Th. Etat. / Le lieu, la matière et l'année de soutenance ne figurent pas sur le volume. Bibliogr. p. 433-443.

This dissertation analyzes the discourse of three infotainment television shows built around their hosts – characters who have gained considerable importance and influence in their respective countries: American Jon Stewart (host of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart); British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen (the actor who incarnates the popular characters Borat, Bruno, and Ali G in the Da Ali G Show), and Peruvian Jaime Bayly (host of the Peruvian TV show El Francotirador/The Sniper). These three shows responded to their specific national, cultural, social, and political contexts, while simultaneously demonstrating important similarities: they parody journalistic genres while questioning traditional journalism authority and arbitrary media norms; they use humor to develop political, social, and cultural critiques; and they revolve around a talented character who is a media celebrity. Drawing upon theory and literature related to media spectacle, infotainment, tabloidization, celebrity, and the carnivalesque, this research analyzes the three media characters’ discourse and critiques within their respective national and cultural contexts in order to understand their role in those societies and how they negotiate discursive power in the public sphere. This analysis also seeks to reveal how Stewart challenges the mainstream news media by exposing the difficulties of debate in the U.S.; how the subaltern voices of Ali G, Bruno, and Borat position Sacha Baron Cohen to confront hegemonic culture and identity; and how ambiguity and contradiction allow Bayly to be a transgressor in a society where entertainment has a particular political history. This research establishes commonalities and differences among these three representative cases in relation to the broader, global phenomenon of satiric infotainment, and introduces the notion of “critical infotainment” to characterize this satiric trend that combines entertainment, comedy, journalism, popular culture, and politics to develop social critique. Critical infotainment is interpreted as a result of and a transgressive reaction to the process of tabloidization and the cult of celebrity in the media spectacle era. Finally, this dissertation includes recommendations for future critical infotainment experiments to fill the gap left by the traditional press in today’s mediascape. / text

Cette thèse entreprend d'étudier l'invention du surréalisme en regard de la découverte critique du baroque. L'art et la littérature baroques sont nés à la fin du XVIe siècle, mais seront occultés pendant près de deux cents ans. Ce n'est qu'à la fin du XIXe siècle qu'on les redécouvre et qu'on construit même une notion pour les désigner, le baroque. Au courant du XXe siècle, les travaux sur le baroque se multiplient dans toute l'Europe et tentent d'adapter les critères de cette notion issue de l'histoire de l'art à la littérature. Tandis que les chercheurs français commencent peu à peu à s'emparer de cet objet d'étude, le surréalisme se constitue en tant que mouvement et ne cesse de rechercher des prédécesseurs qui ne s'inscrivent pas dans l'histoire littéraire des manuels scolaires. Sans défendre une vision transhistorique du baroque, cette étude interroge d'une part, l'influence de cette notion moderne sur le surréalisme et, de l'autre, les affinités entre les artistes et auteurs nommés baroques et ceux surréalistes. À travers un historique de la réception du baroque, il s'agit dans un premier temps de montrer ce à quoi correspondait précisément la notion de baroque au moment où le surréalisme en était encore à ses débuts, soit jusqu'à la première moitié des années trente. De même, sa perception par les membres du mouvement y est également étudiée. Ce travail de recherche montre ensuite comment la pratique de l'automatisme qui caractérise les débuts du surréalisme est marquée par une théâtralité proprement baroque, telle que les premiers spécialistes l'ont définie. La vision du théâtre chez les baroques et chez les surréalistes se trouve par la suite analysée, afin de montrer cette fois la présence d'éléments communs aux auteurs baroques et à ceux surréalistes. Enfin, le merveilleux surréaliste se trouve mis en parallèle avec la meraviglia baroque, à travers la question des cabinets de curiosités, celle de l'image surréaliste et de la pointe baroque, ainsi que celle du procédé de l'anamorphose. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Surréalisme, Baroque, André Breton, Louis Aragon, Histoire littéraire, Théâtre, Merveilleux.

