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In 2008, Sweden changed its labor migration legislation and allowed for labor migrants from non EU/EEA countries to migrate to Sweden, which had been heavily restricted since the 1970s. This shift in labor migration policy is mirrored in Swedish integration policy where the focus in recent years has been on labor market integration. This thesis aims to investigate the sociocultural integration of migrants who are employed and, in the Swedish context, assumed to be integrated. In addition, sociocultural integration is related to employment and length of stay. Sociocultural integration is measured by three indicators: knowledge of Swedish language, having Swedish friends, and membership in organizations. The data was collected through sixteen semi-structured interviews of highly educated migrants with employment in Sweden and analyzed using four integration theories.The study reveals that employed migrants are only partially socioculturally integrated. Respondents presented low levels of Swedish-language knowledge, which can be explained by their short stay in the country as well having international workplaces where mostly English is spoken. However, these workplaces also offer respondents opportunities to meet natives and most respondents met their Swedish friends through work. There is a need for further studies of integration, in particular those that would explore multiple dimensions of integration and incorporate migrants who are already economically integrated.

Thesis advisor: Monica O'Reilly-Jacob / Background: Emergency department crowding (EDC) is a major issue affecting hospitals in the United States and has devastating consequences, including an increased risk of patient mortality. Solutions to address EDC are traditionally focused on adding resources, including increased nurse staffing ratios. However, these solutions largely ignore the value of the experience and expertise that each nurse possesses and how those attributes can impact patient outcomes. This dissertation uses Benner’s Novice to Expert theory of professional development to describe how individual emergency nurse expertise influences patient length of stay in the emergency department and how it can be part of the strategy in addressing EDC.Purpose: The purpose of this program of research was to identify, articulate, and demonstrate a new approach to emergency nurse performance evaluation that integrates patient outcome data and emergency nurse characteristics. Methods: First, in a scoping review, we explored the different approaches to measuring nurse performance using patient outcome data and identified common themes. Second, a concept analysis introduced Emergency Nurse Efficiency as a novel framework to understand how emergency nurses can be evaluated using patient outcome data. Finally, a retrospective correlational study established the association between nurse expertise and emergency patient length of stay. Results: In Chapter Two of this dissertation, the researchers conducted a scoping review of nurse performance metrics and identified twelve articles for inclusion. We identified three themes: the emerging nature of these metrics in the literature, variability in their applications, and performance implications. We further described an opportunity for future researchers to work with nurse leaders and staff nurses to optimize these metrics. In Chapter Three, we performed a concept analysis to introduce a novel metric, called Emergency Nurse Efficiency, that is a measurable attribute that changes as experience is gained and incorporates the positive impact of an individual nurse during a given time while subtracting the negative. Using this measurement to evaluate ED nurse performance could guide staff development, education, and performance improvement initiatives. In Chapter Four, we performed a retrospective correlational analysis and administered an online survey to describe the relationship between individual emergency nurses, and their respective level of expertise, and their patients’ ED LOS. We found that, when accounting for patient-level variables and the influence of the ED physicians, emergency nurses are a statistically significant predictor of their patients’ ED LOS. A higher level of clinical expertise among emergency likely produces a lower ED LOS for their patients, and nurse leaders should seek to better understand these metrics for professional development and quality improvement activities. Conclusions: This dissertation made substantial knowledge contributions to the literature regarding the evaluation of individual emergency nurses and the influence that they have on patient outcomes. It established, first, that the measurement of individual nurse performance is varied and inconsistent; second, that considering emergency nursing as a team activity similar to professional sports results in a conceptual framework that can evaluate individual performance within a group context; and, third, that there is a relationship between the individual emergency nurse and their patients’ ED LOS, and that relationship can be further understood within Benner’s Novice to Expert theoretical model. We recommend that nurse leaders use these data as part of their strategy to decrease EDC. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

The dissertation begins by discussing the essence of the current study, which sought to accurately portray the experiences and realities of fulltime mothers, followed by a comprehensive literature review surrounding issues pertinent in motherhood. Subsequently, an explanation of the methodological approach utilized in the current study is provided, in addition to the overview of a pilot study which exemplified potential themes, obstacles, and assets anticipated within the actual research. The case studies of four women chosen to represent issues relevant to fulltime mothers are presented. Finally, the creation of a substantive Stay-at-home-mothering (i.e., SAHM) Model is offered, along with two SAHM portraits and a conclusion section, which includes an implications section along with an exploration of the personal discoveries made by the current researcher. / Ph. D.

