More than two-thirds of Americans are obese or overweight. Obesity rates have risen to an epidemic level, contributing to health inequalities and leading to reduced health-related quality of life. When obese and overweight persons face weight bias by health care providers, fragmented care may occur. Ensuring positive relationships with healthcare providers is important in helping those who are obese or overweight. The purpose of this project was to understand the factors that contribute to negative weight bias in the provider-patient relationship and to identify the most effective interventions that would reduce stigmatizing attitudes and support self-awareness, acceptance, and resolution for both patient and provider. The theoretical foundations of cultural humility and self-appraisal in interpersonal relations were applied to inform this project. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews framed this systematic literature review. Additionally, Melnyk's levels of evidence was used to evaluate each article. Articles for inclusion were limited to those published no earlier than 2013, full text available, English language, and peer-reviewed. The search identified 102 articles, of which 26 were selected for the final review. Five articles met the criteria for Level VII (opinions of experts), 18 were Level VI (qualitative studies), 1 was a Level V (qualitative review), and 2 were Level 1 (systematic review). The analysis of evidence clarified the issues related to weight bias and supported recommendations for nursing practice improvement in upholding the dignity of all persons with regard to weight. Nurses can pioneer positive social change by becoming role models who advocate for equality in healthcare delivery for persons who are obese or overweight.

Confucianism is the doctrine that ruled Eastern Asian countries for thousands of years. The doctrine focused on the order of the society and the dependence among individuals in the society. One critique for Confucianism is the under-evaluation of women's role and presence in the society. In the thesis, I will detect Confucianism-related gender stereotypes appearing on feature interviews in the entertainment section of online newspapers in Vietnam, one of former Confucian countries. The thesis also makes the effort to connect the global journalism theory to the solution for removing gender stereotypes from journalism. Three methods namely critical discourse analysis (CDA), conversation analysis (CA) and interviewing are employed in the thesis to address three research questions. Four Confucianism-inspired gender stereotypes are pointed out and the connection between Confucianism-related gender stereotyping and global journalism is basically sketched out in terms of journalistic style.

This study set out to examine and describe the experiences of undergraduate students from different cultural backgrounds studying nursing across three Australian states. The researcher chose to use the grounded theory method to analyse data collected from 40 undergraduate student nurses and 32 nurse teachers. Other data resources included field observations of student nurses in clinical practice and classroom settings. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and along with field notes and memos were analysed using the constant comparative method synonymous with grounded theory. This study was set in a sociopolitical climate of disharmony in which the basic social problem of sociocultural discord: being different and not fitting in (SD) was identified and developed as the core category. The basic social psychological problem existed for culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students because they were in some way different to the majority of their White western counterparts. Differences existed in, for example, religion, dress, skin colour, beliefs, behaviours, and ways of communicating. Because these students were different they experienced discord. Discord was characterised as sociocultural because differences causing discord were rooted in either a cultural or social domain or both. Those students who experienced SD lived with feelings of social and professional isolation, discrimination, and low self esteem to name a few. For the students, experiences of sociocultural discord were largely unpredictable and occurred episodically. The fear of embarrassment, discrimination, or some other form of inequitable treatment prevented students participating actively in classes or on clinical practice. / Students, however, were unable to determine when they were likely to experience inequitable treatment and for many when it had been identified it was too late; they were amidst the experience. Others were hesitant to interact with their Australian counterparts for fear of rejection. This study occurred during a particularly disharmonic climate which permeated all aspects of the students’ lives and had the propensity to impact upon individual levels of SD. As such this climate existed as the background in this study. One of the background issues identified as impacting upon students in this study was stereotyping. In this study stereotyping was often based upon perceived cultural, religious, and/or gender norms. The physical environments, that is, university campuses and clinical practice settings in which the students were required to participate, were also found to impact upon student participants and were therefore also considered as background. In these institutions there was an obvious lack of cultural role models and students’ behaviours were often misinterpreted. Whilst some students’ families were considered as immensely supportive others were identified as being the cause of much sociocultural discord. The politics of race and culture also acted to permeate the students’ existence and these issues were given wide media coverage at the time of this research. In an effort to deal with, or counter, episodes of sociocultural discord student participants engaged the process of seeking concord to get in the right track (SC). Some of these strategies worked to reduce SD whilst others did not. These strategies consisted of saving face, covert deception, and using the “yes syndrome”. / Other strategies included clustering, trying to form friendships, and trying to interact with members of the dominant group. Many students struggled to suppress their feeling of SD by being quiet and/or ignoring differential treatment and avoiding interaction with others. Some adopted other strategies to strengthen their communication abilities in an effort to reduce discordant episodes. Many of these strategies were learnt from other students or supportive nurse teachers. Other support was attained from student counselling services and supportive family members. These were considered the influencing conditions. Unlike many grounded theories this study was unable to identify the end of the process, that is, successful outcomes. Irrespective that students implemented strategies to decrease their discord they continued to experience other discordant events throughout their undergraduate degree program. Whilst many of the findings in this research support the existing literature, this study can be considered as one of the first attempts to study student nurses from different cultural backgrounds and their experiences of nursing education in Australian universities.