Cette thèse s'intéresse - au niveau national - aux transformations du hockey sur glace sur une période allant de 1986 (date de l'obtention des Jeux Olympiques d'Hiver de 1992 à la France) à 2006 (date de la scission entre le hockey sur glace et la FFSG). Il s'agit d'un travail socio-historique qui portera son attention sur les structures fédérales (et leurs transformations) et sur l'évolution de la politique de la Commission Sportive Nationale de Hockey sur Glace (CNHG), notamment en ce qui concerne la mise en spectacle et la professionnalisation de ce sport au cours de la période que nous avons définie précédemment. Nous nous intéresseront également aux clubs évoluant (ou ayant évolué) en première division. L'analyse, outre la stratégie globale, doit comprendre les jeux d'acteurs au sein de l'espace fédéral (CNHG et FFSG) et leurs rapports de force, les soubassements idéologique de l'action dans le cadre fédéral, mais aussi tenir compte du contexte sportif national avec le développement du sport-spectacle et du " star système " au cours des années 1980. Il s'agira également d'analyser la structuration du hockey sur glace sous forme professionnelle (e.g., ligue professionnelle, statut des clubs, syndicats (joueurs, clubs, arbitres), contrôle de gestion, etc.) et son positionnement à l'international avec les conséquences des différentes législations européennes (e.g., arrêt Bosman (1995), arrêt Malaja (2002)).

cf thèse

Woven within fashion and dress is the innate ability to create atmosphere and transformative experiences. Architecturally, the façade of a building acts as its skin, having responsibilities that exceed the functions of shelter and materiality. The process of dressing buildings create and shape dynamic relationships with all the elements of its surroundings. Beyond the basic need for convenience and protection, both practices operate as part of a larger world of personified and tailored objects that create ambience and space. This thesis, entitled unDressing Spectacle, explores the parallels between the fashion and architecture within the context of their own industries as well as each other’s. Themes of dress and undress are juxtaposed onto both crafts - literally and metaphorically - at three different scales: the adornment of the individual; the design object within society and the urban fabric; and the discourse between branding and the economic condition. Creating the framework for fantastic events within the urban fabric, this thesis takes the form of a Fashion & Design Event Centre upon which the discourse between user and the design object unfolds. Placed in Toronto’s vibrant west end, the building is a symbol of permanence and an icon for fashion and design. The proposed design is the manifestation of the inherent conflict within the thesis, juxtaposing fashion’s ability to seduce and manufacture desires with the complex structuring of neutral spaces to allow for a multiplicity of users and events. At the city scale, the luminous and dynamic layers of building skin attracts and lures; as users approach and ultimately enter the building, the imagery is transformed into unique atmospheric experiences. This thesis harnesses the glamour of fashion as the medium to ignite the re-imagination of architecture’s value and the interpretation of beauty and style, providing the means for experiences to transcend into a world of spectacle.

L’enjeu de cette thèse sur Henry Fuseli est de tenter de montrer la façon dont cet artiste a conçu sa pratique de la peinture d’histoire comme un véritable spectacle. En nous appuyant notamment sur l’analyse du corpus d’œuvres shakespeariennes peintes, dessinées et gravées par l’artiste entre 1768 et 1825, nous avons essayé de mettre au jour les processus de « spectacularisation » à l’œuvre chez Fuseli. L’étude de la participation de l’artiste à la société anglaise et à ses divertissements - spectacles privés, fréquentation des théâtres publics et d’attractions plus populaires - a permis de mesurer en quoi une culture visuelle bien plus large que celle issue de la simple production théâtrale informe la production de l’artiste. Le spectacle populaire, véritable modèle caché du peintre, a nourri la réflexion de Fuseli sur la recherche de l’effet en peinture, dans sa relation avec la mémoire du spectateur. Contre l’idée commune faisant de Fuseli un peintre visionnaire, ancrant son œuvre dans sa seule imagination, cette thèse a pour ambition de montrer la nature du rapport éminemment matériel que l’artiste entretint avec les spectacles de son temps. La mise au jour du rôle des réminiscences de la scène de théâtre dans la création picturale et l’étude du transfert d’un certains nombre de « signes matériels » de la scène au tableau (tels que le cadre, les portes, le rideau…), nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l’esthétique en acte dans la peinture d’histoire de Fuseli. C’est la question de la relation que cette peinture instaure avec son spectateur qui clôt notre étude : une forme de pacte au sein duquel celui qui peint et celui qui regarde s’accordent, le temps du regard, pour croire à ce qui est donné à voir, afin d’en éprouver l’effet. / Trying to demonstrate how Henry Fuseli’s practice of history painting was truly conceived as a show is what is the challenge of this thesis. By basing ourselves mainly on the analysis of the corpus of Shakespearian paintings, drawings and engravings made by the artist between 1768 and 1825, we have tried to highlight the processes of spectacularisation (theatrical devices) within Fuseli’s work. The study of the artist’s involvement in the english society – his attendance to various entertainments such as privates shows, public theatres or even more popular scenes – enabled us to measure that the artist’s production is the result not only of the mere theater scene but accounts for a much broader visual culture. Hidden model for the painter, the popular scene nourished Fuseli’s thoughts in the search for painting effects and the induced relationship with the spectator’s memory. Despite the common belief of Fuseli being a visionary painter who’s work sets roots solely in his imagination, this thesis ambition is to show the very concrete and material links of the artist with the scenes of his time. Highlighting reminiscences of the theatre scene in the pictorial creation and the moving from the scene to the painting of a number of “material signs” (such as the frame, the doors, the curtain…) have enabled us to show the aesthetics performing within Fuseli’ history paintings. Our study ends with the relationship that these paintings generate with their spectator : a kind of pact in which for the time of a glance painter and spectator agree to believe in what is given to see so as to experi-ence its effects.

