Theoretical ? practical work with theme The Flying Dutchman is inspiration legends about myth neveranding wander. Jude Ahasver and The Flying Dutchman have been symbolic protagonists this myth in our culture space. This work is about modifications legends. This work is about different creative branch of knowlendge and periods, which have been inspiration these stories. The practical work is realization ceramic objects. Objects are stylization to appearance historical Dutch ship (fluyt, smaller ship with three masts, with low draft, with pear ? shaped). It is symbol neverending wander along sea. Technological proces realization is specific variation middle ages smoke ceramics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioPAD.pdf: 942580 bytes, checksum: 17f7e873cef66889a6f05568f5f345cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / The marble and granite waste come from the process of mining of those ornamental rocks for use in the building industry. Brazil is one of the largest producers of blocks or finished products of ornamental rocks, extracting about 5.2 tons / year. The largest national producers are the states of Esp?rito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia which account for 80% of the Brazilian production. However, the waste total amount during processing of these blocks reaches 40% of the total. The use of the waste produced by this industry in white ceramics could be a form of disposition, because these materials, are thrownasa mud directly at decantation ponds, wastelands or in rivers, without any treatment. The present work has as main purpose to study the influence that reject of the ornamental rocks on the physical and mechanical properties of white ceramics. X-Ray characterizations of raw materials by were performed X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, granulometric, thermogravimetric and thermodiferencial analysis, five formulations were made (0, 10, 20, 30, 40% in granite weight) wich were burned at three temperatures: 1100?C, 1150?C and 1200?C with 60 minutes of sorling time. After sintering, the samples were submitted to different analyser absorption of water, linear retraction, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, flexival stronght, and scanning were obtained microscopy. Compatible technological properties within the limits demanded for the production of porcelainized stoneware / Os rejeitos de granito s?o provenientes do processo de minera??o dessas rochas ornamentais para uso na ind?stria da constru??o civil. O Brasil ? um dos maiores produtores de blocos ou produtos acabados de rochas ornamentais, extraindo cerca de 5,2 milh?es toneladas/ano. Os maiores produtores nacionais s?o os estados do Esp?rito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia que respondem por 80% da produ??o nacional. Por?m o desperd?cio em todo o processo de desmonte destes blocos chega a incr?veis 40% do total. O uso dos detritos produzidos por esta ind?stria na cer?mica branca poderia ser uma forma de disposi??o desse material, visto que estes materiais, sob forma de lama, s?o lan?ados diretamente em lagoas de decanta??o, terrenos baldios ou jogados em rios, sem nenhum tratamento. O presente trabalho tem como prop?sito principal estudar a influ?ncia que o rejeito das rochas ornamentais exerce sobre as propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas da cer?mica branca. Para isso, foram feitas as caracteriza??es das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X, difra??o de Raios-X, an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise termogravim?trica e an?lise termodiferencial, elaborando-se cinco formula??es (0, 10, 20, 30, 40% em peso de granito) que foram queimadas em tr?s temperaturas: 1100?C, 1150?C e 1200?C com 60 minutos de patamar. Ap?s a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Foram obtidas propriedades tecnol?gicas compat?veis com os limites m?nimos exigidos para a fabrica??o de um gr?s porcelanato

No description available.