Europa står inför en historiskt unik situation till följd av de demografiska förändringarna. Den historiska situationen beror på att andelen äldre på jorden ökar som ett resultat av drastiskt förbättrade hälsotillstånd tillsammans med mycket låga födelsetal i många länder, inte minst i Sverige. Studien ägnar sig åt att utforska och kartlägga strategier som svenska arbetsgivare använder för att stödja en förlängning av äldre medarbetares yrkesliv. Genom en tvärvetenskaplig metod av kvantitativa och kvalitativa analyser av organisationernas verksamheter, har mönster och hinder för åldersrelaterade anpassningar upptäckts. Resultaten avslöjar att en betydande majoritet av respondenterna inte genomför några specifika anpassningar för äldre arbetstagare. I stället är ospecificerade arbetsanpassningar den mest frekventa formen av åldersrelaterad anpassning bland de få organisationer som tillämpar sådana åtgärder. Brist på resurser, arbetsuppgifternas karaktär samt andra typer av anpassningar för samtliga medarbetare framstår som huvudhindren i arbetet med åldersrelaterad anpassning. Dessa resultat speglar äldre medarbetares situation på arbetsmarknaden och de utmaningar som medföljer den demografiska förändringen på makro-, meso- och mikronivå. Utifrån tidigare forskning och teorier används begreppen, push, stay, pull, jump och stuck för att skapa en nyanserad bild samt nå fördjupad insikt i hur dessa mekanismer påverkar äldre medarbetares pensionsbeslut. Genom att kartlägga och belysa organisationernas roll inom hållbart arbetsliv skapas en ökad förståelse kring meso-perspektivets betydelse i ämnet. Detta möjliggör det förändringsarbete som krävs för att skapa ett hållbart arbetsliv som gynnar de äldre medarbetarna, organisationerna och hela samhället.

Cultural stigma and a looming teacher deficit, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have created an increased need for special educators. Considering these issues, this research used traditional phenomenological qualitative methodologies to understand why public-school special education teachers of students with low incidence disabilities (SETs-LIDs) remained in the profession. The purpose was to better understand the lived experiences of SETs-LIDs, and it was designed as a phenomenological qualitative study. The primary research question was "What factors impact SETs-LIDs who continue to teach in special education during difficult times?" Secondary questions were (a) "What are the lived experiences of SETs-LIDs that influence their retention?" and (b) "How do SETs-LIDs cope with the challenges of their work?" Data were obtained through a demographic survey and independent interviews, which were designed to better understand why public-school SET-LIDs remain in the profession. Participants were selected based on responses to the demographic survey, and inclusion criteria included SETs-LIDs with diverse employment backgrounds. Ninety-six special educators responded to the demographic survey and 15 SET-LIDs were interviewed. Textual descriptions generated from the research were work satisfaction from relationships, intrinsic or altruistic motivation, positive administrative experiences, and external factors. Structural descriptions of the research were frustration, a desire for understanding, inequity and exclusion, and uncertainty. The "what" and "how" of individuals impacted by the difficulties of SET-LID attrition were interpreted. Participants described meaningful relationships with students and administrators as being fundamental to their retention. This research also found that SET-LIDs desired resources, understanding, appropriate professional development, and expert guidance. Implications for professional practices and future research were suggested. / Doctor of Education / School divisions have never adequately met the demand for qualified special educators. Cultural stigma and a looming teacher deficit, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have created an increased need for special educators. However, special educators are leaving the profession, and many are avoiding the working conditions in the special education field. Many are transferring to different career fields, retiring, or finding general education jobs. Considering these issues, this research used traditional phenomenological qualitative methodologies to understand why public-school special education teachers of students with low incidence disabilities (SETs-LIDs) remained in the profession. The purpose was to better understand the lived experiences of SETs-LIDs. The primary research question was "What factors impact SETs-LIDs who continue to teach in special education during difficult times?" Secondary questions were (a) "What are the lived experiences of SETs-LIDs that influence their retention?" and (b) "How do SETs-LIDs cope with the challenges of their work?" Data were obtained through a demographic survey and independent interviews, which were designed to better understand why public-school special educators remain in the profession. Ninety-six special educators responded to the demographic survey and 15 SET-LIDs were interviewed. Participants described meaningful relationships with students and administrators as being fundamental to their retention. This research also found that SET-LIDs desired resources, understanding, appropriate professional development, and expert guidance.