Nesta tese, examina-se um complexo evento cultural – a Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre/RS –, realizado anual e ininterruptamente desde 1955 sob a chancela da Câmara Rio-Grandense do Livro, em parceria com o Ministério da Cultura e a Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (RS), reunindo atividades culturais de distintas ordens e mobilizando muitas práticas que delineiam identidades culturais para a cidade e para a própria Feira e seus participantes. É possível afirmar que o evento se encontra em expansão, tanto no que se refere ao espaço físico que ocupa, quanto ao que diz respeito ao número de participantes, ao qual se somam os patrocinadores, organizadores, administradores, escritores, livreiros e mídias, que, além de divulgá-lo, reiteram, por meio dele, seus compromissos com a cultura sul-rio-grandense. Muitas são as representações colocadas em circulação na Feira, que definem, posicionam e ensinam, aos sujeitos e às instituições locais, modos de integrar-se à cultura regional. Ao lado dessa configuração mais regionalista, institucionalizam-se na Feira, cada vez com mais intensidade, práticas de internacionalização voltadas a conectar esse evento da cultura gaúcha a outros em desenvolvimento na América Latina e em outros continentes. O estudo focaliza estratégias discursivas e representações associadas à produção/gestão/invenção desse evento cultural veiculadas no encarte Caderno da Feira – suplemento que circula diariamente durante a realização da Feira no jornal gaúcho Zero Hora, o qual integra o conjunto de artefatos comunicacionais do Grupo RBS. Considerou-se que tanto a Feira quanto o encarte e o jornal a que está vinculado operam como pedagogias culturais. O corpus da pesquisa abarca um acervo ampliado de 153 exemplares, do qual foram examinadas 85 edições publicadas e divulgadas nos meses de outubro/novembro, quando ocorre a Feira, dos anos de 2005 a 2013. Foram também examinados exemplares do jornal Zero Hora das décadas de 1960, 1970, 1980 e 1990 por conterem informações importantes sobre esse evento. Foram ainda examinadas seções, manchetes de capa e reportagens, incluindo as imagens nelas apresentadas, bem como notas informativas. O estudo inspira-se nos Estudos Culturais e vale-se de teorizações de autores, tais como Albuquerque Jr. (2012), Canclini (2007), Debord (1997), Fischer (2012), Freitas (2007), Hall (1997a; 2005), Kellner (2006), Sarlo (1998), Silva (2012), Silveira (2000), Yúdice (2006), Woodward (2012) e Wortmann (2010), dentre outros. As análises evidenciam as múltiplas funções do evento: nele, comemora-se o “livro”, promove-se a sua venda, destacam-se autores e autoras, divulga-se a importância da leitura, mas igualmente propagandeiam-se seus promotores, patrocinadores e gestores, além de essa festa do livro ser associada a muitos outros eventos culturais da cidade, entre os quais, estão a Bienal do Mercosul, mostras e exibições fotográficas, oficinas de criação literária, palestras, apresentações de grupos musicais diversos, etc. Tudo isso transforma o evento em um espetáculo cultural múltiplo que se tornou central à vida da cidade, não apenas durante sua realização. O estudo também aponta para a forma como, especialmente a partir da figura do patrono, são destacadas diferentes facetas da cultura sulrio- grandense, que incluíam desde um culto ao gauchismo até a configuração de uma regionalidade mais ampliada, urbana e vinculada a cânones literários. / This thesis examines a complex cultural event, the Porto Alegre Book Fair, which has been annually held since 1955 under the auspices of Rio Grande do Sul Chamber of Literature in a partnership with the Ministry of Culture and Porto Alegre City Hall. The Fair comprises different kinds of cultural activities and involves several practices which have delineated cultural identities to the city, the Fair itself and its participants. It is possible to state that the event has been expanded in terms of physical space, number of participants, sponsors, organizers, managers, writers, booksellers and media, which besides publicizing the Fair, reinsure its commitment to sul-rio-grandense culture. A number of representations have been spread by the Fair and defined, positioned and taught people and local institutions ways of integrating the local culture. Together with this regionalist configuration, internationalizing practices have been more intensively institutionalized by the Fair with the aim of connecting this gaucho culture event to other events occurring in Latin America and in other continents as well. The study is focused on discursive strategies and representations associated with the production/management/creation of this cultural event as conveyed by Caderno da Feira, a supplement of the gaucho newspaper Zero Hora which is daily published along the days in which the Fair is held. This newspaper is one of the communication artifacts owned by Grupo RBS. The Fair, the supplement and the newspaper have been regarded as cultural pedagogies. The research corpus comprehended a large collection of 153 issues, out of which 85 issues published in October and November from 2005 to 2013 were examined. Issues of Zero Hora newspaper dating back to the 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s were also examined because they contained important information about the event. Sections, cover headlines and reports were examined together with pictures and notes. The study has been grounded on Cultural Studies and has relied on theorizations by Albuquerque Jr. (2012), Canclini (2007), Debord (1997), Fischer (2012), Freitas (2007), Hall (1997a; 2005), Kellner (2006), Sarlo (1998), Silva (2012), Silveira (2000), Yúdice (2006), Woodward (2012) and Wortmann (2010), among others. The analyses have evidenced the multiple functions performed by the event: it celebrates the “book”, promotes its commercialization, highlights writers, reinforces the importance of reading, but it also adverts its promoters, sponsors and managers. Furthermore, it is associated with a number of other cultural events taking place in the city, such as Mercosur Biennial Art Exhibition, photography shows, literary workshops, lectures, musical performances, etc. All that turns this event into a multiple cultural spectacle which has become central to the city life, and not only while it is held. The study has also pointed out the way in which different facets of the sul-rio-grandense culture are highlighted, particularly considering the patron figure, comprehending from the cult of gauchism to the configuration of a larger, urban regionalism linked to literary canons.

