Authors: Siri Amram and Cecilia Hedquist Title: Big equality between the sexes in a small form- a quantitative and qualitative thesis of Lilla Aktuellt from a gender perspective. Language: Swedish Level: BA thesis in journalism Location: University of Kalmar Number of pages: 43 (with appendices 64) Abstract In this study we have analyzed a television news show in Sweden for children – Lilla Aktuellt – from a gender perspective. We have analyzed the program both from quantitative and qualitative aspects. In the quantitative analysis of twelve episodes we compared females and males in the following respects: number of participants and for how long the participants were allowed to speak. In the qualitative analysis of three episodes we aimed to discover what different roles and stereotypes the participants displayed. We have in our study applied the theory about gender and the theory of representation, stereotypes and identity with the aim to find out if the girls/women and the boys/men appearing in the programs were ascribed different characteristics and attributes and if they were divided in different spheres. Our study shows that the allotment between the genders in Lilla Aktuellt is very even. In our quantitative analysis the participants were approximately 51 percent girls and women and 49 percent boys and men. The same allocation between females and males applied when it came to for how long the participants were allowed to speak. In our qualitative analysis we found that the children and the adults did represent different stereotypes and played different roles but that there were hardly any differences in this respect between the genders.

<p>Authors: Siri Amram and Cecilia Hedquist</p><p>Title: Big equality between the sexes in a small form- a quantitative and qualitative thesis of</p><p>Lilla Aktuellt from a gender perspective.</p><p>Language: Swedish</p><p>Level: BA thesis in journalism</p><p>Location: University of Kalmar</p><p>Number of pages: 43 (with appendices 64)</p><p>Abstract</p><p>In this study we have analyzed a television news show in Sweden for children – Lilla Aktuellt</p><p>– from a gender perspective. We have analyzed the program both from quantitative and</p><p>qualitative aspects. In the quantitative analysis of twelve episodes we compared females and</p><p>males in the following respects: number of participants and for how long the participants were</p><p>allowed to speak. In the qualitative analysis of three episodes we aimed to discover what</p><p>different roles and stereotypes the participants displayed.</p><p>We have in our study applied the theory about gender and the theory of representation,</p><p>stereotypes and identity with the aim to find out if the girls/women and the boys/men</p><p>appearing in the programs were ascribed different characteristics and attributes and if they</p><p>were divided in different spheres.</p><p>Our study shows that the allotment between the genders in Lilla Aktuellt is very even. In our</p><p>quantitative analysis the participants were approximately 51 percent girls and women and 49</p><p>percent boys and men. The same allocation between females and males applied when it came</p><p>to for how long the participants were allowed to speak. In our qualitative analysis we found</p><p>that the children and the adults did represent different stereotypes and played different roles</p><p>but that there were hardly any differences in this respect between the genders.</p>

This study is grounded on qualitative interviews with 12 adult Kenyan immigrants living in Sweden regarding their experiences of othering, racialisation, creation of divisions in society based on “us” and “them” linked on repertories of racializing the other in the Swedish multicultural environment. I engage with stereotyping as theory which is used as a tool to pick difference, racialize the respondents by white Swedish natives, and how these actions affect the respondents in their everyday life in Sweden. The study finds that non-white bodies of Kenyan immigrants are constantly centered while interacting with native white Swedish population. These are either expressed by direct questions that border impoliteness, subtle and blatant forms of prejudice. The study also shows that othering of Kenyans takes place all the time so that these people feel that they will never fully integrate into the Swedish community thus question the issue of integration and place of multiethnicity in Sweden. The study also finds that respondents have taken various actions to minimise racism or take back the power as forms of coping.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The current study examined African American participants’ perceptions of and reactions to a White ally vs. a Black target (vs. a no confrontation control condition) prejudice confrontation. Based on intergroup helping theories suggesting that low-status group members question high-status helper motivations and consequently feel disempowered by their help (Fisher, Nadler, & Whitcher-Alagna, 1982; Nadler, 2002), we predicted that participants would report lower empowerment when a White vs. Black person confronted on their behalf, and that perceived confronter motivation would mediate the effect of confronter group membership on empowerment. To test these hypotheses, we recruited African American participants (N = 477) via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, randomly assigned them to either a no confrontation control, target confrontation, or ally confrontation condition, and then assessed participants’ sense of psychological empowerment and perceptions of the confronter’s motivation. The results supported our predictions for the primary dependent variables, and mediation analyses provided evidence for a causal model such that confronter group membership affected participants’ psychological empowerment via their perceptions of the confronter’s motivation. The findings suggest that although both target and ally confrontations are preferable to no confrontation, allies should be aware of the possible disempowering effect of their confronting on targets of prejudice and the importance of their own motivations when engaging in prejudice confrontation. The current study further emphasizes the importance of representing targets’ perspectives in studies of prejudice.

