Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-09-06T18:32:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRC.pdf: 1562148 bytes, checksum: 9921840ad67ef82d956e399ab96dd78c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T16:56:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRC.pdf: 1562148 bytes, checksum: 9921840ad67ef82d956e399ab96dd78c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T16:56:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRC.pdf: 1562148 bytes, checksum: 9921840ad67ef82d956e399ab96dd78c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T17:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRC.pdf: 1562148 bytes, checksum: 9921840ad67ef82d956e399ab96dd78c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Outra / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) / With the evolution of next generation sequencing devices, the cost for obtaining genomic data has significantly reduced. With reduced costs for sequencing, the amount of genomic data to be processed has increased exponentially. Such data growth supersedes the rate at which computing power can be increased year after year by the hardware and software evolution. Thus, the higher rate of data growth in bioinformatics raises the need for exploiting more efficient and scalable techniques based on parallel and distributed processing, including platforms like Clusters, and Cloud Computing. BLAST is a widely used tool for genomic sequences alignment, which has native support for multicore-based parallel processing. However, its scalability is limited to a single machine. On the other hand, Cloud computing has emerged as an important technology for supporting rapid and elastic provisioning of large amounts of resources. Current frameworks like Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark provide support for the execution of distributed applications. Such environments provide mechanisms for embedding external applications in order to compose large distributed jobs which can be executed on clusters and cloud platforms. In this work, we used Spark to support the high scalable and efficient parallelization of BLAST (Basic Local Alingment Search Tool) to execute on dozens to hundreds of processing cores on a cloud platform. As result, our prototype has demonstrated better performance and scalability then CloudBLAST, a Hadoop based parallelization of BLAST. / Com a redução dos custos e evolução dos mecanismos que efetuam o sequenciamento genômico, tem havido um grande aumento na quantidade de dados referentes aos estudos da genomica. O crescimento desses dados tem ocorrido a taxas mais elevadas do que a industria tem conseguido aumentar o poder dos computadores a cada ano. Para melhor atender a necessidade de processamento e analise de dados em bioinformatica faz-se o uso de sistemas paralelos e distribuídos, como por exemplo: Clusters, Grids e Nuvens Computacionais. Contudo, muitas ferramentas, como o BLAST, que fazem o alinhamento entre sequencias e banco de dados, nao foram desenvolvidas para serem processadas de forma distribuída e escalavel. Os atuais frameworks Apache Hadoop e Apache Spark permitem a execucao de aplicacoes de forma distribuída e paralela, desde que as aplicacoes possam ser devidamente adaptadas e paralelizadas. Estudos que permitam melhorar desempenho de aplicacoes em bioinformatica tem se tornado um esforço contínuo. O Spark tem se mostrado uma ferramenta robusta para processamento massivo de dados. Nesta pesquisa de mestrado a ferramenta Apache Spark foi utilizada para dar suporte ao paralelismo da ferramenta BLAST (Basic Local Alingment Search Tool). Experimentos realizados na nuvem Google Cloud e Microsoft Azure demonstram desempenho (speedup) obtido foi similar ou melhor que trabalhos semelhantes ja desenvolvidos em Hadoop.