<p>Research indicates that the advancement of women into top management positions is steadily increasing. However, it seems as if gender divisions in the workforce do not encourage equal opportunities for women in the labor sector. In the world of sport, gender equity has been promoted with some progress. However, this progress, both globally and in South Africa, is still limited both quantitatively and qualitatively. There has been very little research on the experiences of women in leadership positions, specifically in the field of sport. This study explored the experiences of female sports administrators in the workplace. This study employed a qualitative research methodology. Purposive sampling was used to select suitable candidates in the field of sport and recreation in the Western Cape, South Africa. Data was collected by using semi-structured interviews and data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicate that participants in this study experience gender bias in the workplace in terms of differential treatment, organizational fit and harassment and intimidation. Conclusions and recommendations are also offered.</p>

<p>This dissertation examines the topic of social perceptions regarding political candidates at the intersection of race and gender. Within this project I analyze 1) the degree to which stereotypes are held at different points of this intersection; 2) the degree to which these stereotypes can be influenced by way of priming via common news reporting messages; and 3) the ways in which these stereotypes and perceptions influence evaluations of Black female political candidates and their electoral prospects. In order to examine these issues, I utilize data from two surveys I have designed: the 2011 Social Cognition and Evaluation Survey and the 2012 Political Candidate Evaluation and Social Beliefs Survey. The former gathers information regarding social and personal perceptions of "average" and "elite" Black women, White women, Black men, and White men, and the ways in which negative intersectional priming messages can influence the evaluation of each of these groups. The latter survey includes an embedded experiment in which respondents participate in two mock elections and candidate evaluations. One mock election includes a Black female with a relatively dark complexion as the fixed candidate and the other includes a Black female with a relatively light complexion as the fixed candidate, with each competing against either a White male, White female, or Black male opponent. Based on the data from the aforementioned surveys, I find that people engage in stereotyping in an intersectional, rather than a one-dimensional, manner. Consequently, Black women at different social status levels and with differing skin tones are subject to distinct intensities of the attribution of racialized, gendered, and intersectional stereotypes. In turn, the ways in which the voting public evaluates them as political candidates are influenced by these stereotypes.</p> / Dissertation

Kara Walker, winner of the MacArthur “Genius” award and the Smithsonian Lucelia award, is one of the most critically acclaimed contemporary African American artists. Her work, especially her cut-paper silhouettes depicting grotesque antebellum scenes, has inspired as much outrage from an older generation of Black artists as acclaim from the mainstream media. This thesis gives an overview of the artist’s life, analysis of some of her works, and an examination of the controversy her work has caused. In the conclusion, I introduce the next generation of Black American artists, self-proclaimed “Art Stars,” including Atlanta artist Fahamu Pecou.

Visual implicit propositioning suggests that exemplars can activate stereotypes regarding social group members, affecting how individuals may perceive issues presented in a news format. This experiment sought to test the main tenet of visual implicit propositioning by examining how gay exemplars affect social estimate perceptions associated with the mortgage crisis and support for programs that would help homeowners refinance their mortgages. One hundred and ninety heterosexual college students read a news story featuring recent the mortgage crisis with a gay male couple, a heterosexual couple or a house and reported their perceptions related to various social groups. Gay exemplars did not affect social estimate perceptions, but did affect support for programs that would help homeowners refinance their homes. Attitudes towards gay males was examined as a moderating variable, however, this study did not find that these attitudes moderated the relationship between the exemplar presented and social estimates or support for programs.

