This diploma thesis deals with practical ethical issues in specialized mobile palliative care. First of all the terms necessary for understanding the context are explained. Than brief introduction to the legal order and the principles of palliative care in the Czech Republic follows. Diploma thesis summarizes the phases of coping with the disease and the loss of a close person. This is both from adult's and a child's point of view. Next section deals with spiritual and pastoral care of dying, four principles of medical ethics and informed consent. Based on an interview with MUDr. Irena Závadová, supported by specialized literature, the ethical issues and theire possible solutions are mentioned too. This thesis deals with ethical issues as follows: awareness of diagnosis education system in palliative care development of palliative care in hospital facilities opiatophobia antibiotics in palliative and hospice care proxy decision making in a patient with dementia alternative forms of nutrition palliative sedation transfusion in palliative/hospice care Keywords Home hospic, dying, death, specialized mobile palliative care, ethical dilemmas.

This diploma thesis deals with practical ethical issues in specialized mobile palliative care. First of all the terms necessary for understanding the context are explained. History of palliative care. Than introduction to the legal order and the principles of palliative care in the Czech Republic follows. Diploma thesis summarizes the phases of coping with the disease and the loss of a close person. This is both from adult's and a child's point of view. Next section deals with spiritual and pastoral care of dying, four principles of medical ethics and informed consent. Based on an interview with MUDr. Irena Závadová, supported by specialized literature, the ethical issues and theire possible solutions are mentioned too. This thesis deals with ethical issues as follows: education system in palliative care controversial interpretation of the law n. 372/2011 opiatophobia antibiotics in palliative and hospice care nutrition in palliative care palliative sedation transfusion in palliative/hospice care autonomy patient with dementia Keywords Home hospic, dying, death, specialized mobile palliative care, ethical dilemmas.

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<p>Specialized metabolites are chemical tools produced by organisms to aid in their interaction with the surrounding environment. These diverse compounds can often function as metabolic weapons (<em>e.g.</em> antibiotics), structural components (<em>e.g.</em> lignins), or even attractants (<em>e.g.</em> flavonoids). Because of their frequent utilization in niche environments, specialized metabolite production is often lineage- or even species-specific. Therefore, knowledge between specialized metabolic systems is often nontransferable, which poses a major obstacle in the characterization of these bioactive and commercially relevant compounds. Beyond resolving the chemical composition of a specialized metabolite, the identification of responsible pathway genes and the evolutionary processes responsible for their formation is an arduous task. These gaps in knowledge are further widened by the lack of genomic resources available for specialized metabolite producing species. In this work, we present the genome assemblies of two organisms, each with unique specialized metabolic pathways: the Chinese medicinal plant <em>Lithospermum erythrorhizon </em>and the toxic golden alga <em>Prymnesium parvum. </em>Leveraging the predicted proteome of <em>L. erythrorhizon</em>, we investigated the evolutionary history of specialized metabolic genes responsible for the production of shikonin, a 1,4-naphthoquinone specialized metabolite. We identified a retrotransposition-mediated duplication event responsible for the creation of the core shikonin biosynthesis gene, <em>PGT</em>. In addition, we performed a global coexpression network analysis to identify regulatory and enzymatic gene candidates involved in the shikonin biosynthesis pathway. We also built phylogenetic trees of known and candidate shikonin genes to reveal patterns of lineage-specific gene duplication and retroduplication. Like plants, unicellular algae are known for their production of diverse, often toxic, specialized metabolites. However, these species are often enigmatic. For example, previous studies have documented large phenotypic variation in both toxin chemotypes and levels among different strains of <em>P. parvum</em>. To investigate the genetic basis of this variation, we generated near chromosome level assemblies of two <em>P. parvum </em>strains and performed a broad genome survey of thirteen additional strains. As a result, we identified a commonly studied reference strain, UTEX 2797, as a hybrid with two distinct subgenomes. We also provide evidence of significant variation in haploid genome size across the species. Collectively, these studies supply genetic resources for the future study of these organisms, as well as provide insight into the evolution of their specialized metabolic pathways.</p>