Fuel for nuclear reactors with an increased thermal conductivity offers the potential for lower fuel operating temperatures and reduced fission gas release rates. Uranium dioxide (UO2) based composites offer a method of achieving a higher thermal conductivity. Silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum (Mo) have been identified as potential candidates for use in a composite fuel material. Uranium dioxide composites were manufactured with the inclusion of whiskers and granules of SiC up to a 30 vol% loading. The manufacturing route used was based on the current process employed to commercially manufacture UO2 fuel, by reductive sintering. Composites containing Mo were manufactured via spark plasma sintering and included loadings of up to 10 vol% Mo. The composites were characterised on their microstructural properties and where appropriate the thermal conductivity was determined by laser flash analysis. The composites containing SiC achieved low densities, 95%TD. The microstructure contained channel like structures of Mo, due to the use of an agglomerated UO2 precursor powder. An increased thermal conductivity was determined for the molybdenum composites. At the maximum measurement temperature of 800°C the increase was found to be 68% in the 10 vol% composites compared to UO2.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma metodologia de síntese de pós nanométricos a submicrônicos de Y2W3O12, como também relacionar as propriedades óticas, térmicas e mecânicas do Al2W3O12 com métodos distintos de sinterização. As partículas de Y2W3O12 foram obtidas pelo método de co-precipitação reversa modificada mantendo pH constante, com o intuito de manter a supersaturação elevada, garantindo alta taxa de nucleação evitando o crescimento indesejável dos núcleos. As metodologias para cristalização empregadas (tratamento hidrotérmico e calcinação) permitiram obter pós submicrônicos de Y2W3O12 (0.3 ̶ 0.5 Mm) com menor grau de aglomeração em relação ao previamente reportado na literatura. O envelhecimento da dispersão de Y2W3O12 revelou diminuição do tamanho médio de aglomerados em 50 por cento quando comparado à distribuição primária de aglomerados precursores. A dispersão utilizando surfactante CTAB reduziu a aglomeração em 50 por cento. O pó de Al2W3O12 foi sinterizado pelo método de spark plasma sintering (SPS) e comparado com Al2W3O12 sinterizado pelo método de três etapas 1. As propriedades óticas e mecânicas foram estudadas, revelando comportamento distinto entre os materiais consolidados por vias diferentes, evidenciando a importância do método de sinterização sobre a microestrutura final e sobre formação de defeitos pontuais. A espectroscopia de refletância difusa revelou que as amostras obtidas por SPS apresentam absorbância total na faixa da luz visível, sendo coerente com sua coloração preta fosca, assim, a energia de banda proibida dessas amostras situa-se abaixo da energia do espectro visível (EGAP menor que 1,7eV). A amostra sinterizada em três etapas, de coloração branca, possui absorbância parcial no UV-Vis, absorvendo todos os comprimentos de onda até 300nm e conforme o comprimento de onda aumenta e adentra na região visível a absorbância diminui e se torna nula. As amostras de SPS apresentaram ganho expressivo no módulo de Young (80 por cento) e dureza (61-116 por cento) quando comparado com o material obtido por sinterização convencional, previamente descrito na literatura 2, 1. As amostras de SPS quando comparadas com a amostra sinterizada em três etapas 1, apresentou módulo de Young 47 por cento maior e aumento de dureza entre 19-59 por cento, embora, ambas apresentem mesma densidade relativa de 96 por cento, sendo as amostras de SPS com microestrutura de grãos nanométricos proporcionando maior resistência mecânica. O CTE das amostras SPS foi medido, sendo similar ao valor encontrado para a amostra em três etapas 2, constatando que o CTE não foi afetado pela intorução dos defeitos pontuais na Al2W3O12 durante SPS. / [en] The aim of this work is to establish a methodology for the synthesis of submicron nanocomposites of Y2W3O12, as well as to relate the properties, optical and mechanical, of Al2W3O12 with different methods of sintering. The Y2W3O12 particles were obtained by the modified reverse co-precipitation method, maintaining a constant pH along the drip, in order to maintain a high super saturation, ensuring a high nucleation rate, avoiding the undesirable growth of the nuclei. As the methodologies for the crystallization used (hydrothermal treatment and calcination) allowed to obtain post-submicron of Y2W3O12 (0.3 - 0.5 Mm) with lower degree of agglomeration in relation to the report published in the literature. The aging of the dispersion was studied and showed a decrease of 50 percent the average size of agglomerates when compared to the primary distribution of precursor agglomerates. A dispersion using CTAB surfactant reduced 50 percent the agglomeration, as verified by characterization techniques. The Al2W3O12 powder was sintered by the Sintering of Spark Plasma method (SPS) and compared with Al2W3O12 sintered by the three-step method (TSS) 1. The optical and mechanics properties were studied, revealing a differentiated behavior between materials consolidated by different paths, evidencing the importance of the sintering method in a final microstructure. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the samples obtained by SPS, it is able to absorb the total wavelengths in the visible light range, being consistent with its black matte color, so the energy gap is below the energy of the spectrum visible (EGAP less than 1.7 eV). The conventional (white) sample absorb all wavelengths up to 300 nm and increasing wavelength decreases absorption and renders it zero. The samples by SPS showed significant gain in the Young s modulus (80 percent) and hardness (61-116 percent) when compared to TSS sample 2, 1. The SPS samples when compared to TSS sample [1], the Young s modulus increased 47 percent and the hardness increased 19-59 percent, although both of them obtained 96 percent relative densities. The reason for the improve of mechanical properties of SPS samples is justified by nanosized grain microstructure providing greater mechanical resistance. The CTE of the SPS samples was measured, being similar to the value found for a three-step sample 2, noting that the CTE was not affected by the introduction of defects in Al2W3O12 after SPS.

