No description available.

Armed hostilities and conflicts have not only killed hundreds of thousands, but have alsodisplaced millions of families and communities around the world, forcing them to move out oftheir homes and seek shelter somewhere else. Some have crossed borders and sought refuge inother countries (refugees). Internally displaced peoples (IDPs) are those victims of conflict whohave remained within their own countries, suffering from constant displacements and numerousviolations to their human rights. However, they are not mere helpless victims of conflict anddisplacement, but instead some of them are also heralded as heroes because of their activeparticipation in and contributions to the peace process. Already viewed both as victims andheroes, this qualitative desk study looks at a third perspective to the IDP community: can theyalso be seen as potential spoilers to peace processes? An analytical framework outlining some conditions to spoiling activities and behaviour has beendeveloped in this study as a basis to facilitate research into this topic. The framework is thenapplied to a case study, chosen because of its community’s heterogeneity: the IDPs of Mindanao,also known as the Bakwit. Through consulting previous research and current relevant newsreports on the Bakwit, their opinions and attitudes toward the conflict, their proposed solutions toending the conflict, as well as, their role in the peace process in Mindanao are discussed in thisstudy. With the application of the analytical framework on the case of the IDPs in Mindanao, thisresearch has found out that because of their direct involvement in conflict, limited politicalparticipation, and limited socioeconomic inclusion, the Bakwit has the potential to spoilingactivities and behaviour. Their exposure to majority of the conditions and characteristics thattrigger spoiling behaviour could hinder them in participating in the peace building process. Thus,the analytical framework has also been used to conclude what governments and the internationalcustodians can do to prevent IDPs from engaging in spoiling activities and to ensure that conflictresolution, negotiations, and peace building activities are more sustainable.

Secure infant attachment is important for the positive social-emotional development of children. Many parents have limited understanding of social-emotional development and the influence of appropriate responsive parenting behaviors to their infants’ cues. For example, many parents believe you can spoil an infant if you pick them up every time they cry. Researchers study the impact of positive responses to infants’ cues. Infants form a more secure attachment and learn to interpret the world as a safe place for exploration when parents respond to their signs of distress. In contrast, infants reared with authoritarian parenting styles of strict compliance and harsh punishment develop more insecure attachments. This study measured undergraduate students’ beliefs about spoiling children, child obedience, and parental responsiveness and examined changes in beliefs after instruction in the principles of attachment and the role of caregiver responsiveness in the formation of secure attachment. First, a pretest was administered followed by 1 to 2 hours of in class instruction regarding attachment theory. Next, a posttest was given to determine if in-class instruction had an effect on students’ attitudes regarding spoiling children, child obedience, and parental responsiveness. Students’ beliefs about spoiling children were associated with attitudes about child obedience and parent responsiveness, and students changed their attitudes about spoiling and responsiveness, although not obedience, after instruction. Young adults who have developed an understanding of parental responsiveness and have decreased their fears of spoiling children have the potential to be able to implement more developmentally supportive practices in their own lives as future parents and practitioners in the field of child development.

This article examines the Swedish government's decoupling of feminism and gender equality. Drawing on scholarship on feminist backsliding and gender ideology, this article suggests that the Swedish government's decision to abandon the feminist agenda in its foreign policy reflects broader trends of anti-genderism as both an international and transnational phenomenon. I argue that the Swedish government separates feminism from gender equality in order to allow for a more conservative shaping of women's roles without rejecting gender equality, while respecting the social and cultural context. The study uses norm spoiling and critical frame analysis on the political manifestos of the governing parties to examine how the issue of feminism and gender equality are respectively framed and serve to drive a wedge between the two ideas. The article concludes by discussing similarities between the key frames identified in the analysis and those identified in the literature on transnational gender ideology discourse, finding that a common strategy to impede women's rights is evident.

Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit der methodischen Entwicklung von Akquisition- und Rekonstruktionstechniken zur Anwendung von Echtzeit-Bildgebungstechniken auf das Gebiet der dynamischen kontrastmittelgestützten Magentresonanztomographie. Zur Unterdrückung unerwünschter Bildartefakte wird eine neue Spoiling-Technik vorgeschlagen, die auf randomisierten Phasen der Hochfrequenzanregung basiert. Diese Technik erlaubt eine schnelle, artefaktfreie Aufnahme von T1-gewichteten Rohdaten bei radialer Abtastung. Die Rekonstruktion quantitativer Parameterkarten aus solchen Rohdaten kann als nichtlineares, inverses Problem aufgefasst werden. In dieser Arbeit wird eine modellbasierte Rekonstruktionstechnik zur quantitativen T1-Kartierung entwickelt, die dieses inverse Problem mittels der iterativ regularisierten Gauß-Newton-Methode mit parameterspezifischer Regularisierung löst. In Simulationen sowie in-vitro- und in-vivo-Studien wird Genauigkeit und Präzision dieser neuen Methode geprüft, die ihre direkte Anwendung in in-vitro-Experimenten zur "first-pass"-Perfusion findet. In diesen Experimenten wird ein kommerziell verfügbares Phantom verwendet, dass in-vivo-Perfusion simuliert und gleichzeitig vollständige Kontrolle über die vorherrschenden Austauschraten erlaubt.

Le risque individuel de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux est un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge clinique des anévrismes asymptomatiques. La rupture anévrismale se produit lorsque la contrainte intra-pariétale dépasse la contrainte à rupture du matériau composant la paroi. Notre étude a pour objectif d'être un pas vers une nouvelle mesure biomécanique du risque individuel de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux. Dans un premier temps, une étude expéri- mentale fut menée pour caractériser le comportement biomécanique de la paroi anévrismale sur 16 échantillons d'anévrismes prélevés chirurgicalement. L'expérimentation sur les échan tillons de poche anévrismale a permis de dégager trois grandes classes de tissus pour chaque sexe (homme et femme) : souple, rigide et intermédiaire. Il apparaît que tous les anévrismes non rompus appartiennent à la catégorie rigide ou intermédiaire et que tous les anévrismes rompus correspondent à la catégorie souple. Ceci permet de mettre en évidence une corrélation entre le risque de rupture et les propriétés du matériau composant la paroi anévrismale. Dans un deuxième temps, des simulations d'interaction fluide/structure (FSI) ont été réalisées pour comparer les déformations d'un anévrisme " patient spécifique " constitué d'un matériau dégradé et non dégradé. Les résultats montrent que les propriétés du matériaux ont un impact majeur sur l'ampleur de la variation de volume anévrismale diastolosystolique. Les changements en terme de variations de volume en fonction des caractéristiques du tissu sont potentiellement visualisables à l'aide de l'imagerie médicale. Une analyse des incertitudes des paramètres est aussi présentée et montre la robustesse des résultats aux incertitudes des données d'entrée. Il a ensuite été démontré sur 12 cas " patient-spécifique " d'anévrismes différents (forme, taille, localisation et conditions aux limites différentes) qu'il existe toujours une différence significative en terme de variation de volume au cours du cycle cardiaque entre un anévrisme dont la paroi est composé d'un matériau rigide et d'un matériau souple. Cette étude suggère donc que la variation de volume anévrismale pourrait être utilisée comme une base pour une évaluation individuelle du risque de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux. / The individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm is a major stake in the clinical treatment. The aneurismal rupture occurs when the intra-parietal stress exceeds the rupture stress of the material of the aneurismal wall. The goal of our study is to be a step toward a new biomechanical measure of an individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm. First, an experimental study was performed to characterize the biomechanical behavior of the aneurismal wall on 16 samples of aneurysms removed by neurosurgery. The experimentation on the samples allowed us to reach three main categories of tissues for each sex (female and male): soft, intermediate and stiff. All the unruptured aneurysms belong to the stiff category or the intermediate category and all the ruptured aneurysms belong to the soft category. This is allowed us to give prominence to the correlation between the risk of rupture and the properties of the material of the aneurismal wall. Then, Fluid/Structure interaction computations (FSI) were performed to compare the strain of a “patient-specific” aneurysm composed of a degraded and undegraded material. The results show that the properties of the material have a major impact on the scope of the aneurismal volume variation over the cardiac cycle. The volume variation changes depending on the properties of the tissue are potentially viewable by medical imaging. A study of the uncertainties of the parameters is also proposed and shows the robustness of the results. We also demonstrated on 12 cases of “patient-specific” aneurysms that a significant difference stiff exists in terms of volume variation over the cardiac cycle between an aneurysm composed of a stiff and a soft material. This study suggests that the aneurismal volume variation could be used as a basis for an evaluation of the individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms.