Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som vårdar patienter med en beroendediagnos upplever att det är en balansgång mellan frustration och förståelse över patientens situation. Sjuksköterskor upplever även att de behövde en ökad förståelse för sina egna reaktioner. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda personer med beroendediagnos inom specialiserad beroendevård. Metod: En kvalitativ studie där nio sjuksköterskor intervjuades under december 2015 och januari 2016. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkommer två huvudkategorier i denna studie, relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten samt rollen som sjuksköterska. Deltagarna i studien berättar om att en individanpassad vård är det bästa för patienten. Det framkommer att drogen enbart är en del av patientens problem och att dessa patienter blir felbehandlade i icke specialiserad beroendevård. De tar även upp att det pågår en ständig diskussion kring mediciner samt att det finns en maktutövning inom vården. Deltagarna i studien berättar även om hot och våld samt påfrestningar. Deltagarna framhåller att det är viktigt att vara trygg i sin profession samt att kunna samarbeta med andra Slutsats: En individanpassas vård ger bäst resultat av den omvårdnad som ges. En annan slutsats är att tydliga rutiner och riktlinjer gör att man känner sig trygg i sitt arbete. Vidare slutsatser är att det skulle vara av intresse att forska vidare på samma frågeställning men ur ett genusperspektiv. / Background: Earlier studies regarding nurses experiences shows that nurses fell that there is a balance between frustration and understanding of the patient's situation when they care for patients whit a substance use disorder. Nurses also experience that they needed a better understanding regarding their own reactions. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences when caring of persons with a substance use disorders in specialized addiction care units. Method: A qualitative study was performed during December 2015 and January 2016, nine nurses were interviewed. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Results: Two main categories appeared in this study, the relationship between the nurse and the patient, as well as the role of the nurse. Participants in the study tells us that individualized care is the best for the patient. It appears that the drug is only a part of the patient's problem, and that these patients are mistreated in nonspecialized care. The participants also talk about the fact that there is a continual discussion of medications between the patient and the nurse. It further shows that the power over the care is divided. Participants in this study also mentions threats, violence and stress. Participants emphasize that it is important to be confident in their own profession and to be able to cooperate with others. Conclusion: An individualized care gives the best results for the patient. It is important that the nurse is confident in their professional capacity and has support from their colleagues. Another conclusion is that guidelines makes the nurse feel safer during work. Further conclusions are that it would be of interest to further research in the same issue but from a gender perspective.

Thesis (MEd (Specialised Education))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The site for the study is a Western Cape school for industry that became a school of skills in 1999. According to the S.A. National Association for Specialised Education (SANASE) (2001:1), a school of skills, also referred to as a special school, caters for intellectually mildly disabled learners (IMD learners) who are characterised by their poor scholastic abilities in reading, writing and arithmetic skills, low self-esteem, poor self-concept, lack of motivation to study and their inability to cope with academically orientated work. These would be learners who were previously in mainstream schools but whose learning difficulties resulted in their being placed at special schools. These learners pose particular challenges to their school environments, and teachers who work with such special needs learners require specialised training to equip them for their tasks. Teachers at schools of skills, however, generally have no additional training. This study had as focus teachers' understanding of their roles at a school of skills. This study uses an ecosystemic approach within an interpretive research framework to obtain in-depth data on teachers' understanding of the learners' learning needs and the concomitant challenges to classroom learning and their teaching. It also explored teachers' interpretations of their professional positioning amidst the demands posed by an outcomes-based curriculum. The study found that, despite ongoing in-service training initiatives, teachers insist that they need learner-specific guidance as they were incapable of providing suitable learning to their learners. They believe that their learners will need life-long learning support. Such beliefs create barriers to successful learning and can also marginalize learners, preventing them from being part of the mainstream of community life. The study found that the successful implementation of inclusive classroom learning is left largely to teachers' personal initiative. Although some teachers achieved positive results, the majority of teachers at the site failed to provide successful learning. It seems that learning success at schools of skill is dependent on positive teacher expectations of learners learning.