Mitt kandidatarbete är en teknikstudie där jag grottat ner mig i keramikens geologiska ursprung. I arbetet har jag utgått ifrån magmatiska och metamorfa bergarter som granit och gnejs. De innehåller kvarts, fältspat och glimmer i perfekta proportioner för att redan vara färdiga keramiska glasyrer. Jag har sedan provat att tillsätta lermineralet kaolin för att göra egna stengodsleror utifrån två äldre recept på parian och porslin. Genom att själv krossa och mala sten vill jag synliggöra alla moment som kan ingå i framställningen av lera samt medvetandegöra den fysiska närheten till materialet. / My work is a technique study with focus on the geological origin of ceramics. I have examined magmatic and metamorphic rocks such as granites and gneiss. They consist of minerals like quartz, feldspar and mica in perfect proportions to already be a “ready-made” ceramic glaze, if grinded down to powder. With an ancient Chinese recipe of how to make porcelain I’ve tried to make my own clay version using granite and gneiss, adding the clay mineral kaolin. Using a technique where I crush and grind the stones into powder by hand, my wish is to visibility all of the different parts that takes place in the making of clay and bring to awareness how physically close we often aren't, but could be, to the origin of the material. / <p>Opponent: Jelena Rundqvist</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlebaCLS_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 867517 bytes, checksum: 987b25ef4fe3ce3f0c98936233c9caed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the State Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, the most significant deposits of minerals in the production of granite and pegmatite are Serid? region. Municipalities of Parelhas and Equador are the main responsible for the production of feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. The ceramic industries are always in search of competitiveness by investing in new products or improving existing techniques. The stoneware is a type of pottery that stands in the market because it presents technical and aesthetic characteristics superior to other existing products. Characteristics of the raw materials initially obtained with chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis are crucial in getting a product that satisfies the conditions in a manufacturing process and is, in principle, directly related to the firing cycle. This research aimed at developing new formulations for the mass production of ceramic stoneware. The raw materials initially characterized were feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. As part of the research was developed at the University of Aveiro, in Portugal, we used two clays used in the production of Portuguese ceramics. The raw material Brazilian and Portuguese and the final product, both in Portugal and Brazil, were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, dilatometric analysis, thermal analysis and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The specimens prepared at the University of Aveiro (DECV) were sintered at 10000C and 12000C and the specimens prepared in UFRN were sintered at 10000C, 10500C, 11000C, 11500C, 12000C, 12500C and 13000C, but the best results and demonstrating the presence of the mineral mullite were at temperatures of 12000C, 12500C and 13000C. The results showed that the granite waste used may be considered raw material of excellent quality for use in the ceramic industry and coating floors and more accurately by the industry of stoneware. Physical and mechanical tests conducted on samples of the formulations F01 and F02 developed in UFRN showed a water absorption and mechanical strength suitable for the stoneware / No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, as jazidas mais expressivas na produ??o de minerais de pegmatito e granito est?o na regi?o do Serid?. Os munic?pios de Parelhas e Equador s?o os principais respons?veis pela produ??o de feldspato, quartzo caulim e granito. As ind?strias cer?micas est?o sempre em busca de competitividade, investindo em novos produtos e/ou aprimorando as t?cnicas existentes. O gr?s porcelanato ? um tipo de cer?mica que se destaca no mercado, pois apresenta caracter?sticas t?cnicas e est?ticas superiores a de outros produtos existentes. As caracter?sticas das mat?rias-primas obtidas inicialmente com a an?lise qu?mica e a an?lise mineral?gica s?o decisivas para que se obtenha um produto com as condi??es que satisfa?a a um processo de fabrica??o estando, a princ?pio, diretamente relacionados com o ciclo de queima. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de novas formula??es de massas cer?micas para a produ??o de gr?s porcelanato. As mat?rias-primas caracterizadas inicialmente foram o feldspato, o quartzo, o caulim e o granito. Como parte da pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade de Aveiro, em Portugal, foram usadas duas argilas empregadas na produ??o de cer?micas portuguesas. A mat?ria-prima brasileira e portuguesa e o produto final, tanto em Portugal como no Brasil, foram submetidos ?s an?lises de fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, difra??o de raios-X, an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise dilatom?trica, an?lises t?rmicas e an?lises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os corpos de prova preparados na Universidade de Aveiro (DECV) foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C e 1200 ?C e os corpos de prova preparados na UFRN foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C, 1050 ?C, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C, por?m os melhores resultados obtidos e que evidenciaram a presen?a do mineral mulita foram nas temperaturas de 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C. Os resultados mostraram que o res?duo de granito usado pode ser considerado mat?ria-prima de excelente qualidade para uso na ind?stria cer?mica de pisos e revestimento e mais exatamente pela ind?stria de gr?s porcelanato. Os ensaios f?sicos e mec?nicos realizados nos corpos de prova das formula??es 01 e 02 desenvolvidas na UFRN apresentaram uma absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia mec?nica pr?prias para o gr?s

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoJVD_TESE.pdf: 12520494 bytes, checksum: 33cb961e885b2677da82d2f828a92417 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / To produce porcelain tiles fluxing agents are used in order to obtain a liquid phase during firing. This liquid phase fills the pores decreasing porosity, water absorption and contributes to material densification. In the porcelain tiles industry, feldspar is the main flux material used, with quantities ranging between 35 and 50%. Studies focus on the discovery of materials with flux characteristics that can reduce the consumption of feldspar by porcelain tiles industry. In this context, the coffee husk ashes, a residue obtained when coffee husks are burned to produce heat for the dryers during the processing of the green fruit, have as main chemical constituents potassium, calcium and magnesium, giving them characteristics of fluxing material. Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and is responsible for over 30% of the world s production. In this work a physical treatment of coffee husk ash was carried out in order to eliminate the organic matter and, after this, two by-products were obtained: residual wastes R1 and R2. Both residues were added separately as single fluxes and also in association with feldspar in mixtures with raw materials collected in a porcelain industry located in Dias d ?vila-Ba. The addition of these residues aimed to contribute to the reduction of the consumption of feldspar in the production of porcelain tiles. Specimens were produced with dimensions of 60 mm x 20 mm x 6 mm in an uniaxial die with compacting pressure of 45 MPa. The samples were heated to a temperature of 1200 ?C, for 8 minutes. Tests were performed to characterize the raw materials by XRF, XRD, particle size analysis, DTA and TGA and, additionally, the results of the physical properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, density, dilatometry, flexural strength and SEM of sintered body were analyzed. Additions of less than 8% of the residue R1 contributed to the decrease of porosity, but the mechanical strength of the samples was not satisfactory. Additions of 5% the R2 residue contributed significantly to decrease the water absorption and apparent porosity, and also to increase the mechanical strength. Samples with addition of feldspar associated with the R2 residue, in proportions of 6.7% of R2 and 6.7% of feldspar, led to results of water absorption of 0.12% and mechanical strength of 46 MPa, having parameters normalized to the manufacture of porcelain stoneware tiles / Na fabrica??o de porcelanatos s?o utilizados fundentes com a finalidade de obter fase l?quida durante a queima que, por sua vez, preenche os poros diminuindo a porosidade, a absor??o de ?gua, e contribui para a densifica??o do material. Na ind?stria de porcelanatos o feldspato ? o principal material fundente utilizado, com percentuais que variam entre 35 e 50% em massa. Pesquisas s?o direcionadas para a descoberta de materiais com caracter?sticas fundentes que possam diminuir o consumo de feldspato. Nesse contexto, a cinza da casca de caf?, res?duo obtido quando cascas de caf? s?o queimadas a fim de produzir calor para os secadores mec?nicos durante o beneficiamento do fruto, possuem como principais elementos o pot?ssio, c?lcio e magn?sio, conferindo-lhe caracter?sticas de material fundente. O Brasil ? o maior produtor de caf? do mundo, respons?vel por mais de 30% da produ??o mundial. Nesse trabalho, foi realizado um tratamento f?sico na cinza de caf? com a finalidade de eliminar parte do material carbonizado e, ap?s este, foram obtidos dois subprodutos: res?duo R1 e res?duo R2. Ambos os res?duos foram adicionados, separadamente, como ?nicos fundentes, e tamb?m associados ao feldspato, em massas com mat?rias primas coletadas em uma f?brica de porcelanatos localizada no munic?pio de Dias d ?vila-Ba. A adi??o desses res?duos teve o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade de reduzir o consumo de feldspato na produ??o de porcelanatos. Foram