Orientadores: José Roberto Lovadino, Debora Alves Nunes Leite Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VieiraJunior_WaldemirFrancisco_M.pdf: 2625418 bytes, checksum: 9b4424cf9945e3e37e733389e7cacc32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de dentifrícios com diferentes princípios ativos aplicados previamente ao clareamento dental com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH) nas propriedades físicas e cromáticas do esmalte, conteúdo mineral e na morfologia superficial. Métodos: Blocos de esmalte bovino foram submetidos a protocolos de tratamento na máquina simuladora de escovação (n = 10): 1) escovação com água destilada e exposição ao gel placebo (PLA - controle negativo) ou 2) gel clareador (PH - controle positivo), escovação com diferentes dentifrícios previamente ao clareamento com PH, sendo: 3) dentifrício com nitrato de potássio e fluoreto de sódio (PN), 4) com monoflúorfosfato de sódio (FT), à base de 5) arginina 8%, Pro-Argin¿ (PA), 6) arginina 1,5%, Neutraçúcar¿ (SAN), ou 7) com vidro bioativo NovaMin¿ (NM). No capítulo 1 foi realizada nos tempos inicial e final a análise da rugosidade superficial (Ra) e cor pelo sistema Cie L*a*b* (?E, ?L, ?a e ?b). No tempo final foi avaliada a microdureza superficial (SMH) e a microdureza em profundidade (CSMH - 10, 25, 50, 75 e 100?m). No capítulo 2, a concentração iônica de fósforo no gel [P] foi analisada e determinada o nível elementar (%) de Ca, Na, P e proporção entre Ca / P por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-x (EDS) e a morfologia de superfície por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram submetidos a teste Proc-Mixed de medidas repetidas (Ra), ANOVA (SMH, Nível elementar, [P] e Cor), ANOVA de parcelas subdivididas (CSMH) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: O clareamento dental (PH) diminuiu os valores de SMH e CSMH, entretanto os dentifrícios diminuíram o efeito da perda de CSMH e aumentaram a SMH (NM > PA = SAN > outros grupos). O clareamento aumentou a Ra em comparação ao PLA, todos os grupos tiveram aumento da Ra, exceto NM que não diferiu de PLA. Os valores de ?E, ?L e ?b não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais e o controle positivo (PH). O grupo PH aumentou a perda de fósforo [P], entretanto NM não diferiu de PLA. PH diminuiu os valores de % Ca em comparação PLA, no entanto PA não diferiu de PLA. MEV, apenas os grupos PH e FT demonstraram alteração de morfologia. Conclusão: O clareamento dental alterou as propriedades e conteúdo mineral do esmalte, entretanto a utilização prévia de dentifrícios preveniu os efeitos negativos, sem interferir na eficácia do tratamento. O dentifrício com vidro bioativo demonstrou potencial efeito benéfico na terapia clareadora / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the effect of toothpastes with different active agents applied prior to dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide on enamel properties, whiteness effectiveness, enamel mineral content and morphology surface. Methods: 70 enamel blocks (4x4x2 mm) were submitted to in vitro treatment protocols in tooth-brushing machine (n=10): 1) with distilled water and exposure to placebo gel (PLA) or 2) bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); brushing with different toothpaste was performed prior the bleaching treatment (HP), being: 3) potassium nitrate toothpaste (PN) containing NaF, 4) conventional MFP fluoridated toothpaste (FT), 5) arginine-carbonate (8% arginine) based toothpaste (PA), 6) arginine-carbonate (1.5% arginine) based toothpaste (SAN) and 7) toothpaste containing bioactive glass (NM). In chapter 1, the color changes were characterized using the Cie L*a*b* system (?E, ?L, ?a and ?b) and roughness (Ra) analysis was performed before and after treatments, surface microhardness (SMH) and cross- sectional microhardness (CSMH) were analyzed after treatments. In chapter 2, the phosphorus concentration in gel ([P]) was performed and the elemental levels (%) of Ca, Na, P and proportion between Ca/P were determined by Energy Dispersive X- ray Spectrometer (EDS) and morphology surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed PROC MIXED (Ra), ANOVA (SMH, %, [P], ?E, ?L, ?a and ?b), ANOVA split plot (CSMH) and Tukey's test post hoc (p<0.05). Results: ?E, ?L and ?b were statically similarity in all bleached groups. After bleaching, SMH and CSMH decreased in HP and increased signi?cantly in the treatment groups (SMH) versus the negative and positive control (NM > PA = SAN > all others groups) or decreased HP effects (CSMH). Ra increased in all bleached groups, with exception in NM that did not differ to PLA. HP increased the [P] loss, however only NM group application prior to HP did not differ of PLA. EDS analysis showed that HP decreased the % Ca values differing to PLA, the % P was increased in bleaching groups, however the PA group did not differ to PLA. SEM analysis presented the decrease of demineralization effect in groups submitted the toothpaste application prior to HP, with exception the HP and MFP group that demonstrated morphology alteration. Conclusion: Dental bleaching affect the enamel properties and mineral content however toothpastes showed a potential effect in reducing the bleaching effects on the enamel properties without influence on the whiteness effectiveness. Furthermore, the toothpaste containing bioactive glass showed potential beneficial effect for bleaching therapy / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Natália Kuzmiaková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc . Consultant: mjr. PharmDr. Vendula Hepnarová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the novel reactivator against tabun. This study tackles the problem of irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enzyme degrades neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), wich ensures transmisson of nerve impulses in central nervous system and in periphery. Organophospates (OP) are substances that cause irreversible blocade of AChE and that susubsequently leads to accumulation of AChE in synapses and inducing of muscarinic and nicotinic effects for life threatening condition. Oximic nature reactivators shown to this day the gratest potencial in inhibiting OP bond with AChE. Because reactivation abilities of to date synthesided oxime are not sufficient, new reactivators are being researched. The doal of my work was to test the potencial to reactivate AChe one of them (precisely oxime K 870). The method i used was colorimetric Ellman method modified by Bajgar, where the activity of AChE after reactivation was measured by absorbance in brain, diaphragm and blood of modeled orgamisms. The...