With the promise to shape the future of industry, multi-agent robotic technologies have the potential to change many aspects of daily life. Over the coming decade, they are expected to impact transportation systems, military applications such as reconnaissance and surveillance, search-and-rescue operations, or space missions, as well as provide support to emergency first responders. Motivated by the latest developments in the field of robotics, this thesis contributes to the evolution of the future generation of multi-agent robotic systems as they become smarter, more accurate, and diversified in terms of applications. But in order to achieve these goals, the individual agents forming cooperative robotic systems need to be specialized in what they can accomplish, while ensuring accuracy and preserving the ability to perform diverse tasks. This thesis addresses the problem of task allocation in swarm robotics in the specific context where specialized capabilities of the individual agents are considered. Based on the assumption that each individual agent possesses specialized functional capabilities and that the expected tasks, which are distributed in the surrounding environment, impose specific requirements, the proposed task allocation mechanisms are formulated in two different spaces. First, a rudimentary form of the team members’ specialization is formulated as a cooperative control problem embedded in the agents’ dynamics control space. Second, an advanced formulation of agents’ specialization is defined to estimate the individual agents’ task allocation probabilities in a dedicated specialization space, which represents the core contribution of this thesis to the advancement and practice in the area of swarm robotics. The original task allocation process formulated in the specialization space evolves through four stages of development. First, a task features recognition stage is conceptually introduced to leverage the output of a sensing layer embedded in robotic agents to drive the proposed task allocation scheme. Second, a matching scheme is developed to best match each agent’s specialized capabilities with the corresponding detected tasks. At this stage, a general binary definition of agents’ specialization serves as the basis for task-agent association. Third, the task-agent matching scheme is expanded to an innovative probabilistic specialty-based task-agent allocation framework to generalize the concept and exploit the potential of agents’ specialization consideration. Fourth, the general framework is further refined with a modulated definition of the agents’ specialization based on their mechanical, physical structure, and embedded resources. The original framework is extended and a prioritization layer is also introduced to improve the system’s response to complex tasks that are characterized based on the recognition of multiple classes. Experimental validation of the proposed specialty-based task allocation approach is conducted in simulation and on real-world experiments, and the results are presented and discussed in light of potential applications to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.

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This study investigates how gender, power and education affect how preventative measures against threats and violence as well as conflict management are discussed and used among care workers in specialized youth residencies in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were held with fifteen care workers which were later thematically analyzed using hegemonic masculinity, total institutions and stigma as a theoretical framework. Our findings show that there are multiple hidden gendered practices. The use of physical measures against clients is constructed as inevitable, and that male care workers are most important in conflict management. By having the strength to physically overpower their clients. They are also framed as ideal with their relational advantage to the all-male youth group. Women instead are seen as a deviation from the norm, and a group that must be protected and kept away from dangerous situations. There is also depicted an experience of disorganization and distrust among care workers. Due to perceived poor choices in recruiting and high turnover among chief positions. Where choices for recruiting are based on nepotism and bias for men. We conclude that this removes agency from women in the greater workgroup. We also find that there is a great need for further training in conflict management for care workers as well as higher standards for the recruiting of care workers.

Los profesionales pueden marcar una diferencia significativa en la vida de las personas y contribuir al bienestar de la sociedad en su conjunto, al tiempo que desarrollan habilidades especializadas y crecen como individuos, por ende, es necesario en esta situación incluir a los profesionales especializados en violencia familiar, teniendo en cuenta que aquellos trabajaran en conjunto con demás profesionales. Es de suma importancia que para que existan profesionales especializados en la materia, el Perú les garantice una serie de beneficios para ellos, porque realizando un análisis de estos profesionales, son la minoría quienes deciden entrar en la especialización de violencia familiar, por lo mismo que no son bien retribuidos, al contrario, no se les toma en cuenta como tal. De la misma manera este trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar las diferentes normas y jurisprudencias comparadas con países que tienen similitud en cuanto a la erradicación de la violencia familiar; y pues de la misma manera argumentar los beneficios que se les deben otorgar a los profesionales que se especialicen en la violencia familiar, en el artículo 26 de la Ley N° 30364, los cuales tendrán la misión de trabajar con otros profesionales y emitir un buen análisis en cuanto a las decisiones que se tomarán para la mitigación de la violencia familiar. Palabras / Professionals can make a significant difference in people's lives and contribute to the well-being of society as a whole, while developing specialized skills and growing as individuals, therefore, it is necessary in this situation to include professionals specialized in violence. family, taking into account that they will work together with other professionals. It is of utmost importance that for there to be professionals specialized in the matter, Peru guarantees a series of benefits for them, because by carrying out an analysis of these professionals, they are the minority who decide to enter the specialization of family violence, for the same reason that They are not well compensated, on the contrary, they are not taken into account as such. In the same way, this research work aims to analyze the different norms and jurisprudence compared to countries that are similar in terms of the eradication of family violence; and in the same way argue the benefits that should be granted to professionals who specialize in family violence, in article 26 of Law No. 30364, who will have the mission of working with other professionals and issuing a good analysis regarding the decisions that will be made to mitigate family violence.