L'allègement des structures est devenu un enjeu majeur pour les industries du transport. Afin de répondre à cette demande, une stratégie de recherche d'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux, présentant des propriétés spécifiques égalant a minima les propriétés des matériaux en service, a été mise en place. C'est dans ce contexte général que s'inscrivent ces travaux sur la phase MAX Ti3AlC2. La tenue à l'oxydation et les propriétés en traction et en fluage traction à haute température (800-1000°C) ont été évaluées pour des échantillons élaborés au cours de cette étude par métallurgie des poudres (frittage naturel + frittage flash). Les différents essais menés en oxydation ont montré l'existence de deux comportements (oxydation passivante ou catastrophique suivant la nature des oxydes formés) majoritairement contrôlés par les caractéristiques microstructurales des échantillons (taille de grains, nature des éléments en site A, rugosité et porosité). Les premiers essais de fluage traction réalisés sur la phase MAX Ti3AlC2 ont souligné la bonne ductilité de ces matériaux. De plus, les propriétés spécifiques sont comparables, voire dépassent, celles de superalliages polycristallins et d'aluminures de titane. Une étude multi-échelle a mis en évidence une déformation se produisant par glissement aux joints de grains à 900 et 1000°C et par mouvement de dislocations à 800°C. Un endommagement de type cavitation accompagné par des phénomènes d'oxydation de fissures en surface des fûts a été mis en lumière. / The lightening of structures has become a major challenge for transport industries. New materials with, at least, equivalent specific properties to currently used materials have been designed in order to cope with this challenge. In this regard, Ti3AlC2 MAX phase has been studied. The high temperature (800-1000°C) oxidation resistance and tension and tensile creep properties were assessed for Ti3AlC2 samples elaborated using a powder metallurgy process (pressureless sintering + spark plasma sintering). The various oxidation tests pointed out two different behaviors (protective oxidation or catastrophic one depending on the grown oxides nature) mainly controlled by samples microstructural features (grains size, elements on A site, roughness and porosity). The first tensile creep tests ever performed on Ti3AlC2 MAX phase indicates the high ductility of these materials whose specific properties reach or surpass those of polycrystalline superalloys and titanium aluminides. A multi-scale study highlights deformation mechanisms occurring through intergranular sliding at 900 and 1000°C and through dislocations glide at 800°C. Damage mechanisms occurring through cavitation supported by crack oxidation phenomena on gauge length surface were also underlined.

Une des solutions pour diminuer les émissions polluantes émises par un moteur à combustion interne est de réinjecter une partie des gaz d’échappement (Exhaust Gas Recirculation, EGR) à l'admission. Cependant, dans le cas d’une dilution du mélange air-carburant trop importante, la combustion est plus instable voire ne pas s’entretenir. L’ajout d’une faible quantité d’hydrogène a le potentiel de contrer cet effet négatif de forte dilution. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail de thèse est basé sur une étude détaillée des effets combinés de l’ajout de l’hydrogène et de la dilution dans un moteur à allumage commandé alimenté par du méthane ou de l’iso-octane. Dans la première partie de ce travail, le potentiel de l’ajout de l’hydrogène combiné à la dilution, en termes d’émissions polluantes et de rendement global du moteur, est montré. Dans la deuxième partie, afin de mieux comprendre l’effet de l’hydrogène et de la dilution dans un moteur à combustion interne et leurs influences sur les propriétés fondamentales de la combustion, la vitesse de combustion laminaire, paramètre fondamentale, a été déterminée expérimentalement pour des mélanges isooctane ou méthane avec de l’air contenant différents pourcentages d’hydrogène et de dilution. Des corrélations ont pu ainsi être formulées permettant d’estimer la vitesse fondamentale de combustion laminaire pour ces mélanges. Dans la dernière partie, l’utilisation de deux diagnostics optiques (la chemiluminescence de la flamme et la tomographie par plan laser du front de flamme couplé à la mesure de vitesse par vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules) a permis de quantifier l’effet de l’hydrogène et de la dilution sur la propagation de flamme turbulente dans un moteur à allumage commandé muni d’accès optiques. Nous avons ainsi montré que le la vitesse de combustion laminaire a un effet prépondérant, comparé au nombre de Lewis, sur la vitesse de combustion turbulente dans un moteur à allumage commandé. / Optimization of the intake air-fuel mixture composition is one way to reduce pollutant emissions in Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. This can be achieved by operating with a diluted mixture, i.e by recirculating the exhaust. There are however limitations on the level of dilution that can ensure the smooth running of SI engines since diluting the air-fuel mixture induces an