confeccionados corpos de prova com dimens?es de 60 mm x 20 mm x 6 mm em matriz uniaxial, com press?o de compacta??o de 45 MPa. Os corpos de prova foram sinterizados na temperatura de 1200 ?C com patamar de 8 minutos. Foram realizados ensaios para caracteriza??o das mat?riasprimas por FRX, DRX, AG, ATD e ATG, e analisados os resultados das propriedades f?sicas de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear, MEA, an?lise dilatom?trica, resist?ncia ? flex?o e MEV do corpo sinterizado. A adi??o de at? 8% do res?duo R1 contribuiu para a diminui??o da porosidade aparente, por?m a resist?ncia mec?nica das amostras n?o foi satisfat?ria. A adi??o de 5% de res?duo R2 contribuiu significativamente para diminuir absor??o de ?gua e porosidade aparente, e tamb?m, para o aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. As amostras com adi??o do res?duo R2 associado ao feldspato, nas propor??es de 6,7% de R2 e 6,7% de feldspato, obtiveram resultados de absor??o de ?gua de 0,12% e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o de 46 MPa, atendendo aos par?metros normalizados para fabrica??o de porcelanatos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioLVNM.pdf: 5750272 bytes, checksum: b9659e465f3e2145cd82ea67e7bd6083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, industries from all sectors have great concerns over the disposition of the residues generated along the productive process. This is not different in the mineral sector, as this generates great volumes of residues. It was verified that the kaolin improvement industry generates great volumes of residue basically constituted of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz, which are basic constitution elements to formularisations of ceramics masses to the production of covering of stoneware tiles type. This happens because the methodology applied to the improvement process is still very rudimentary, what causes a very low yield, only ? from all the material volume that enters the improvement process, in the end, is marketable. The disposal of this residue, in a general way, causes a very big negative environmental impact, what has justified the researches efforts aiming to find a rational solution to this problem. In this way, the intention of this present work is the utilization of this residue in the manufacture of products to high quality ceramics covering, stoneware tiles in an industrial scale. For this purpose, the influence of the addition of the residue to a standard ceramics mass used by a ceramics sector company, already established in the market, with the intention of verifying the possibility of use of this residue as the mass complementary raw material and even the possible partial or total substitution of one of the components of the mass for the raw material in evidence will be studied. To the accomplishment of this work, the kaolin improvement residue generated by an industry of exploitation and improvement of kaolin, located in the region of Equador-RN, in the levels 1,2,4,8, 16 and 32% will be added to the standard mass already used for the production of stoneware tiles. The raw materials used, kaolin residue and the standard mass, were characterized through DRX, FRX, DTA, TGA and dilatometry. After the sintering of the bodies of test, tests of water absorption, apparent porosity, post burning linear retraction, apparent specific mass and flexural strength (3 point bending) were realized to determinate the technological properties of these materials. The results show the studied residue can be considered raw material of great potential to the industry of floor and ceramics covering of the stoneware tiles type / Atualmente, h? uma grande preocupa??o por parte das ind?strias, de todos os setores, com a disposi??o dos res?duos gerados ao longo do processo produtivo. No setor mineral n?o ? diferente, pois este gera grandes volumes de res?duos. Verificou-se que a ind?stria de beneficiamento do caulim gera grandes volumes de res?duo constitu?do basicamente de caulinita, mica muscovita e quartzo, que s?o constituintes b?sicos para formula??es das massas cer?micas para produ??o de revestimento tipo porcelanato, isso se d? porque a metodologia aplicada no processo de beneficiamento ainda ? muito rudimentar o que ocasiona um rendimento muito baixo, apenas 1/4 de todo o volume de material que entra do processo de beneficiamento, ao final, ? produto comercializ?vel. O descarte desse res?duo, de um modo geral, ocasiona um impacto ambiental negativo muito grande, o que tem justificado os esfor?os de pesquisas visando encontrar uma solu??o racional para este problema. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a utiliza??o desse res?duo na fabrica??o de produtos para revestimento cer?mico de alta qualidade, gr?s e/ou porcelanato, em escala industrial. Para isso ser? estudada a influ?ncia do acr?scimo do mesmo a uma massa cer?mica padr?o utilizada por uma empresa do setor cer?mico, j? consolidada no mercado, com a inten??o de verificar a possibilidade de uso desse res?duo como mat?ria-prima completar desta massa em quest?o. