use of the pronoun você than if it was not preceded by such a preposition. In the PORTVIX we verified that there was a positive correlation between the speech of the interviewees and the interviewers, evincing that, although sociolinguistic literature warns about the observer s paradox, emphasizing that the presence of the interviewer and of the recorder may inhibit the interviewee speech, in our research we verified a contrary situation: we testified that it was the interviewee that had influence on the interviewer s speech, since it was the interviewer that modified his/her speech when facing some situations in which the interviewee used more or less one of the variants. We compared our research to other similar works developed in other regions of Brazil and we verified that the speech of Vitória is far from that which is present in the state of Minas Gerais and it is closer to the one in Brasília. We highlight still that the use of ocê almost does not appear in the PORTVIX, in which only 0,5% of the total occurrence was registered. Yet, there is the fact that this form is rejected, according to Peres study (2008). Even in the corpus of the Casual Speech that presents very different characteristics from those of the PORTVIX, the pronoun você is also predominant. We compared the Casual Speech form to Paredes (1988) results, in corpus recorded in Rio de Janeiro, where the speakers were not conscious of the recording, we observed that in this situation the use of cê is more frequent (54,3%) than the use of você. Therefore, we noticed that in the Casual Speech, contrarily to what was found in Paredes research, the variant você was also prevalent
566

Code-mixing in the spoken and written discourse of mass media in Hong Kong

Lam, Chi Kei Jacqueline 01 January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
567

Fala, professor! Um estudo variacionista de atos de comandos proferidos por professores de Fortaleza/CE / Speak, sir! A study variationist acts of commands delivered by teachers from Fortaleza / CE

Francisca NatÃlia Sampaio Pinheiro Monteiro 13 April 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta um estudo variacionista dos atos de comando, codificados pelo imperativo, pela perÃfrase ir mais infinitivo, pelo infinitivo e pelo gerÃndio, na fala de professores de Fortaleza/CE. Para tal anÃlise, adotamos os pressupostos teÃricometodolÃgicos da SociolinguÃstica Variacionista e do Funcionalismo LinguÃstico. O objetivo geral da pesquisa à investigar fatores linguÃsticos e extralinguÃsticos que condicionam a variaÃÃo das formas de codificaÃÃo dos atos de comando. Os dados foram submetidos ao tratamento estatÃstico do programa GOLDVARB. Foram analisados 410 dados, obtidos atravÃs de gravaÃÃes de aulas de 18 professores do Ensino Fundamental e MÃdio da rede Municipal e Estadual de ensino em Fortaleza. Os professores foram agrupados em trÃs faixas etÃrias (20 a 30 anos; 35 a 45 anos; mais de 50 anos) e nas trÃs Ãreas em que a disciplina ministrada està inserida (Linguagens, CÃdigos e suas Tecnologias; CiÃncias da Natureza, MatemÃticas e suas Tecnologias; CiÃncias Humanas e suas Tecnologias). A anÃlise dos dados indica que o fenÃmeno em estudo à condicionado por fatores linguÃsticos, menÃÃo explÃcita do manipulado, marcas de polidez e forÃa do comando, e pelo fator extralinguÃstico faixa etÃria. Palavras-Chave: Atos de comando. Imperativo. Modalidade. SociolinguÃstica. Funcionalismo. / This dissertation presents a variationist study of acts of command in Portuguese, codified by the Imperativo, by the periphrasis ir may infinitivo, by the infinitivo, and by the gerÃndio, in the speech of teachers from the city of Fortaleza, in the Brazilian state of CearÃ. In order to conduct the analysis, we adopted the theoretical and metodological presuppositions of Variationist Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Functionalism. The general aim of this study is to investigate linguistic and extralinguistic elements that condition the variation of forms of codification of the acts of command. The data was submitted to statistical treatment on the program GOLDVARB. An analysis of 410 data obtained through the recordings of teaching sessions of 18 Elementary and High School teachers of state and town schools was conducted. These teachers were grouped into three age groups (20 to 30, 30 to 45, may 50), and into the three areas in which the subject is inserted (Languages; Codes and Technologies; Natural Sciences; Mathematics and Technologies; Humanities and Technologies). The data analysis indicated that the considered phenomenon might be conditioned by linguistic elements, explicit mention of the manipulated, politeness markers, and force of command, and by the extralinguistic element age group.
568

A realização da fricativa glotal na fala manauara.