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第25157号 / 医博第5043号 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 石見 拓, 教授 西浦 博, 教授 江木 盛時 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In Norway there are plans of a ferry-free European road E39 with crossings of eight deep and wide fjords. A newly developed bridge concept that could be used for some of these fjord-crossings is a chained floating bridge. One of the challenges for the chained floating bridge is to create a convenient shipping-lane under the bridge, where one suggestion is to connect the chained floating bridge with a single pylon cable-stayed bridge. The aim of this thesis is to design and evaluate a cable-stayed bridge in connection with a chained floating bridge. The purpose is to evaluate the feasibility of such a design by conducting a case study of the crossing of Bjørnefjorden. A design of a bridge is created for the case based on a literature study of conventional cable-stayed bridges. The bridge design is modelled, analyzed and the structural integrity is evaluated with SOFiSTiK (a finite element software for structural design) according to Eurocode. The study concludes that the concept is feasible for Bjørnefjorden by providing a possible design of a cables-stayed bridge connected to a chained floating bridge with conventional cross sections. The analysis in the thesis confirms the structural integrity of the consept. The bridge design’s main span is 300m long, it has a 25m wide steel box girder where the cables (φ140mm) are placed in two planes with a spacing of 15m along the girder. It has a 184 m high A-shaped pylon with a concrete box section from the foundation up to the girder level (+50m), to the top is a steel box (3.5x3.5m). The bridge is designed with material properties according to Eurocode, where steel class S355 and concrete C45 are used. A parametric research also verifies the design’s feasibility for other geometries of chained floating bridges - where the horizontal reactions on the cable-stayed bridge vary in a range of 107MN-242MN. The parametric research confirms that both the utilization of the cross section and the stability increases with the horizontal reaction from the chained floating bridge. The parametric study also concludes that a width of 8m between the pylon legs decreases the effect on the lower part of the pylon and the support reaction at the pylon when compared with a 12m and a 18m width. However, the average utilization of the girder, cable and steel part of the pylon increases when the 8m width is compared with a 12m or a 18m wide pylon. A fan or radial cable arrangement compared to harp design is more efficient for the cables and the displacements of the girder in Z-direction. They are however, less efficient for the bottom part of the pylon than the harp arrangement. / I Norge planeras en färjefri Europaväg E39, där åtta djupa och breda fjordar ska förbindas med broar eller tunnlar. För att korsa några av fjordarna utvecklas bla. ett brokoncept med kedjeflytbro. En av utmaningarna i konceptet är att skapa en farled för fartyg under bron. Ett förslag är att koppla ihop kedjeflybron med en ”halv” snedkabelbro som har en pylon (inte två), där farleden går under huvud­spannet till snedkabelbron. Avsikten med detta examensarbete är att konstruera och utvärdera en snedkabelbro ihopkopplad med en kedjeflytbro. Syftet är att utvärdera om konceptet med snedkabelbro är genomförbart, med hjälp av en fallstudie av Bjørnefjordsförbindelsen. En konventionell design av en snedkabelbro upprättas efter fallets villkor med hjälp av en literaturstudie. Designen modelleras, analyseras och dimensioneras enligt Eurokod med analysverktyget SOFiSTiK. Slutsatsen är att konceptet med en snedkabelbro ihopkopplad med en kedjeflytbro är genomförbart då det är möjligt att designa en sådan med konventionella tvärsnitt. Analysen i rapporten bekräftar att designen har tillräcklig bärförmåga. I designen är huvudspannet 300m långt och består av en 25m bred brobalk upphängd av (φ140mm) kablar placerade i två plan var 15m. Bron har en 184m hög A-formad pylon med ett lådtvärsnitt i betong från fundament till brobalksnivån (+50m), därifrån till pylontoppen är tvärsnittet en stålbox (3.5x3.5m). Bron är dimensionerad med materialparameterar enligt Eurokod, där stålkvalitet S355 och Betong C45 har använts. En utförd parameterstudie bekräftar också konceptets genomförbarhet för andra geometrier av kedjeflytbron – där den horisontella reaktionen på snedkabelbron varierar mellan 107MN och 242MN. Parameterstudein bekräftar att både utnyttjandet av tvärsnittskapasiteten och stabiliteten ökar med den horisontella reaktionen från kedjeflytbron. Dessutom konkluderar parameterstudien att bredden 8m mellan pylonbenen minskar lasteffekten på den nedre delen av pylonen och stödreaktionen vid pylonen jämfört med bredden 12m och 18m. Däremot ökar medelutnyttjandet av tvärsnittaskapasiteten för brobalken, kablarna och ståldelen av pylonen för bredden 8m jämfört med 12m eller 18m. En radiell- eller solfjäderformad kabelkonfiguration jämfört med parallellformad design är mer effektiv för kablarna och nedböjning av brobalken. De gör däremot så att den den nedre delen av pylonen får större snittkrafter än för den parallellformade kabelkonfigurationen.