Esta tese objetiva analisar a representação social da ciência resultante das ações de divulgação científica desempenhadas em exposições de museus e centros de ciência interativos. Partindo da premissa de que para a promoção de canais de comunicação pública, democrática e integradora acerca da ciência e sua produção é necessário o entendimento de que tais fenômenos se inserem numa relação de dependência e reciprocidade com demais elementos que compõem o tecido social, discute acerca dos fatores que impossibilitam um diálogo capaz de identificar com clareza que a ciência é, em última instância, socialmente construída. A insistência na adoção de linguagens pautadas em uma historicidade progressivamente retilínea e num superestímulo visual massificador de ‘imagens/aparência’, vem contribuindo para a afirmação de uma ideia universal e homogênea de ciência, ou seja, aprocessual e produtora de conhecimentos irrefutavelmente verdadeiros. Assim considerando, toma aqui a noção de ‘sociedade do espetáculo’ tanto como teoria sobre a sociedade, quanto, condição social que se projeta de forma verticalizada sobre a divulgação científica operada em instituições museológicas, implicando diretamente na construção da ciência e seus significados sociais. Tal condicionamento exercido pelo ‘espetáculo’ se sustenta, portanto, em dois vetores ideológicos fundamentais, por um lado, a ‘imagem’ tomada como ‘aparência’, configurando um território linguístico-narrativo pautado na alienação, na naturalização e na universalização. E por outro lado, a ‘historicidade’ como supressão do tempo social – socialmente construído –, delineando um quadro no qual a comunicabilidade é baseada na ausência de processos, na concepção do tempo como mercadoria, no conceito de ‘ideia fora do lugar/tempo’ e no pressuposto da neutralidade (científica). Do ponto de vista empírico, opta por investigar diferentes exposições em quatro museus e centros de ciência interativos, no Brasil e em Portugal, implementando as técnicas da observação e da entrevista fundamentalmente. / This thesis aims to analyze the social representation of science as a result of the actions of scientific divulgation performed in exhibitions from interactive museums and science centres. Starting from the premise that the promotion of public communication channels, democratic and inclusive about science and its production is necessary to the understanding that such phenomena are in a relationship of dependency and reciprocity with other elements that make up the social structure, discusses about the factors that prevent a dialogue capable of identifying with clarity that the science is ultimately, socially constructed. The insistence on adoption of languages based on a rectilinear and progressively historicity and in a super-stimulus visual massive of ‘images/appearance’, has contributed to the affirmation of a universal and homogenous idea of science, in other words, a-processual and producer of irrefutably true knowledge. So considering, here takes the notion of 'society of the spectacle' as much a theory of society, as, social condition that is projected in a vertical way on the scientific divulgation operated in museological institutions, implying directly in the construction of science and their social meanings. This conditioning exercised by the 'spectacle' is based, therefore, on two fundamental ideological vectors, on the one hand, the 'image' as 'appearance', setting up a linguistic and narrative territory based on alienation, naturalization and universalization. And on the other hand, the 'historicity' as suppression of social time - socially constructed - outlining a framework within which the communicability is based on the absence of processes, in the conception of time as a commodity, in the concept of 'idea out of place/time' and the premise of neutrality (scientific). From an empirical point of view, chooses to investigate different exhibitions in four interactive museums and science centres, in Brazil and Portugal, implementing the techniques of observation and interview, fundamentally.