This study investigates the effects of priming participants with either negative or positive images of older adults and the impressions they form of a neutral image of an older adult after subsequent priming. Participants were first primed with 25 positive, 25 negative, or no images of older adults, then they were asked to write a short story about "a day in the life of' a neutral woman and to complete several surveys including the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA), Marlowe Crowne, and the NEO-FF inventory. The primary dependent variable was participants' short stories; which were analyzed for linguistic indicators of prejudice toward older adults. Additionally, the data were analyzed to unveil variables that predict ageism. Although priming did not have a significant effect, participants without perceived social support of a grandparent or older adult scored relatively higher on the FSA. Ageism was also predicted by the terminology used in the narrative written to describe the older adult female in the image. Ageism, like other forms of prejudice, develops over a lifetime and cannot be expected to be elicited or eradicated in a few hours. The results of this study suggest perceived level of support from an older adult is more important to reducing ageism than exposure to positive images of older adults.

People often express essentialist beliefs about race and nationality, viewing each as causally powerful and stable over time. However, do essentialist intuitions apply across intersectional categories? Here, across White-non-Latine (n = 197), White-Latine (n = 202) and non-White-Latine (n = 151) Americans, we find that essentialist beliefs about nationality differ based on participant race-ethnicity and the skin-color of the target American. In White-Latines and non-Latines, both white-skinned and brown-skinned targets’ “Americanness” were essentialized above chance, but white-skinned targets were essentialized at higher rates. However, non-White-Latines essentialized Americanness similarly in both white and brown-skinned targets. Further, only participants who essentialized Americanness in white-skinned, but not brown-skinned, Americans expressed greater warmth toward White immigrants over Latine immigrants. Those who essentialized Americanness equally in white- and brown-skinned targets showed no difference in warmth. These findings illustrate the importance of investigating cognitive precursors to prejudice through an intersectional perspective in ethnically diverse samples.

This study analyzes gender portrayals in Swiss prime-time television advertising with regard to gender stereotypes. A content analysis of 449 characters of 412 distinct advertisements sampled from four selected German-speaking TV channels in Switzerland was carried out. Characters in the ads were coded for physical appearance, sexualization, social role, and occupation. The data show significant variations between the representation of women and men in all four aspects. An international comparison of the gender portrayals used in Swiss advertising suggests that they are almost identical to internationally used stereotypes. Only small deviances occur, such as the portrayal of both women and men in a home setting, an equal share of female and male characters doing housework, and no differences in the arguments given by women and men on why to use a product they advertise.

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Problem statement and purpose of the study: The picture and the visual presentation have an increased importance in news media today. Which means that politicians visual frames can have a great impact on the readers and therefore on the outcome of an election. The purpose of this study is to examine the visual framing of the american presidential candidates of the 2016 election, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, to see if there is any sign of stereotyping or personalising, and if the candidate’s gender matters. Women and men have been framed differently by the news media in the past. Men has often been portrayed as the normative politician, while women been portrayed as the female politician. Method: This essay is written by a qualitative method and is the result of semiotic analysis of 16 pictures from the swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. Eight of the analyzed pictures show Donald Trump and the other eight show Hillary Clinton. We analyzed the pictures by denotation and connotation. Main result: Our results showed some significant differences in the visual framing of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Trump is portrayed as an more threatening and serious manner while Hillary Clinton’s framing shows a more emotional and encouraging politician. We also found stereotyping in the visual framing, but not so much personalising. The two candidates gender was for the most part clear in the framing. Hillary Clinton’s frames were those of a woman and Donald Trump’s those of a man. There were differences in the two newspapers visual framing, but they were not as clear as the ones between Trump and Clinton.

This qualitative essay explores and compares women’s roles and identities in the gothic novels Rebecca and Jane Eyre. The investigation shall be a social critique on feminine ideals from a feminist perspective. Comparable analysis of the "other women" who act as doubles for the protagonists will be essential to understanding the alter egos of Mrs. de Winter and Jane Eyre. These double personalities raise questions of identity and the roles of femininity. Similarly the power struggles between husband and wives and other feminine influences shall throw further light on prevailing feminine ideals of the times. I shall analyze Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca in relation to the concepts of the "Angel in the house" and the "Mad Woman in the Attic" with Charlotte Bronte’s novel to explore parallels between the plot and female characters. I shall show how Daphne du Maurier offers varying feminine models and ultimately takes a feminist standpoint with her novel much like Brontë’s Jane Eyre before her. Finally, I will show how the suppression of women by men through gender stereotyping can lead to female rebellion and, in turn, the stigmatization of female madness.