increase in combustion duration and in cyclic variations which impair engine performance. Adding an amount of hydrogen to the fuel can extend the dilution and the lean engine operability limits, which is beneficial in reducing both emission levels and fuel consumption. The objective of this study is to investigate the combined effects of hydrogen addition and nitrogen dilution in an SI engine fuelled with iso-octane or methane. In the first part of this study, we proved that high values of indicated engine efficiency and low values of pollutant emissions can be achieved by combining hydrogen addition and diluted air-fuel mixtures in the case of SI engines. In the second part, we provided experimental values of laminar burning velocity for diluted methane or iso-octane/hydrogen/air mixtures for a better understanding of the hydrogen and dilution effects on the fundamental properties of laminar combustion. New correlations to estimate laminar burning speeds of these mixtures were also presented. In the last part, the effects of hydrogen addition, with and without nitrogen dilution, on the turbulent flame propagation were investigated in an optical SI engine fuelled with iso-octane or methane. This study was done by using two different experimental techniques (direct flame radiation visualization and laser tomography images with Particle Image Velocimetry). The main conclusion is that the laminar burning velocity, rather than the Lewis number, has the dominant effect on the turbulent burning velocity in an SI engine.

Depuis plusieurs années, la diminution des réserves de pétrole incite les différents pays à accroitre leur indépendance énergétique. De plus, diminuer l’impact environnemental de la voiture est devenu l’une des priorités de notre société. En ce sens, les normes Européennes anti-pollution sont devenues plus strictes, tandis que certains polluants sont pointés du doigt pour avoir un impact néfaste sur la santé et l’environnement. Pour répondre à cette double problématique, l’utilisation de biocarburants de type alcools dans les moteurs à allumage commandé est l’une des voies envisagées. Ce virage a déjà été entrepris à petite échelle par l’Union Européenne qui a tout d’abord autorisé l’ajout de 5%, puis de 10% d’éthanol dans l’essence. En plus de l’éthanol déjà commercialisé, le Biobutanol, biocarburant de seconde génération, apparait comme un candidat à fort potentiel pour une utilisation dans les moteurs à allumage commandé. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier le potentiel de l’utilisation de mélanges isooctane/butanol dans les moteurs à allumage commandé, en termes de performances et d’émissions polluantes. De plus, ces résultats sont comparés à ceux de mélanges isooctane/éthanol. Le dégagement de chaleur dans un moteur à allumage commandé est en partie piloté par la vitesse de combustion laminaire. Cette caractéristique a été étudiée de manière expérimentale et numérique pour différentes conditions initiales (pression et richesse) dans une enceinte à volume constant. Puis, une étude sur les premières étapes de la propagation de la combustion a été réalisée dans un moteur monocylindre à accès optique. Ces résultats en moteur ont été corrélés avec les informations laminaires. Enfin, les émissions de polluants réglementés et non-réglementés, ainsi que les performances ont été étudiées dans un moteur monocylindre à allumage commandé. Une baisse de la plupart de ces émissions a été observée avec l’ajout des deux alcools. / For the past few years, the oil stock decrease encourages the different countries to increase their energy independence. Moreover, reducing the environmental impact of transportation became one of the priorities of our society. In this way, European emissions standards are stricter while several pollutants have been identified to have a negative impact on health and the environment. To answer this double problem, the use of alcohols biofuels in spark-ignition engines is one the promising ways. The European Union have already taken a small step in that direction by allowing a maximum of 10% of ethanol into gasoline. As well as ethanol is already marketed, Biobutanol, a 2nd generation biofuel, appears as a serious candidate with a strong potential for a spark-ignition engines use. The objective of this dissertation is to study the potential of the iso-octane/butanol blends use in spark-ignition engines, in terms of performance and pollutants emissions. Moreover, these results are compared to isooctane/ethanol blends. The heat release in spark-ignition engine is piloted for a part by laminar burning velocity. This characteristic was studied experimentally and numerically for different initial conditions (pressure and equivalence ratio) in a constant volume bomb. Then, the early flame kernel growth was studied in a spark-ignition single cylinder engine equipped with optical accesses. Those results were correlated with the results on the laminar burning velocity. Finally, regulated and non-regulated pollutants emissions and engine performance were investigated in a spark-ignition single cylinder engine. A decrease of most pollutant emissions was observed with both alcohols addition.