Esta tese é o rastreamento das forças que as práticas (produtos e serviços) e discursos de marketing fazem circular por espaços do futebol de espetáculo brasileiro, ajudando a transformá-lo. Em aproximação à Actor-Network-Theory (LATOUR, 2005; LAW 2004), o estudo compôs-se de três movimentos principais: geração de controvérsias sobre a natureza do real, estudo das formas como os atores procuram estabilizar as controvérsias e, por fim, um exercício de onto-política (crítica). O caso concreto que serviu como espaço de partida foi o Grêmio de Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados coletados incluíram a observação, observação participante, análise de documentos, entrevistas, dados financeiros e survey em uma abordagem de inspiração etnográfica. A partir de um olhar sensível para o contexto histórico e social do clubismo brasileiro e do clube estudado em específico (DAMO, 1998, 2005), procurei pensar as práticas e discursos de marketing inseridas na complexidade. Confrontados com diversidade e intensa participação de torcedores apaixonados e fiéis, cujos afetos variam abruptamente conforme as vitórias e derrotas do time no jogo (incerteza), os dirigentes/gestores desenvolvem dispositivos de reconversão de capital afetivo/simbólico em econômico mediados por três agências centrais: O Europeísmo (imaginário de futuro), Estética Dirigente (gosto tramado à classe) e Disciplinarização de Marketing (controle sobre o futuro). A mediação dessas entidades na transformação do futebol de espetáculo brasileiro opera como ‘construção de mundos’ (THRIFT, 2008a e b) com força estética que, entre outras coisas, agem para a inclusão e exclusão de torcedores de participação legítima nos espaços sagrados do clube. Adiciono controvérsia ao debate sobre formação de mercados na disciplina de Marketing (ARAUJO, 2007; KJELLBERG e HELGESSON; HELGESSON, 2007) a partir da proposta da relevância da dimensão estética dos mercados. Por fim, proponho formas alternativas de condução do clube a partir de uma inspiração da crítica pós-colonial (SAID, 1978; MIGNOLO, 2008). / This dissertation traces the forces that marketing practices (product and services) and discourses circulate in Brazilian spectacle football (soccer) helping to transform it. Using Actor-Network-Theory (LATOUR, 2005; LAW 2004), it makes three main movements: generates controversies about the nature of reality, studies the ways in which actors seek to stabilize controversies, and finally, an exercise onto-politics (criticism). The empirical space of departure was Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The data collected included observation, participant observation, document analysis, interviews, financial data and surveys, inspired by an ethnographic approach. Sensitive for the historical and social context of Brazilian clubism and of the specific club studied (DAMO, 1998, 2005), I sought to think marketing practices and discourses within complexity. Faced with the diverse and active participation of passionate and faithful supporters, whose affections vary abruptly with team victories and defeats in the game (uncertainty), directors/managers develop affective/symbolic into economic capital conversion devices which are mediated by three main agencies: Europeism (imaginary future), Director’s Aesthetics (entangled with social class) and Marketing Disciplinarization (control over the future). This entities mediate a ‘world making’ process (THRIFT, 2008a e b) with aesthetic power in the transformation of Brazilian spectacle football that, among other things, acts on the inclusion and exclusion of supporters from legitimate participation in the sacred spaces of the club. I add to the debate on market formation in the Marketing discipline (ARAUJO, 2007; KJELLBERG e HELGESSON; HELGESSON, 2007) through the enactment of the relevance of aesthetics for markets. Finally, I propose alternative ways of conducting the football club inspired in postcolonial criticism (SAID, 1978; MIGNOLO, 2008).