Food security is a major concern of the 21st century, given climate change and population growth. In addition, high salt concentrations in soils affect ~20% of irrigated land and cause a substantial reduction in crop yield. Cultivating salt-tolerant crops could enable the use of salt-affected agricultural land, reduce the use of fresh water and alleviate yield losses. Innovative methods need to be developed to study traditional and novel traits that contribute to salinity tolerance and accurately quantify them. These studies would eventually serve for developing new salt tolerant crops, adapted to the harsh arid and semi-arid climate conditions. A study of 200 accessions of the wild tomatoes (Solanum pimpinellifolium) was conducted in field conditions with phenotyping using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted hyperspectral camera. Six genotypes with different levels of salt tolerance were sampled for leaf pigment analyses, revealing a clear pattern for the high salt tolerant accession M007, where pigment content in the salt-treated plants significantly increased compared to their control counterparts only in harvesting campaigns 3 and 6, each performed two days after the first and second salt stress application events. Moreover, the light harvesting capacity was found to be better maintained under salt stress in the medium (M255) and highly salt tolerant (M007 and M061) accessions. Pigment quantitation data will contribute towards the groundtruthing of hyperspectral imaging for the development of remote sensing-based predictive pigment mapping methods. This work establishes a reliable quantification protocol for correlating pigment content with vegetation indices. Hence, pigment content captured by imaging techniques and validated using biochemical analysis would serve in developing a high-throughput method for pigment quantitation in the field using UAV-based hyperspectral imaging. This would serve as a tool for measuring pigment content in large number of genotypes in the field which would eventually lead to new salt-tolerant genes.

The chenistry of diamino dicarboxylic acids together with that of monoamino dicarboxylie and monocarboxylic acids in of great importance to the chemist because of the rolation- ship of these compounds to the biochemistry of cancer. Diamino dicarboxylic acids in general, contain two asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in one optically inactive and two optically active forma. Alpha-omoga diamino pinolic acid is the only member of the alpha-omoga diamino dicarboxylic acids thus far known to occur naturally.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Lukáš Konečný Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Preparation of a method for detection of the extent of chelation of calcium and magnesium ions Calcium and magnesium are biogenic elements belonging to the second group of the periodic table. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. In addition to its important role in bone homeostasis, calcium is involved in other processes such as blood clotting, muscle contraction and regulation of nerve excitability Magnesium is the cofactor of many enzymatic reactions essential for a row of physiological functions. The aim of this work was to propose a novel screening method for determination of the degree of calcium and magnesium chelation. In the first step the UV-vis spectra of the selected indicator o-cresolphthalein complexone and its complexes with calcium and magnesium were measured. This was followed by verification of the linearity and the determination of the sensitivity of the method. Concurrently the stability of the indicator and its complexes with both ions was measured. In the last step, the suitability of the method was verified on a standard chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Karolína Pelnářová Supervisor: Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Václav Tvrdý, MSc.; Marcel Hrubša, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: Searching of effective cobalt chelators - 8-hydroxyquinolines Cobalt is one of the essential trace elements present in the human body. It forms a part of the organometallic complex of vitamin B12, which is essential for many physiological functions. Both overload and lack of cobalt in the body is associated with pathological conditions. Manifestations of deficiency can lead up to pernicious anemia or hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Cobalt intoxication can occur in an industrial environment, such as by cobalt metal dust during heavy metal processing, or by its release due to corrosion from orthopedic prostheses. Systemic toxicity is manifested by a number of endocrine, cardiovascular and neurological symptoms. The main aim of this diploma thesis was to find effective chelators of cobalt from the group of substances derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. In vitro spectrophotometric measurement was used to determine the degree of chelation. The effect of chelation was also monitored ex vivo in rat erythrocytes. All tested chelators - 8-hydroxyquinoline,...