Multilingual terminological resources do not always include valid equivalents of legal terms for two main reasons. Firstly, legal systems can differ from one language community to another and even from one country to another because each has its own history and traditions. As a result, the non-isomorphism between legal and linguistic systems may render the identification of equivalents a particularly challenging task. Secondly, by focusing primarily on the definition of equivalence, a notion widely discussed in translation but not in terminology, the literature does not offer solid and systematic methodologies for assigning terminological equivalents. As a result, there is a lack of criteria to guide both terminologists and translators in the search and validation of equivalent terms. This problem is even more evident in the case of predicative units, such as verbs. Although some terminologists (L‘Homme 1998; Lerat 2002; Lorente 2007) have worked on specialized verbs, terminological equivalence between units that belong to this part of speech would benefit from a thorough study. By proposing a novel methodology to assign the equivalents of specialized verbs, this research aims at defining validation criteria for this kind of predicative units, so as to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of terminological equivalence as well as to the development of multilingual terminography in general, and to the development of legal terminography, in particular. The study uses a Portuguese-English comparable corpus that consists of a single genre of texts, i.e. Supreme Court judgments, from which 100 Portuguese and 100 English specialized verbs were selected. The description of the verbs is based on the theory of Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore and Atkins 1992), on the FrameNet methodology (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010), as well as on the methodology for compiling specialized lexical resources, such as DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008), developed in the Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte at the Université de Montréal. The research reviews contributions that have adopted the same theoretical and methodological framework to the compilation of lexical resources and proposes adaptations to the specific objectives of the project. In contrast to the top-down approach adopted by FrameNet lexicographers, the approach described here is bottom-up, i.e. verbs are first analyzed and then grouped into frames for each language separately. Specialized verbs are said to evoke a semantic frame, a sort of conceptual scenario in which a number of mandatory elements (core Frame Elements) play specific roles (e.g. ARGUER, JUDGE, LAW), but specialized verbs are often accompanied by other optional information (non-core Frame Elements), such as the criteria and reasons used by the judge to reach a decision (statutes, codes, previous decisions). The information concerning the semantic frame that each verb evokes was encoded in an xml editor and about twenty contexts illustrating the specific way each specialized verb evokes a given frame were semantically and syntactically annotated. The labels attributed to each semantic frame (e.g. [Compliance], [Verdict]) were used to group together certain synonyms, antonyms as well as equivalent terms. The research identified 165 pairs of candidate equivalents among the 200 Portuguese and English terms that were grouped together into 76 frames. 71% of the pairs of equivalents were considered full equivalents because not only do the verbs evoke the same conceptual scenario but their actantial structures, the linguistic realizations of the actants and their syntactic patterns were similar. 29% of the pairs of equivalents did not entirely meet these criteria and were considered partial equivalents. Reasons for partial equivalence are provided along with illustrative examples. Finally, the study describes the semasiological and onomasiological entry points that JuriDiCo, the bilingual lexical resource compiled during the project, offers to future users. / Les ressources multilingues portant sur le domaine juridique n‘incluent pas toujours d‘équivalents valides pour deux raisons. D‘abord, les systèmes juridiques peuvent différer d‘une communauté linguistique à l‘autre et même d‘un pays à l‘autre, car chacun a son histoire et ses traditions. Par conséquent, le phénomène de la non-isomorphie entre les systèmes juridiques et linguistiques rend difficile la tâche d‘identification des équivalents. En deuxième lieu, en se concentrant surtout sur la définition de la notion d‘équivalence, notion largement débattue en traductologie, mais non suffisamment en terminologie, la littérature ne propose pas de méthodologies solides et systématiques pour identifier les équivalents. On assiste donc à une absence de critères pouvant guider tant les terminologues que les traducteurs dans la recherche et la validation des équivalents des termes. Ce problème est encore plus évident dans le cas d‘unités prédicatives comme les verbes. Bien que certains terminologues (L'Homme, 1998; Lorente et Bevilacqua 2000; Costa et Silva 2004) aient déjà travaillé sur les verbes spécialisés, l‘équivalence terminologique, en ce qui concerne ce type d‘unités, bénéficierait d‘une étude approfondie. En proposant une méthodologie originale pour identifier les équivalents des verbes spécialisés, cette recherche consiste donc à définir des critères de validation de ce type d‘unités prédicatives afin de mieux comprendre le phénomène de l‘équivalence et aussi améliorer les ressources terminologiques multilingues, en général, et les ressources terminologiques multilingues couvrant le domaine juridique, en particulier. Cette étude utilise un corpus comparable portugais-anglais contenant un seul genre de textes, à savoir les décisions des cours suprêmes, à partir duquel 100 verbes spécialisés ont été sélectionnés pour chaque langue. La description des verbes se base sur la théorie de la sémantique des cadres (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore and Atkins 1992), sur la méthodologie de FrameNet (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010), ainsi que sur la méthodologie développée à l‘Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte pour compiler des ressources lexicales spécialisées, telles que le DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008). La recherche examine d‘autres contributions ayant déjà utilisé ce cadre théorique et méthodologique et propose des adaptations objectives du projet. Au lieu de suivre une démarche descendante comme le font les lexicographes de FrameNet, la démarche que nous décrivons est ascendante, c‘est-à-dire, pour chaque langue séparément, les verbes sont d‘abord analysés puis regroupés par cadres sémantiques. Dans cette recherche, chacun des verbes « évoque » un cadre ou frame, une sorte de scénario conceptuel, dans lequel un certain nombre d‘acteurs obligatoires (core Frame Elements) jouent des rôles spécifiques (le rôle de juge, le rôle d‘appelant, le rôle de la loi). Mis en discours, les termes sont souvent accompagnés d‘autres renseignements optionnels (non-core Frame Elements) comme ceux des critères utilisés par le juge pour rendre une décision (des lois, des codes, d‘autres décisions antérieures). Tous les renseignements concernant les cadres sémantiques que chacun des verbes évoque ont été encodés dans un éditeur xml et une vingtaine de contextes illustrant la façon spécifique dont chacun des verbes évoque un cadre donné ont été annotés. Les étiquettes attribuées à chaque cadre sémantique (ex. [Compliance], [Verdict]) ont servi à relier certains termes synonymes, certains termes antonymes ainsi que des candidats équivalents. Parmi les 200 termes portugais et anglais regroupés en 76 cadres, 165 paires de candidats équivalents ont été identifiés. 71% des paires d‘équivalents sont des équivalents parfaits parce que les verbes évoquent le même scénario conceptuel, leurs structures actancielles sont identiques, les réalisations linguistiques de chacun des actants sont équivalentes, et les patrons syntaxiques des verbes sont similaires. 29% des paires d‘équivalents correspondent à des équivalents partiels parce qu‘ils ne remplissent pas tous ces critères. Au moyen d‘exemples, l‘étude illustre tous les cas de figure observés et termine en présentant les différentes façons dont les futurs utilisateurs peuvent consulter le JuriDiCo, la ressource lexicale qui a été compilée pendant ce projet.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Although a specific program called the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) has been generally recognized as the best-practice model that addresses the needs of the police officers in responding to mental health calls, many jurisdictions across the country have not only adopted the full CIT model but also have taken the liberty of adding new components and/or removing components of the original model in order to create a unique program that fits the needs of their individual community. The issue of differentiated adaptations of the original CIT model has created a controversy around best practice in the area of police response to individuals with mental health issues who are in crisis. Using an on-line survey and interview methods, this study examined a relationship between the degree of variation within specialized policing response models and their corresponding community characteristics. Previous research shows that the components of the original CIT model have positive influence on officers’ confidence in interacting with people with mental illness. Therefore, this study also hypothesized that a rating of an SPR police officers’ job satisfaction was likely to correlate with the degree to which an SPR program adhered to the original CIT model. The study found that mental health resources, extent of presence of special populations in a community, existence of SPR policies in law enforcement, mental health, and dispatch departments, and how much law enforcement and mental health administrators supported the program, all predicted the degree of total deviation of a program from the original CIT model. Population density, related to a distinction between rural and non-rural communities, did not predict the degree of deviation from the original CIT model. The study also found that the degree of deviation of a program from the original CIT model did not strongly predict the rating of SPR officers’ job satisfaction. The study discusses the possible reasons for the results as well as implications for stakeholders who are considering implementation of a Specialized Policing Response model in their communities. Limitations of the current study’s research design are also discussed.

This thesis is concerned with comparing the education of nurses working in intensive care in the Czech and Slovak Republics. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are described the options for nursing education in anaesthesia, resuscitation and intensive care, both in the past and at present. Presented here is the comparison of the Czech and Slovak educational system, regulation of education, their similarities and differences. The aim of the empirical part is to find out what kind of education are nurses working with in the intensive care, what is their motivation to further education and to look at the current possibilities of nursing education in anaesthesia, resuscitation and intensive care in the Slovak and Czech Republic. To obtain the data for answers to these and other questions the questionnaire has been used; specifically the methods of quantitative research. The results are processed in tables and graphs. Keywords: History of nursing education, Specialized education, Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Regulation, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic

The thesis deals with specialized departments instituted in prisons for persons who are in jail execution. It picks up on the bachelor's thesis on compulsory treatment of persons while the imprisonment. Its sub-objective is to introduce the issue of prison system as a whole, apprise of the specific groups of convicted offenders who are currently put into specialized departments. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part presents the development of the prison system, the philosophy of punishment and highlights the humanization of the Czech prison system. The section, which is dedicated to specialized departments, itemizes the different types of these departments. An example of concrete prison which establishes such department is also always presented. More attention is paid to the Světlá nad Sázavou Prison, to its conception and to its specialized department for mothers with children. The objective of the thesis was to find out what view of Světlá nad Sázavou Prison with its specialized department take the citizens of Světlá nad Sázavou and the neighbouring residents and how the media affects the overall insight into this concernment or what other factors assert.

Experience of patients with disabilities and their close persons during hospitalisation demonstrates insufficient understanding to the needs of such people. This issue is also discussed in foreign literature, wherein the need to establish the position of a specialized worker who knows very well the conditions of the health care facility and the needs of people with disabilities is emphasized. The objective of this thesis is to point out the complex issue of the needs of people with learning disability and their close persons during hospitalisation. Hospitalisation itself is a difficult and demanding situation in any person's life. For persons with learning disability, this situation is even more serious. The thesis aims at describing the experience of persons with learning disability so that it may serve as the basis for improving their health care.

The thesis deals with the perception of the education's quality of the master's degree program of Intensive Care (NMgr. IC) at the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University (1st LF UK) of current and former students towards their motivation and attitudes. It is processed in two parts within the specified topic of the thesis motivation and attitudes of students to study in NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK. Introduction to the topic is focused on motivation and attitudes to study, qualification, specialization, continuous and higher education, to the list of educational opportunities in the field of intensive care, the competencies and their comparison with nurses and nurses in intensive care. The research is devoted to explore the perception of the education's quality for students and graduates of NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK in conjunction with other aspects. It contains the empirical quantitative research, which was carried out by an anonymous online questionnaire distributed via e-mail. The obtained data were analyzed by mathematical statistics and are presented in graphs or tables. In the study participated 22 of the 44 students in the 1st and 2nd year and 26 of the 87 surveyed graduates of NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK. Total research sample consisted of 48 respondents. The research clearly shows that...

Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation du milieu spécialisé des entreprises du risque technologique aux États-Unis. Dans le cadre de la recherche en anglais de spécialité, il s’agit de démontrer que les multinationales américaines du pétrole et des biotechnologies agricoles partagent un discours et une culture spécifiques, fondés sur une stratégie de légitimation de leurs activités. Cette stratégie de légitimation se manifeste à travers des choix structurels, lexicaux, syntaxiques et rhétoriques qui distinguent le discours spécialisé au sein du monde de l’entreprise. Dans la première partie, nous revenons sur les fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de ce travail : nous précisons la singularité du milieu formé par Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil et Conoco Phillips et présentons la méthodologie en trois temps, qui reflète le caractère pluridisciplinaire de l’anglais de spécialité. La seconde partie porte sur les manifestations de la stratégie de légitimation dans les déclarations de mission, les rapports annuels et les communiqués de presse des multinationales étudiées. L’analyse souligne des modifications de certains critères prototypiques, qui reflètent une conception particulière de la RSE et de la culture d’entreprise. Une perspective civilisationnelle est proposée afin d’éclairer l’adaptation du discours de l’entreprise au contexte local. La dernière partie traite des genres émergents, de l’adaptation des outils du Web 2.0. et de la mise en place de stratégies de « légidivertissement » et de « promodivertissement » sur Internet, afin de répondre aux enjeux communicationnels propres au domaine du risque technologique. / This dissertation focuses on the specialized milieu formed by technological risk companies in the United States. Within the framework of English for Specific Purposes, we aim to show that American multinationals specializing in oil and agricultural biotechnology share a specific discourse and culture based on legitimizing their activities. This legitimation strategy can be identified through structural, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical choices which set apart the specialized discourse of technological risk companies within the corporate world. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of our research: the specificity of the milieu formed by Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil and Conoco Phillips is clarified and the methodology, which reflects the pluridisciplinary nature of English for Specific Purposes, is explained. Part 2 concentrates on the manifestations of the legitimation strategy in the mission statements, annual reports and press releases of technological risk companies. The analysis underscores some modifications in the traditional genres of company discourse which reflect a specific vision of CSR and corporate culture. A cultural perspective is suggested to cast light on the local adaptation of corporate discourse. Part 3 concentrates on emerging cybergenres, the adaptation of web 2.0 tools and the use of “promotainment” and “legitainment strategies” on the Internet as a response to the specific communicative needs of technological risk multinationals.