Uma nova metodologia para a criação de mapas base de injeção eletrônica de combustível para motores de combustão interna de ignição a centelha é apresentada e seu comportamento é comparado com os resultados fornecidos pela metodologia MVEM. A partir da utilização de equacionamentos da literatura, é feita uma modelagem do ciclo ideal Otto para um motor genérico alternativo monocilíndrico de 500 cm³ de volume deslocado. É modelada também uma válvula do tipo borboleta genérica de 0,06 m³ de diâmetro que opera tanto em regime subsônico quanto sônico. A pressão à jusante da borboleta é calculada para aberturas de 5° a 88,64°. Os modelos são acoplados a partir da vazão mássica de ar admitida, que é o parâmetro principal, sendo programados e simulados usando o programa comercial EES. O mapa base de pressão por abertura de borboleta por rotação resultante mostra o detalhe de descontinuidade pelo uso das equações de vazão mássica juntamente com a imposta pelas equações de coeficiente de descarga, implicando na mudança brusca de valores de pressão calculados para a região de abertura menor que 20%. O mapa de vazão mássica de combustível por rotação e por abertura de borboleta para uma razão estequiométrica de 14,67 também é gerado. Nele é possível observar a demanda por vazão mássica de combustível para cada rotação e abertura da válvula borboleta mostrando o caminho a ser seguido pelo motor para que seja atingida a vazão mássica necessária para obter-se a relação ar/combustível desejada. A metodologia proposta gera mapas base de combustível para módulos de injeção eletrônica. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de gráficos. O modelo produz resultados satisfatórios, reproduzindo o comportamento da válvula borboleta, comparado com a literatura. / A new methodology for EMS base maps to the internal combustion spark ignition engines is presented. Its behavior is compared with results from the MVEM methodology. From the technical literature an ideal Otto cycle for a generic reciprocating single cylinder engine with 500 cm³ of displaced volume. Also, throttle valve with a diameter of 0.06 m of diameter operating in subsonic and sonic flow regime is modeled. The downstream pressure is calculated for throttle openings of 5° to 88.64°. The models are coupled using the engine air mass flow rate as the main parameter, being programmed and simulated using a commercial EES software. The base map of pressure versus throttle opening and engine speed shows the discontinuity detail imposed from the mass flow and discharge coefficient equations, resulting into a abrupt change of pressure values calculated for an opening region less than 20%. The fuel mass flow versus revolutions per minute versus throttle valve opening for stoichiometric air fuel ratio of 14.67 is also generated. In such map it is possible to show the fuel mass flow demand for each rotation and throttle opening showing the path to be followed by the engine to reach the mass air flow needed to reach the target air fuel ratio. This methodology generates base fuel maps for electronic fuel injection modules. The results are presented in graph forms. The model presents satisfactory results that reproduce the throttle valve behavior, compared to the literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ask_cca_dr_assis.pdf: 1033732 bytes, checksum: 63cf4cc3313aa02c9d461c59cd883799 (MD5) / Secretaria de Estado de Educação de São Paulo / Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma leitura dos contos da autora escocesa Muriel Spark, nos quais a importância das práticas narrarativas se manifesta como a característica mais evidente: a estrutura narrativa e as construções significativas agem em favor da expressão de um modo de estar no mundo e, mais regularmente, representam também o grande desafio que a leitura poderá abrigar ao tratar das personagens, em especial as femininas. No entanto, é necessária a identificação das referências que constituem os mundos ficcionais, geralmente atreladas à realidade e à proposição de novas formas de inteligibilidade. Em geral, estas formas estão implícitas no texto e cabe às leitoras e aos leitores acessá-las; para que isto ocorra, devemos reconhecer que estrutura narrativa e caracterização de personagens encontram-se intrinsecamente relacionadas. Por meio dos contos sparkianos, é possível ter uma ampla visão da obra da autora e, ao mesmo tempo, das práticas e experiências das mulheres historicamente situadas. Assim, a tese que defendemos é a de que os contos de Muriel Spark, com base nas construções significativas presentes no texto, permitem um diálogo entre o texto e a realidade sob o enfoque da personagem feminina. Servindo-se das referências adequadas, a leitura dos contos sparkianos pode contribuir para a compreensão das formas de interação das mulheres em seu próprio grupo e com o grupo dos homens / This study aims