Intravenous admixtures consisting of one or more drug formulations, diluted in a large volume of intravenous solution, are used extensively in current medical practice. Development of reliable methods to predict the compatibility of the admixture components is essential as a guide for their selection. Because the majority of the reports published, to date, have used a visible change as the criterion for judging compatibility, it was the purpose of this study to demonstrate the use of spectrophotometric analysis to detect the occurrence of chemical interactions between two components of an intravenous admixture.

Sparkle is a visual texture which appearance basically consists of very bright spots randomly distributed over a darker background. The effect is more apparent to the observer when one of the contributors (sample, observer, illumination) is moved, meaning it is a dynamic effect. While the characterization and measurement of sparkle has been an important topic of research during the past years, the focus has been solely around the static component of it, the dynamic aspect of sparkle has been left out of the discussion. This is somewhat reasonable since the dynamic attribute bases itself on the perception and measurement of static sparkle. The dynamic aspect of sparkle, or “living sparkle” can be described as the variation of its appearance over a given angular distance. Nonetheless, both effects are without doubt related and perhaps together they provide the key to finding the absolute characterization of sparkle. In this work we aim to dive into both aspects. First, the setup of a goniometric system with a color camera was carried out, obtaining a high spatial and angular resolution. Second, measurements of commercial and self-manufactured sample sets were performed, and an analysis algorithm was developed. The algorithm provided a wide range of parameters for different thresholding methods. These methods were put to test when the results were correlated with the visual assessment of a group of 9 samples under one illumination/observation geometry, obtaining the correlation factors for all methods and parameters. The combination of thresholding method and parameter obtained an R2 > 0.9, implying a strong connection with the visual experience. The threshold applied was always fixed at the same value and the parameter (“S_Values”) represented the brightness of the pixels, indicating that the brightness of the sample is the most influential attribute for the perception of sparkle. Then, this same methodology was applied to the rest of the samples in this study (71 total), for the geometries in between 71.2 and 11.2 degrees in 5 degrees steps. The physical parameters of the self-manufactured samples were also used to test the correctness of the algorithm. The results broadly matched the expected values of intensity and particle size. In addition, the algorithm measured the angular variability of the samples though the angular visibility of the sparkle spots. The wider the visible range, the more invariant the sample, and the less apparent the sparkle effect. This work proposes an innovative way of measuring sparkle in its dynamic and static components, a methodology and measurands to do so are proposed and contrasted to visually assessed samples.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-16T18:33:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_CarlaMariaUggeriNegretto.pdf: 1746117 bytes, checksum: 50d675658fbe05428861169424e0b28b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_CarlaMariaUggeriNegretto.pdf: 1746117 bytes, checksum: 50d675658fbe05428861169424e0b28b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Vitamin E is an important agent in the prevention of skin aging, which is associated with oxidative stress generated, mainly, by free radicals. It is considered a potent antioxidant, which acts protecting membranes against lipid peroxidation. As most of the antioxidants, vitamin E has low water solubility and high sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, representing a problem in the preparation of cosmetic formulations. The incorporation of this important antioxidant to a nanostructure is a promising system capable of protecting the drug against degradation and making the formulation stable and acceptable for cosmetic use. Among the various nanostructured systems, we can highlight the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), since they present occlusive adhesive properties increasing the bioavailability of the drug in the skin. In this context, various analytical methods can be used to determine and quantify nanostructured vitamin E. Among these methods, we highlight UV spectrophotometry and UV derivative spectrophotometry (UVD) because they have low cost, are easy to use, and are simple to read the results. It is also important to evaluate the antioxidant power of these nanostructures through assays such as the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), which is considered a simple, reproducible and inexpensive assay. The objectives of this study were to characterize the vitamin E – loaded nanoestrutured lipid carriers (NCL-VITE), to develop and to validate methods using UV and UVD spectrophotometry for the quantitative