Berçot-Rodrigues, Shanay Freire 27 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-06-02T20:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T15:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T15:44:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T15:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to investigate, from the perspective of Dialectology in its method Geolinguistic, of Variationist Sociolinguistics and of Natural Phonology (Stampe, 1973), the occurrence of the phonetic-phonological phenomenon of substitution of other fricatives by the glottal fricative [h, ɦ] in the manauara speech. This paperwork was developed through literature and field research. In field research, interviews with 24 informants were conducted, taking into account, among other selection criteria, gender (male; female), age group (18-35 years-old; 36-55 years-old; 56 years-old or more) and education (up to primary; higher education, graduated or not) as to verify the possible influence of these extralinguistic factors in the choice of variants by informants. The interviews were composed of responses to a phonetic-phonological questionnaire (PPQ), sentences reading and text reading. Later, the phonetic transcription and analysis of the data collected were conducted. The results show that: a) linguistically, only the consonant [f] was not substituted in the speech of any of the informants, while all the others have been substituted more or less frequently, being [s] and [ʃ] (in concurrent position) the most substituted ones; b) extralinguisticaly, the phenomenon occurred in more the speech of men than in women, more in the third age group than in the first and second, respectively, and more among the informants of the first level of education than in the second. KEYWORDS: / A presente dissertação objetiva investigar, sob a ótica da Dialetologia com seu método Geolinguístico, da Sociolinguística Variacionista e da Fonologia Natural (Stampe, 1973), a ocorrência do fenômeno fonético-fonológico de substituição das demais consoantes fricativas pela fricativa glotal [h, ɦ] na fala manauara. O desenvolvimento do trabalho se deu através de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Na pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas entrevistas com 24 informantes, levando-se em consideração, dentre outros critérios de seleção, o gênero (masculino; feminino), a faixa etária (18 a 35 anos; 36 a 55 anos; 56 anos ou mais) e o nível de escolaridade (até o ensino fundamental; ensino superior, completo ou não) de maneira a verificar a possível influência desses fatores extralinguísticos na escolha das variantes pelos informantes. As entrevistas foram compostas de respostas a um questionário fonético-fonológico (QFF), leitura de frases e leitura de texto. Posteriormente, fez-se a transcrição fonética e análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados mostram que: a) linguisticamente, apenas a consoante [f] não foi substituída na fala de nenhum dos informantes, enquanto todas as outras foram substituídas com maior ou menor frequência, sendo [s] e [ʃ] (em posição concorrente) as mais substituídas; b) extralinguisticamente, o fenômeno ocorreu mais na fala dos homens do que na das mulheres, mais na terceira faixa etária do que na primeira e na segunda, respectivamente, e mais entre os informantes do primeiro nível de escolaridade do que nos do segundo.
569

Análise forense de autoria textual: estilos sociais e individuais / Forensic authorship analysis: social and individual styles

Dayane Celestino de Almeida 04 May 2015 (has links)
O interesse pela autoria de textos escritos é tão antigo quanto a própria escrita. Desde que o homem passou a registrar a sua língua dessa forma, podem ser muitas as circunstâncias em que emerge a pergunta Quem escreveu este texto?. Ela pode surgir porque os textos são anônimos, assinados por pseudônimos ou porque há uma disputa com relação a sua autoria. Mais recentemente, saber quem escreveu um determinado texto ou conjunto de textos tem ajudado a solucionar crimes ou dirimir contendas judiciais. Nesses contextos, entra em cena o linguista forense, cujo trabalho pode elucidar tais casos uma vez que sua análise é capaz de depreender estilos linguísticos que se relacionam tanto a um grupo social (elaboração de perfis sociolinguísticos) quanto a um indivíduo (atribuição de autoria). Este trabalho preocupa-se particularmente com noções de estilo da Sociolinguística e da Semiótica Discursiva nas análises forenses de autoria e almeja demonstrar de que modo a incorporação da análise do plano do conteúdo pode render frutos a essas análises. Assim, no que diz respeito à depreensão de perfis sociolinguísticos, sugere-se que o pertencimento a um grupo social, aqui proposto como um universo discursivo, pode ser revelado por meio da análise da recorrência semântica e não apenas de variáveis linguísticas (que seriam uma ou mais maneiras de se dizer a mesma coisa). Para isso, analisa-se um conjunto de escritos provenientes da investigação do que ficou conhecido como Massacre de Realengo e sugere-se que seus autores compartilham o mesmo grupo, neste caso o dos Fiéis (em oposição aos Infiéis). Quanto à atribuição de autoria, faz-se necessário saber se as categorias examinadas em análises semióticas podem realmente distinguir autores. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo quantitativo com 4 autores, em que cada autor contribuiu com 20 textos, divididos em dois grupos de 10 (Autor 1A, Autor 1B, e assim por diante). A hipótese era a de que os textos dos grupos A e B de um mesmo autor seriam mais semelhantes entre si do que comparativamente aos subconjuntos de textos dos outros autores, no que diz respeito a elementos do plano do conteúdo. Os resultados corroboram essa hipótese e indicam, portanto, que as categorias semióticas podem ser utilizadas com sucesso em casos de autoria questionada. / Interest in the authorship of written texts is as old as writing itself. Ever since men started recording language in this way, there can be various circumstances in which the question \"Who wrote this text?\" emerges. Such a question can arise because the texts are anonymous, signed by pseudonyms or because its authorship is being disputed. More recently, knowing who wrote a particular text or set of texts has been helping to solve crimes or settle legal disputes. In these contexts, the forensic linguist stands out, working to elucidate such cases, since linguistic analysis is able to infer writing styles that relate either to a social group (sociolinguistic profiling) or to an individual (authorship attribution). This work is particularly concerned with the ideas on style proposed by Sociolinguistics and Discourse Semiotics and their relation to forensic authorship analysis. It seeks to demonstrate how the incorporation of the analysis of the content plane can assist authorship examination. Regarding sociolinguistic profiling, this work suggested that the membership in a social group proposed here as a \"discourse universe\" can be revealed through the analysis of semantic recurrence (and not only by observing linguistic variables, that is, one or more ways to say the same \"thing\"). In order to accomplish that, we analyze a set of writings from the investigation of what became known as \"Realengo Massacre\". Such an analysis indicates that the texts under scrutiny seem to have been written, if not by the same author, at least by authors within the same social group. As for authorship attribution, it is necessary to know if the features examined in semiotic analysis can really distinguish authors. Hence, we performed a quantitative study with 4 authors, wherein each author contributed with 20 texts divided into 2 groups of 10 (Author 1A, Author 1B, and so on). The hypothesis was that texts from a single author would be more similar to each other than texts from different authors, when it comes to an analysis of the content plane. The results seem to confirm the hypothesis; thus semiotic features may successfully be used in questioned authorship scenarios.
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O sistema vocálico do saami de Skolt: uma perspectiva diacrônica / The Skolt Saami vowel system: a diachronic perspective