Abstrakt Syftet med denne undersökelsen var å se om det fantes et samband mellom lönn og vekt og utenforskap og vekt inom kriminalvården og det ble sjekket om extroversion, kjönn og alder hadde noen påvirkning på dette. Det ble brukt en delvis selvkonstruert enkät med 22 av  Eysenck´s extraversionsspörsmål (Eysenck &amp; Eysenck, 1975). Det ble konstruert spörsmål om utenforskap og fysikk og stilt spörsmål om lönn, vekt og alder. Dette ble gjort  for å se om det fantes et  samband mellom disse faktorene. Personene som var med i denne studien jobbet alle inom kriminalvården (n=48), 21 kvinner og 27 menn med en middelalder på 42,91 år (sd=12,46). Studien er gjort på grunnlag av ulike studier som viser at det finnes et signifikant  samband mellom lönn og vekt, vekt og extraversion og vekt og utenforskap, og at det finnes utpregede negative stereotyper om overvektige personer. Funnene i denne studie viste ikke det samme som  andre studier viser når det gjelder lönn og vekt; det fantes ikke noen signifikant samband mellom disse variablene. Det fantes derimot et signifikant negativt samband mellom vekt og utenforskap. Dette kan indikere at inom kriminalvården ses det ikke  på som noe negativt om man har höyere vekt men kanskje mer som en styrke i den daglige interaksjonene med intagna. Nökkelord: Ekstraversion, utenforskap, stereotyper, overvekt, diskriminering / Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between salary and weight and social isolation and weight for prison officers and to see if extraversion, gender and age had any influence on these. The instrument that was used was a partly self-designed questionnaire with 22 of Eysenck´s questions about extraversion (Eysenck &amp;  Eysenck, 1975).  Questions were designed to measure the feeling of social isolation and physical condition, questions were asked about wages, weight and age to see if there were any significant relationship between these factors. The  people who worked in  treatment of offenders (N=48) were part of this study, 21 women and 27 men with a mean age of 42,91 years (std=12,46). This study was done on the basis of different studies that show a significant relationship between salary and weight, weight and extraversion and weight and the feeling of social isolation, and that larger people are stereotypically viewed negatively. The findings in this study however show something else than the other studies show concerning salary and weight; it was no significant relationship  between these variables. Between weight and the feeling of social isolation however, a negative significant relationship was found. This can indicate that it doesn´t  have to be negative to be large bodied when working with prisoners but maybe it is seen as an asset in the daily intervention with the inmates. Keywords: Extraversion, social isolation, stereotyping, overweight, discrimination.

<p>Abstrakt</p><p>Syftet med denne undersökelsen var å se om det fantes et samband mellom lönn og vekt og utenforskap og vekt inom kriminalvården og det ble sjekket om extroversion, kjönn og alder hadde noen påvirkning på dette. Det ble brukt en delvis selvkonstruert enkät med 22 av  Eysenck´s extraversionsspörsmål (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). Det ble konstruert spörsmål om utenforskap og fysikk og stilt spörsmål om lönn, vekt og alder. Dette ble gjort  for å se om det fantes et  samband mellom disse faktorene. Personene som var med i denne studien jobbet alle inom kriminalvården (<em>n</em>=48), 21 kvinner og 27 menn med en middelalder på 42,91 år (<em>sd=</em>12,46<em>)</em>. Studien er gjort på grunnlag av ulike studier som viser at det finnes et signifikant  samband mellom lönn og vekt, vekt og extraversion og vekt og utenforskap, og at det finnes utpregede negative stereotyper om overvektige personer. Funnene i denne studie viste ikke det samme som  andre studier viser når det gjelder lönn og vekt; det fantes ikke noen signifikant samband mellom disse variablene. Det fantes derimot et signifikant negativt samband mellom vekt og utenforskap. Dette kan indikere at inom kriminalvården ses det ikke  på som noe negativt om man har höyere vekt men kanskje mer som en styrke i den daglige interaksjonene med intagna.</p><p><em>Nökkelord: Ekstraversion, utenforskap, stereotyper, overvekt, diskriminering</em></p><p> </p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between salary and weight and social isolation and weight for prison officers and to see if extraversion, gender and age had any influence on these. The instrument that was used was a partly self-designed questionnaire with 22 of Eysenck´s questions about extraversion (Eysenck &  Eysenck, 1975).  Questions were designed to measure the feeling of social isolation and physical condition, questions were asked about wages, weight and age to see if there were any significant relationship between these factors. The  people who worked in  treatment of offenders (N=48) were part of this study, 21 women and 27 men with a mean age of 42,91 years (<em>std</em>=12,46). This study was done on the basis of different studies that show a significant relationship between salary and weight, weight and extraversion and weight and the feeling of social isolation, and that larger people are stereotypically viewed negatively. The findings in this study however show something else than the other studies show concerning salary and weight; it was no significant relationship  between these variables. Between weight and the feeling of social isolation however, a negative significant relationship was found. This can indicate that it doesn´t  have to be negative to be large bodied when working with prisoners but maybe it is seen as an asset in the daily intervention with the inmates.</p><p><em>Keywords: Extraversion, social isolation, stereotyping, overweight, discrimination.</em></p>

After examining Harmony Korine's feature films, shorts, art installations, music videos, paintings, and novel, a clear pattern of stereotyping and misappropriating African American aesthetics emerges. This thesis addresses the mass appropriation of hip-hop aesthetics by whites, and Korine's complicity in this cultural phenomenon. Additionally, it explores the notion of hipster racism, Carmen Van Kerckhove’s term for respected artists who feel enlightened enough to stereotype in an ironic or comedic manner. Looking closely at cultural appropriation in Spring Breakers, this thesis considers hipster racism and the notion of modern-day minstrelsy. / text