determination of vitamin E in NLC, to compare the analytical methods, and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vitamin E and NCL-VITE, using FRAP assay. The characterization of NCL-VITE samples showed particle size of 169.20 ± 1.01 nm, 0.11 ± 0.01 polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential -25.50 mV ± 3.84. The analytical parameters studied in the validation by UV and UVD spectrophotometry indicated specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness of both methods. Likewise, the antioxidant activity of vitamin E and NCL-VITE evaluated using the FRAP assay was considered acceptable. We can conclude that the NCL-VITE showed good homogeneity and average diameter in acceptable range. All these features enabled the sample to be used in the development and validation of the methods. The UV and UVD spectrophotometry were considered analytical methods that can be applied with safety and reliability in the determination of NCL-VITE. Moreover, the FRAP assay showed to be simple and with good reproduction regarding vitamin E and NCL-VITE. / A vitamina E representa um importante agente na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo que está associado ao estresse oxidativo gerado, principalmente, pelos radicais livres. É considerada um potente antioxidante, agindo como protetor das membranas contra a lipoperoxidação. Como grande parte dos antioxidantes, a vitamina E apresenta baixa solubilidade em água e elevada sensibilidade á luz, calor e oxigênio, fazendo de seu uso um problema na elaboração de formulações cosméticas. Com isso, a incorporação deste importante antioxidante a uma nanoestrutura representa um promissor sistema capaz de proteger o fármaco contra a degradação tornando a formulação estável e aceitável para o uso cosmético. Dentre os mais variados sistemas nanoestruturados destacam-se os transportadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (NLCs) por apresentarem, principalmente, propriedades adesivas e oclusivas aumentando assim, a biodisponibilidade do fármaco na pele. Dentro deste contexto, vários métodos analíticos podem ser utilizados para identificar e quantificar a vitamina E nanoestruturada, dentre eles a espectrofotometria ultravioleta (UV) e espectrofotometria ultravioleta derivada (UVD) que se destacam pelo custo baixo, fácil utilização e interpretação simples dos resultados. Evidencia-se também a importância da avaliação do poder antioxidante destas nanoestruturas através de ensaios como o FRAP (poder antioxidante por redução do ferro) considerado um ensaio simples, reprodutível e pouco dispendioso. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar as suspensões de NCLs contendo vitamina E (NVITE), desenvolver e validar métodos através da espectrofotometria UV e UVD para a determinação quantitativa de vitamina E nos NLCs, comparar os métodos analíticos e avaliar a atividade antioxidante da vitamina E e da NVITE através do ensaio FRAP. Como resultado da caracterização das amostras de NVITE, estas apresentaram tamanho de partícula de 169,20 nm ± 1,01, índice de polidispersão (PDI) 0,11 ± 0,01 e potencial zeta -25,50 mV ± 3,84. Os parâmetros analíticos estudados na validação por espectrofotometria UV e UVD indicaram especificidade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão e robustez de ambos os métodos. Da mesma forma, a capacidade antioxidante da vitamina E e da NVITE feita através do ensaio FRAP foi considerada satisfatória. Concluiu-se que a NVITE analisada apresentou boa homogeneidade e diâmetro médio em escala aceitável, sendo que todas estas características a capacitaram para o uso no desenvolvimento e validação dos métodos. A espectrofotometria UV e UVD foram consideradas métodos analíticos que podem ser aplicados com segurança e confiabilidade na determinação das NVITE e o ensaio FRAP demonstrou ser simples, e com boa reprodutibilidade no que se refere a vitamina E e a NVITE.

When exposed to light, metal nanoparticles exhibit a phenomenon known as LSPR, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. The wavelengths at which LSPR occurs is very dependent on the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Binding of biomolecules to the surface of gold nanoparticles result in a change in the refractive index that can be detected spectrophotometrically by monitoring the LSPR peak shift. When functionalized with the corresponding ligand(s), gold nanoparticles can be utilized in biosensors to detect the presence and concentration of a predetermined analyte. However, the system must exhibit high specificity and give rise to a detectable shift for analytes in the desired concentration range to be of commercial interest. The aim of the diploma project was to investigate and optimize the biofunctionalization and performance of a fiber optics based LSPR biosensor.  Three ligand systems were investigated for detection of antibodies (IgG), insulin and avidin. Binding of the analyte to the ligand caused a shift of a few nanometers when using spherical gold nanoparticles. The shifts were significantly larger when using gold nanorods. When using the IgG and insulin ligands, only minor unspecific binding was observed. The setup thus shows great potential for use in a wide range of sensing applications.