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Poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) nano-composite membranes were prepared. The dope solution contained varied concentrations of superhydrophobic SiO2 nano-particles. The fabricated flat sheet membranes were characterized extensively by SEM, FTIR, water contact angle, LEPw, surface roughness, pore size diameter and pore size distribution. The effect of the nano-particles on the membrane performance was then analysed. The nano-composite membranes showed increased surface pore diameter, elevated water contact angle measurements with lower LEPw when compared to the neat membrane. The 7 wt. % nano-composite membrane showed the greatest flux in a VMD process with 2.9 kg/m2.h flux achieved accounting to a 4 fold increase when compared to the neat membrane. Desalination test were carried out using a 35 g/L synthetic salt water and rejection >99.98% was obtained. The best performing nano-composite dope solution (7 wt. %) was then further treated for performance enhancement by increasing the water content to increase pore size and pore size distribution followed by coating with nano-fibres. The uncoated and coated flat sheets, were characterized by SEM, surface roughness, LEPw and CAw. Flux analysis showed that the increase in water content had little effects on the VMD flux. It also suggests that; the nano-fibre layer posed very little resistance to mass transfer. A comparison of VMD and DCMD was also done experimentally.

A análise química do extrato bruto de esponja marinha é um método clássico de descoberta de novas drogas. Metabólitos secundários e peptídeos são geralmente os resultados neste tipo de pesquisa, utilizando diferentes e consecutivos protocolos de purificação. Neste estudo de uma amostra de extrato aquoso esponja separada numa coluna Sephadex®-G25 foi purificado por HPLC, numa tentativa de isolar uma única molécula. Com uma base de dados de RNA e a análise in silico espera-se que o RNAm pode ser relacionado com a molécula precursora do composto bioativo ou mesmo o seu gene. A dissociação de células a partir da matriz da esponja é um método importante para a extração de RNA optimizado em quantidade e qualidade. Frações extrato bruto do organismo e dados de RNAm a partir de células isoladas da esponja podem ser comparados por uma abordagem de comparação dos dados. Ensaios de MTS foram utilizados para analisar a bioatividade e microscopia confocal foi a principal ferramenta para examinar os danos em células tumorais (T47D). / The chemical analysis of sea sponge crude extract is a classic method in drug discovery. Secondary metabolites and peptides are usually the results in this type of research using different and consecutives purification protocols. In this study a sample of sponge aqueous extract separated in a sephadex-G25 column was purified by HPLC in an attempt to isolate a single molecule. With a RNA databank and in silico analysis is expected that the mRNA may be related with the precursor molecule of the bioactive compound or even its gene. The dissociation of cells from the sponge matrix was an important method to the optimized RNA extraction in quantity and quality. Crude extract fractions of the organism and mRNA data from sponge-isolated cells were obtained to a next step cross-data approach. MTS assays were used to analyze the bioactivity and confocal microscopy was the main tool to scan the damage in tumor cells (T47D).

Les pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles (P-2-AIs) sont des métabolites secondaires spécifiques des éponges marines. Ils sont principalement rencontrés dans les familles d’éponge Agelasidae, Halichondridae et Axinellidae. Ainsi l’étude chimique de l’éponge marine Axinella donnani dans le but d’isoler de nouveaux composés P-2-AIs a-t-elle permis un élargissement des connaissances au niveau de la diversité de la famille ainsi qu’une meilleure compréhension de leur biogénèse. Deux lots de cette éponge ont été étudiés afin de mener à l’isolement de 29 composés : parmi lesquels six P-2-AIs dimères nouveaux, un nouveau composé de la famille des manzacidines et un nouveau dimère 3,5-dibromotyrosinique. Les structures de ces nouvelles molécules ont déterminées à l’aide d’expériences RMN 1D et 2D. Une étude de leur stéréochimie absolue a aussi été menée à l’aide de dichroïsme circulaire. Par ailleurs la réalisation d’une chimiothèque d’analogues du dispacamide A a permis l’obtention de 29 analogues différemment substitués qui seront testés sur de nombreuses cibles biologiques afin d’évaluer leurs activités. / Pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles (P-2-AIs) are secondary metabolites specifically encountered in marine sponges. They are mainly found in Agelasidae, Halichondridae and Axinellidae families. Thus, the chemical study of the marine sponge Axinella donnani has led to the extension of the current knowledge about the diversity of the family and a better understanding of their biogenesis. Two batches of the sponges have been studied to lead to the isolation of 29 compounds: among them six P-2-AIs new dimers, a new mazacidin molecule and a new 3,5-bromotyrosine dimer. Their structures have been determined with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy experiments. Their absolute configuration has also been studied with circular dichroïsm. Additionally, 29 analogues of dipacamide A have been synthetized in order to test these molecules on various biological targets.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13464号 / 論医博第2251号 / 新制||医||1055(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 新, 教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / Ce mémoire de maîtrise parle de la démarche derrière la composition de trois pièces électroacoustiques. Ladite démarche consiste principalement à tenter d'établir un rapport geste-son clair en musique électronique. Une critique est formulée à l'égard des moyens de production électroacoustiques : les outils disponibles ne permettent pas l'utilisation de gestes expressifs. Un réel rapport geste-son permettrait de retrouver le côté ludique du jeu instrumental et d'établir un lien plus intime avec le public lors des concerts. Il est suggéré que l'utilisation d'interfaces mieux adaptées à l'expression musicale pourrait être une solution à ce problème. S'ensuit un survol critique d'un éventail d'interfaces. Cette critique sert de base au design de l'éponge, l'interface qui sera utilisée pour la performance de deux des