to perform a reading of the short stories of Scottish author Muriel Spark, in which the importance of the narrative practices manifests itself as their most evident feature: the narrative structure and the building of significances may favor the expression of a mode of being in the world and, more regularly, they also represent the great challenge that reading can accommodate concerning the characters, especially the female ones. However, it is necessary to identify the references that constitute the fictional worlds, usually tied to reality and proposing new forms of intelligibility. In general, these forms are implicit in the text and it is a readers’ task to access them; for this to occur, we must recognize that narrative structure and characterization are intrinsically linked. Through the sparkian characters it is possible to get a broad overview of the work of the author and, at the same time, the practices and experiences of women historically situated. Thus, the thesis we defend is that the stories written by Muriel Spark, based on significant buildings in the text, enable a dialogue between text and reality from the perspective of female characters. With the appropriate references, the reading of those sparkian short stories can contribute to the understanding of the ways by which women interact within their own group and with the male group

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_ub_me_bauru.pdf: 543795 bytes, checksum: 581262bb224ded4effc598e684a95572 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A operação de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho têm sido bastante empregada no processo de fabricação de componentes que necessitem de excelente qualidade superficial obtida dentro de baixos níveis de tolerância dimensional. O tempo de centelhamento spark-out) é um parâmetro que permite que se alcance as dimensões desejadas, por meio da eliminação das deformações elásticas oriundas das intensas forças que agem na interface de contato peçaferramenta. O tempo de spark-out é definido como um período de inexistência de avanços do rebolo, todavia com remoção de material da peça que busca o posicionamento real. A experimentação envolvendo o tempo de centelhamento será aplicada na operação de retificação utilizando três métodos de lubri-refrigeração, sendo eles convencional, otimizado e MQL (Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação) para que, desta forma, seja possível fazer uma otimização global do processo. Optou-se por trabalhar com a técnica de MQL pelo fato desta se apresentar como uma nova tendência capaz de proporcionar redução de custos e ainda evitar uma intensa degradação do meio-ambiente, ocasionada por fluidos convencionais. O desempenho do processo foi verificado por meio dos seguintes parâmetros de saída: força tangencial de corte, emissão acústica, rugosidade, desvios de circularidade e desgaste diametral da ferramenta abrasiva. Analisando-se os resultados constatou-se quais os tempos de spark-out mais adequados para o processo de retificação e também em quais condições de trabalho a técnica de MQL pode ser eficazmente empregada. / The cylindrical plunge grinding operation has been used in the process of manufacture of components that need excellent gotten superficial quality of low levels of dimensional accuracy. Spark-out time is a parameter that has been sufficiently used exactly for contributing for the attainment of good surfaces with satisfactory geometric precision. This time is defined as a period of inexistence of advances of abrasive tool, and has as purpose to allow that the elastic deformations appeared at the moment of the advance of abrasive tool are eliminated. The experimentation involving spark-out was applied in the grinding operation using three types of coolant application, conventional and optimized and the Minimum Quantity of Lubrification (MQL), witch has been seen as environmentally correctly way, joining a little quantity of lubrificant oil with an intensive flow of compressed air. The performance of the process was verified by the following parameters: tangential cutting force, acoustic emission, roughness, roundness and wear of abrasive tool. The results shows what the most efficient spark-out applied in the grinding process and either conditions MQL can be well applied.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-17T17:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 teseDSFV.pdf: 5669668 bytes, checksum: 165ca1333f2345e5e1406b40a2c0548c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-22T13:43:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teseDSFV.pdf: 5669668 bytes, checksum: 165ca1333f2345e5e1406b40a2c0548c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-22T13:43:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teseDSFV.pdf: 5669668 bytes, checksum: 165ca1333f2345e5e1406b40a2c0548c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T13:49:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teseDSFV.pdf: 5669668 bytes, checksum: 165ca1333f2345e5e1406b40a2c0548c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / In the case of composites materials, which presents the magnetoelectric coupling, there are so many questions about the influence of the microstructure on the coupled and uncoupled properties. Thereby, this work proposes the study of the grain size influence, of ferroelectric and magnetic phases, on the magnetic, electric and coupled properties in particulate magnetoelectric composites. In order to study the relationship property/microstructure in volumetric magnetoelectric composites, it was necessary to prepare samples with different average grain sizes, ie, the phases having average grain size in the order of micrometers or nanometers. To perform this study it was used as magnetic phase the CoFe2O4 and, as the ferroelectric phase, the [0,675] Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 – [0,325] PbTiO3, mixed in molar ratio 20/80 %, using techniques like micro ball milling (to reduce particle size) and high energy ball milling (to mixture the phases) during the powder syntheses, and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to densify the bulk. Due the presence of secondary phases in sintered composites generated during the application of SPS, a processing protocol was created based on a post sintering thermal treatment, in PbO rich atmosphere, which allowed the reduction of secondary phases without, however, changing the average size of grain. These procedures resulted in composite material suitable for the investigations of the electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties, considering the different microstructures obtained. The magnetoelectric composites showed the self-biased effect arising from the intrinsic strain generated in one phase over the other. It was observed the properties dependence, coupled or uncoupled, with average grain size of both phases. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric composites presented the selfbiased effect that appears due to intrinsic strain generated from one phase over the other. Moreover, the evolution of the magnetoelectric coefficient behavior as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field has been more dependent on the variation of the average grain size of the ferroelectric phase than the ferrimagnetic phase, which can be attributed to the largest amount of ferroelectric phase in the structure compound. / No caso de materiais compósitos, que apresentam o acoplamento magnetoelétrico, existem muitas questões sobre influência da microestrutura nas propriedades independentes e acopladas das fases. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe o estudo da influência do tamanho médio de grão, tanto da fase ferroelétrica quanto da magnética, nas propriedades elétricas, magnéticas e de acoplamento em compósitos magnetoelétricos particulados. Com o objetivo de estudar a relação propriedade / microestrutura em compósitos magnetoelétricos volumétricos, fez-se necessária a preparação de amostras com tamanho médio de grão distintos, ou seja, as fases possuindo tamanho médio de grão na ordem de micrômetros ou nanômetros. Para a realização deste estudo, foi utilizada como fase magnética o CoFe2O4 e, como fase ferroelétrica, o [0,675] Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 – [0,325] PbTiO3, misturados na proporção molar 20/80, utilizando técnicas como micromoagem (para redução de partículas) e moagem de altas energias (para a mistura homogênea das fases) durante a síntese dos pós, e a de Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) para a densificação dos corpos cerâmicos compósitos. Devido à presença de fases secundárias nos compósitos sinterizados, geradas durante a aplicação de SPS, foi criado um protocolo de processamento baseado em tratamento térmico pós-sinterização, com atmosfera rica em PbO, o qual possibilitou a redução das fases secundárias sem, contudo, alterar os tamanhos médios de grão. Tais procedimentos resultaram em material compósito adequado à realização das investigações das propriedades elétricas, magnéticas e magnetoelétricas, considerando as diferentes microestruturas obtidas. Os compósitos magnetoelétricos apresentaram o efeito self-biased, que aparece devido ao strain intrínseco gerado de uma fase sobre a outra. Foi observada a dependência das propriedades, acopladas ou não, com o tamanho médio de grão de ambas as fases. Além disso, a evolução do comportamento do coeficiente magnetoelétrico em função da temperatura e do campo magnético se mostrou mais dependente da variação do tamanho médio de grão da fase ferroelétrica do que da ferrimagnética, fato que pode ser atribuído à maior quantidade de fase ferroelétrica na estrutura do composto.