Plants produce a vast number of low-molecular-weight chemicals (so called secondary or specialized metabolites) that confer a selective advantage to the plant, such as defense against herbivory or protection from changing environmental conditions. Many of these specialized metabolites are used for their medicinal properties, as lead compounds in drug discovery, or to impart our food with different tastes and scents. These chemicals are produced by various pathways of enzyme-mediated reactions in plant cells. It is suspected that enzymes in plant specialized metabolism evolved from those in primary metabolism. Understanding how plants evolved to produce these diverse metabolites is of primary interest, as it can lead to the engineering of plants to be more resistant to both biotic and abiotic stress, or to produce more complex small molecule compounds that are difficult to derive. To that end, the first objective was to develop a schema for rational protein engineering using meta-analyses of a well-characterized sesquiterpene synthase family encoding two closely-related but different types of enzymes, using quantitative measures of natural selection on amino-acid positions previously demonstrated as important for neofunctionalization between two terpene synthase gene families. The change in the nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation rate ratio (dN/dS) between these two gene families was large at the sites known to be responsible for interconversion. This led to a metric (delta dN/dS) that might have some predictive power. This natural selection-oriented approach was tested on two related enzyme families involved in either nicotine/tropane alkaloid biosynthesis (putrescine N-methyltransferase) or primary metabolism (spermidine synthase) by attempting to interconvert a spermidine synthase to encode putrescine N-methyltransferase activity based upon past patterns of natural selection. In contrast to the HPS/TEAS system, using delta dN/dS metrics between SPDS and PMT and site directed mutagenesis of SPDS did not result in the desired neofunctionalization to PMT activity. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to investigate the molecular evolution of plant N-methyltransferases involved in three alkaloid biosynthetic pathways. The results from these studies indicated that unlike O-MTs that show monophyletic origins, plant N-MTs showed patterns indicating polyphyletic origins. To provide the foundation for future molecular-oriented studies of urushiol production in poison ivy, the complete poison ivy root and leaf transcriptomes were sequenced, assembled, and analyzed. / Ph. D.

In recent years the failures in the exchange of information between different parts of a highly specialized social services sector has been increasingly criticized. Criticism that has pointed out the dangers of these shortcomings within this highly specialized sector. One main characteristic of specialized social services is that the profession's domain is divided into one or more social service authorities and one or more treatment units. This study aims to show the integrative processes that exist within the specialized social services sector and points out the importance that they have. Further this study will show what factors are influencing these integrative processes. The concept of integrative processes describes in general the interaction between different actors, actors that seek collaboration in order to achieve common goals. The work focuses on integrative processes within a highly specialized social services sector which occur during the initiation and implementation of home-based treatment programs. Programs targeted at children and young people who are no older than 17 years and were carried out by the social services' own treatment resources. The reason for this is the high incidence of integrative processes in this phase of work which therefore enables a comprehensive examination of these interactions. The empirical material in this study is made up partly of documents such as operation plans and semi-standardized research interviews. The analysis of the data is carried out within a theoretical framework consisting of a coupling of the Domain Theory and New Institutionalism Organization Theory. The final discussion points out the factors that reinforce a positive impact on integrative processes and their application in the initiation and evaluation of home-based treatment programs.