trois pièces composées dans le cadre de ce mémoire. Les questions de l'expressivité et de la virtuosité dans un tel contexte sont abordées. L'éponge est décrite en détail : construction et stratégies de captations. Les trois pièces composées dans le cadre de ce mémoire sont ensuite présentées. Le discours musical, les matériaux, la structure, la spatialisation et le mapping sont discutés individuellement pour chacune des pièces. / This master's thesis is about the creative process that lead to the composition of three electroacoustic pieces. The main objective of that process was to establish a clear connection between gesture and sound. A critique of the means of production in electroacoustic music is formulated. It is argued that the tools available do not allow the use of expressive gestures. A clear link between gesture and sound would help to restore the playfulness that exists when playing an instrument as well as to strengthen the connection with the audience during concerts. It is suggested that using interfaces better adapted to musical expression could be a mean to reach that goal. Afterward, a few interfaces are reviewed and criticized. The conclusions drawn from those reviews are used as the bases for the design of the sponge, the interface used for the performance of two of the three pieces attached to this thesis. The questions of expressivity and virtuosity in such a context are addressed. The sponge is described in details : construction and sensing techniques. The three compositions are then presented. Musical discourse, sounds used, structure, spatialization and mapping are all discussed individually for each work.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterização comparativa do comportamento de degradação e/ou decomposição térmica da esponja sintética dupla face, base poliuretana (parte amarela e parte verde), e da palha de aço, a partir das técnicas termoanalíticas. As esponjas sintéticas para limpeza doméstica, em substituição à palha de aço, apesar da vantagem econômica, podem apresentar restrições de descartes para o meio ambiente ou expor o usuário a riscos de contaminação. Amostras de esponja sintética dupla face (verde e amarela) e de palha de aço foram caracterizadas por análise térmica (TG/DTG, DTA e DSC) empregando atmosfera dinâmica de ar e de N2. Essas amostras foram estudadas por métodos cinéticos por termogravimetria isotérmica e não isotérmica. Os parâmetros cinéticos obtidos permitiram estimar os tempos necessários para a decomposição de ambas as partes da amostra da esponja sintética e também da palha de aço sob atmosfera de ar. Os resultados evidenciaram claramente que a matriz polimétrica da esponja sintética para ser degradada completamente exige um tempo muito longo, acima de 20.000 anos. Por outro lado, os resultados indicaram comportamento similar entre as amostras de esponja sintética e de palha de aço considerando apenas o efeito temperatura e tipo de atmosfera. Contudo, no cotidiano sabe-se que a palha de aço se oxida muito facilmente sob atmosfera de ar na presença de umidade. / This work aims at a comparative characterization of degradation behavior and/or thermal decomposition of synthetic double-face sponge, polyurethane base (yellow part and green part), and steel wool, from thermoanalytical techniques. Synthetic sponges for household cleaning, replacing steel wool, despite the economic advantage, may have restrictions on discharges to the environment or expose the user to risks of contamination. Samples dual synthetic sponge face (green and yellow) and steel wool were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DTA DSC) employing an atmosphere of air and N2. These samples were studied by kinetic methods isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetic parameters obtained allowed the estimation necessary for decomposition of the sample both sides of the synthetic spomge and also of steel straw times under air atmosphere. The results clearly showed that polymetric matrix of synthetic sponge to be degraded completely requires a very long time, over 20,000 years. Moreover, the results showed similar behavior among synthetic sponge and steel wool sample considering only the effect of temperature and type of atmosphere. However, in daily life it is known that the steel wool oxidizes very easily under air atmosphere in the presence of moisture.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andre.pdf: 2791010 bytes, checksum: ce3338d300f06cc0e98e90446eb8df0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / This research investigates how the children in the Eradication of Child Labour perceive the cartoon SpongeBob Square Pants within the extended working day. This analysis includes a comparison with the perception of a group socially adapted to a social condition "ideal", according to the values propounded by the system itself. As a theoretical reference in the field of cultural studies take based on the writings of authors such as DOUGLAS KELLNER, RAQUEL SOIFER and STUART HALL. Issues related to children were used texts of Aries, and BIASOLI, LUCIA CASTRO. The study was supported by the reception of texts and GUILLERMO OROZCO, MARTIN BARBERO. Whereas the display of cartoons is one of the activities within the PETI, this study relates the cartoon SpongeBob and behavior of children in the "Extended School Day," taking into account the profile, context, subjectivity and historicity / Este trabalho de pesquisa investiga a forma como as crianças atendidas pelo Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil percebem o desenho animado Bob Esponja Calça Quadrada dentro da jornada ampliada. Esta análise contempla um estudo comparativo das crianças do PETI com a percepção de um grupo socialmente adaptado a uma condição social ideal , segundo os valores propugnados pelo próprio sistema. Como referência teórica na área dos estudos culturais, tomamos por base os textos de autores como DOUGLAS KELLNER, RAQUEL SOIFER e STUART HALL. Às questões relacionadas à infância foram utilizados os textos de ARIÈS, BIASOLI e LÚCIA CASTRO. O estudo de recepção está embasado pelos textos de MARTIN BARBERO E GUILLERMO OROZCO. Considerando que a apreciação de desenhos animados é uma das atividades desenvolvidas dentro do PETI, esta pesquisa procura revelar a importância do desenho animado Bob Esponja Calça Quadrada na construção identidade infantil, levando em conta o perfil, o contexto, a subjetividade e a historicidade da criança alvo da política social em questão