Beatriz Domingues Corá Fuser 25 October 2017 (has links)
A presente pesquisa visa ao estudo do sistema vocálico do saami skolt (língua da família fino-úgrica, falada na Finlândia e na Rússia) ao longo do século XX, com base em dados bibliográficos, mais especificamente transcrições fonéticas feitas nos períodos pré- e pós-realocações do povo saami skolt dos vilarejos originais para a Finlândia. Procuro fazer um estudo dialetal, traçando as particularidades dos dialetos originais quanto ao sistema vocálico, e analisar esses dois registros da língua à luz da perspectiva variacionista de Labov (Weinreich et al., 1968) e Guy (Guy, 2003), considerando também as relações de contato. O saami skolt é uma língua minoritária, falada por um povo indígena de mesmo nome, cujo número estimado de falantes varia entre 150 e 300 (Feist, 2015, 22). Impactos profundos na comunidade de fala ocorreram ao longo do século XX, em especial, a realocação do povo saami skolt de seus territórios originais na Rússia para a Finlândia, por volta da década de 40. O corpus da pesquisa foi organizado a partir do registro em transcrição fonética dos dialetos originais, feito no período pré-realocações, por Toivo Itkonen, no formato do dicionário Koltan- ja Kuolanlapin sanakirja (Itkonen, 2011 [1958]) e as transcrições fonéticas e fonológicas da língua feitas entre as décadas de 60 e 70 por Korhonen (1971); Korhonen et al. (1973). A Grammar of Skolt Saami (Feist, 2015), que aborda também a situação do saami skolt no século XXI, é uma das bases para a pesquisa e descrição da língua. Através da análise dos dados, foi possível observar e descrever a heterogeneidade da língua e de seus dialetos quanto ao inventário de vogais e ditongos. Um dos fatores observados foi, no dialeto de Paatsjoki, a ocorrência alofones anteriorizados, em comparação aos dialetos de Suonikylä e Nuortijärvi. / This research aims at the study of the vowel system of Skolt Saami (a Finnougric language spoken in Finland and Russia) over the 20th century, based on bibliographic data, more specifically phonetic transcriptions previous to and after the relocation of the Skolt people from their original villages to Finland. I intend to do a dialect study, describing the features of the original dialects regarding the vowel system and analyse these two records of the language guided by the variacionist approach of Labov (Weinreich et al., 1968) and Guy (Guy, 2003), also taking into account the languages contact relations. The Skolt Saami is a minority language spoken by a homonymous indigenous people, with an estimated number of speakers that varies between 150 and 300 (Feist, 2015, 22). The speech community went through deep impacts over the 20th century, in particular the relocation of the Skolt Saami people from their original territories in Russia to Finland, around the 1940s. The corpus was compiled using the records in phonetic transcriptions of the original dialects made by Toivo Itkonen, prior to the relocations, in the dictionary Koltan- ja Kuolanlapin sanakirja (Itkonen, 2011 [1958]), as well as the phonetic and phonemic transcriptions of the language made between the 1960s and 1970s by Korhonen (1971); Korhonen et al. (1973). A Grammar of Skolt Saami (Feist, 2015), which approaches the Skolt Saami situation also in the 21st century, is one of the basis for this project and description of the language. Through the analysis of data, it was possible to observe and describe the heterogeneity of the language regarding the vowel and diphthong inventory. One of the features found was, in the dialect of Paatsjoki, the occurrence of more fronted allophones, in comparison to the inventory of the dialects of Suonikylä and Nuortijärvi.

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