L’Acte uniforme portant organisation des procédures collectives d’apurement du passif, adopté le 10 avril 1998 à Libreville et entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 1998 est venu harmoniser le droit de la faillite dans les pays membres de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du droit des Affaires (OHADA). En effet, ces pays étaient jusque là, en la matière, dotés de textes inadaptés datant de l’époque coloniale. Au regard de la parenté aujourd’hui avérée des ordres juridiques africain et français en Droit des entreprises en difficulté, il n’était pas inintéressant de mener une étude comparative sur le rôle du juge dans le sauvetage de l’entreprise en difficulté dans les deux systèmes. L’étude révèle qu’en droit africain et en droit français, les degrés d’intervention du juge varient selon que l’entreprise est in bonis ou selon qu’elle est en état de cessation des paiements. Pour permettre au juge de mener à bien la mission de sauvetage de l’entreprise en difficulté, les législateurs africain et français lui ont octroyé des moyens d’action processuels qui se caractérisent de manière tantôt convergente et tantôt divergente selon les cas, par une maîtrise de l’instance et, par l’exécution immédiate des décisions judiciaires rendues. L’étude révèle cependant l’existence dans les deux ordres juridiques de nombreux obstacles qui s’opposent à la mission de sauvetage incombant aux juges africain et français, obstacles tant d’ordre fonctionnel que d’ordre structurel. A côté des solutions apportées ici et là à toutes ces problématiques, et à bien d’autres soulevées tout au long de l’étude, de nouvelles propositions sont faites pour rendre l’action du juge plus efficiente. Il reste que, qu’il s’agisse du droit africain ou du droit français, à travers la question relative au rôle du juge dans le sauvetage de l’entreprise en difficulté, se pose la récurrente problématique de la réelle capacité du droit à juguler les phénomènes économiques. / The Uniform Act organizing collective proceedings for discharge of liabilities, adopted on 10 April 1998 in Libreville and entered into force on 1 January 1998 came harmonize the insolvency law in the Member countries of the Organization for the Harmonization of the law of Affairs (OHADA). Indeed, these countries were up there, in material, with inadequate texts dating from the colonial era. Under today proven relatives of African and French legal systems in law firms in difficulty, it was interesting to carry out a comparative study on the role of the judge in the rescue of the firm in difficulty in both systems. The study reveals that African law and French law, judge's intervention levels vary depending on whether the company is in bonuses or depending on whether it is in a State of cessation of payments. To enable the judge to carry out the mission to rescue of the firm in difficulty, African and French lawmakers have granted action procedural means characterized sometimes convergent and sometimes divergent manner as appropriate, by a master of the instance and immediate execution of judicial decisions. However, the study reveals the existence in both legal orders of many obstacles that oppose the incumbent judges African and French, rescue mission obstacles so many functional order than structural. Next to the solutions here and all these problems, there other proposals are made to make more efficient action by the judge. It remains that, whether it's African law or French law, through the question of the role of the judge in the rescue of the firm in difficulty, arises the recurring problem of the real capacity of the law to curb economic phenomena.

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