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho ser? adicionado o res?duo do beneficiamento do caulim gerado por uma ind?stria de explora??o e beneficiamento de caulim, localizada na regi?o de Equador-RN, nos teores de 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32% na massa padr?o j? utilizada para produ??o de porcelanato. As mat?rias-primas utilizadas, res?duo de caulim e a massa padr?o, foram caracterizadas atrav?s de DRX, FRX, DTA, ATG e dilatometria. Ap?s sinteriza??o dos corpos-de-prova foram realizados ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear ap?s queima, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o tr?s pontos para determina??o das propriedades tecnol?gicas destes materiais. Os resultados mostram que o res?duo estudado pode ser considerado como mat?ria-prima de grande potencial para a ind?stria de pisos e revestimentos cer?micos do tipo porcelanato. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se a possibilidade de utiliza??o do res?duo de caulim em um percentual de at? 16% de adi??o a massa padr?o, MP16. Essa formula??o apresentou resultados compat?veis com os exigidos pela norma em vigor, NBR 13818/1997 Placas cer?micas para revestimento especifica??o e m?todos de ensaios, al?m de diminuir o custo da massa e o custo com energia durante o ciclo de queima. Observou-se que o valor do m?dulo de ruptura a flex?o em tr?s pontos encontrado na temperatura 1210 ?C (55,4 MPa) ? inferior ao obtido quando se sinteriza a mesma formula??o MP16 a 1230 ?C (61,3 MPa). Por?m, o exigido pela norma em vigor s?o 35 MPa, que est? muito abaixo do menor valor. Para os outros ensaios, os valores obtidos para esta formula??o sinterizada a 1210 ?C s?o sempre melhores que os resultados a 1230 ?C

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielJHC_TESE.pdf: 5059546 bytes, checksum: d026fcca3b608eb8f8318d620f8e0f29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / In this work, it is proposed the study of the effect of barium oxide acting as synthetic flow in the behavior of masses for stoneware from the use of raw materials found in the deposits of minerals of the Rio Grande do Norte that it makes use of a great natural potential for the industrialization of the product. The porcelanato is a sophisticated product with excellent final properties being applied as ceramic coating in buildings of high standard of engineering. The raw materials selected for the development of the study had been two types of argilas, two types of feldspatos, dolomita, talco, barium carbonate and silica, being characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, dilatometric analysis and thermal analysis. Thus, it is intended to define four formulations using the cited raw materials that will be processed, conformed and sintered in the temperatures of 1150 ?C, 1175 ?C, 1200 ?C, 1225 ?C e 1250 ?C. From the physical characterizations, chemical and morphologic of the formed formulations, the effect of barium oxide is determined in the physical and mechanical properties of the studied system carrying water absorption tests, linear retraction, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, compacting curve, flexural strength and microstructural analysis by XRD and SEM. After analyzing the results, indicated that barium oxide acts as a flux of high temperature and as the ordering of structure, where the embedded glass phase has the nucleating effect phase potassium silico-aluminum reacting with free silica which together with the high content of potassium concentrated form a new crystalline phase called microcline. The masses studied with the addition of barium oxide present physical-mechanical properties highly satisfactory in reduced firing temperatures, which implies a saving in energy given off in the production and increased productivity / Neste trabalho, prop?e-se o estudo do efeito do ?xido de b?rio atuando como fluxo sint?tico no comportamento de massas para porcelanato a partir da utiliza??o de mat?rias-primas encontradas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte que disp?e de um grande potencial natural para industrializa??o do produto. O porcelanato ? um produto com excelentes propriedades finais, sendo aplicado como revestimento cer?mico em diversos empreendimentos da constru??o civil. As mat?rias-primas selecionadas para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram dois tipos de argilas, dois tipos de feldspatos, dolomita, talco, carbonato de b?rio e s?lica, sendo caracterizadas por an?lises de fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X, an?lise granulom?trica e an?lises t?rmicas. Assim sendo, procede-se o processamento, conforma??o e sinteriza??o de quatro formula??es utilizando as mat?rias-primas citadas nas temperaturas de 1150 ?C, 1175 ?C, 1200 ?C, 1225 ?C e 1250 ?C. A partir das caracteriza??es f?sicas, qu?micas e morfol?gicas das formula??es, determina-se o efeito do ?xido de b?rio nas propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas do sistema estudado realizando ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, curva de compacta??o, tens?o de ruptura a flex?o, difra??o de raios X e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura com a microan?lise por EDS. Ap?s a an?lise dos resultados, verifica-se que o ?xido de b?rio atua como fundente de alta temperatura e como ordenador de estrutura, onde incorporado ? fase v?trea, possui efeito nucleante da fase sil?cio-alum?nio-pot?ssio reagindo com a s?lica livre que juntamente com o alto teor de pot?ssio concentrado forma uma nova fase cristalina denominada microcl?nio. As massas estudadas com o acr?scimo do ?xido de b?rio apresentam propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas extremamente satisfat?rias em temperaturas de queima reduzidas, o que implica em uma economia na energia desprendida para a produ??o e aumento de produtividade / 2020-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeFB.pdf: 2466045 bytes, checksum: 390a8dfd299d465779890586b1bd5be1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The State Bahia, Brazil, presents different geological sites it with a very expressive variety minerals. It is situated among the very important States which produces minerals for industries, such as pointed aggregate, ornamentals stones and ceramics raw materials. Nowadays only four companies producting ceramics tiles. Porcelainized stoneware tiles is one of the noblest ceramics, depicting low water absorption (typically below of 0,5%), in addition to excellent staining resistance and mechanical strength. The present work aims at investigating the potential of local raw materials for the production of porcelainized stoneware tiles. For this purpose, these materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, thermal differential analysis and dilatometric analysis. Admixtures containing different compositions were prepared and fired at four temperatures, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C and 1250 ?C with isotherm for 60 minute and heathing rate of 5 oC/min. After firing the samples, they were characterized by water absorption tests, linear retraction, analysis, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, flexural strength, and microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy . The results revealed three ceramics with porcelainized stoneware tiles characteristics and porcelain tile will be produce from raw materials originated in the State of Bahia / O Estado da Bahia apresenta uma diversidade de terrenos geol?gicos que encerra uma expressiva dota??o mineral e est? situado entre os mais importantes Estados produtores de minerais industriais, ressaltando-se agregados, rochas ornamentais e mat?rias-primas cer?micas. Atualmente somente quatro empresas produzem placas cer?micas. O gr?s porcelanato ? uma das mais nobres cer?micas de revestimento devido a sua baixa absor??o d ?gua (tipicamente abaixo de 0,5%), al?m de apresentar excelentes caracter?sticas t?cnicas, destacando-se pelas elevadas resist?ncias mec?nica, ao risco e ao manchamento. O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de avaliar o potencial das mat?rias-primas, feldspato, argila e caulim, utilizado na produ??o de gr?s porcelanato no estado da Bahia. Para isso, foi feita a caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), difra??o de raios X (DRX), an?lise granulom?trica (AG), an?lise t?rmica gravim?trica (TG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA) e an?lise dilatom?trica, elaborando-se sete formula??es que foram queimadas nas temperaturas: 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C e 1250 ?C, com isoterma de 60 minutos e taxa de aquecimento de 5 oC/ min. Ap?s a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, an?lise dilatom?trica, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o, difra??o de raios X e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Em tr?s formula??es foram obtidas, propriedades compat?veis com as exigidas para a produ??o do gr?s porcelanato com mat?rias-primas oriundas do Estado da Bahia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoJVD_DISSERT.pdf: 2741868 bytes, checksum: 97ddceb816029ff94f808bc361679f56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Brazil is the world s leading coffee producer. In 2008, 45.99 million of 60 kg bags of benefited coffee were produced. In the process of improvement 50% is grain and 50% is husk, thus, 1.38 million tons of coffee husk are produced annually. The husk is used as combustible in the drying and improvement ovens in the coffee farms, generating ash as residue. These ashes contain a high concentration of alkaline metals and earth metals, mainly K2O and CaO. This work studies the use of this residue in the ceramic tiles industry, as fluxing agents in substitution to the feldspar. Ten mixtures with equal ratios of clay and kaolin, proceeding from Bahia and the residue (varying from 30 to 5%) were defined and produced in uniaxial tool die of 60x20mm with approximately 5 mm of thickness and 45MPa compacting pressure. The samples were fired in four different temperatures: 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1185 ?C and 1200 ?C during 60 minutes and characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, gravimetric thermal analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, XRD, dilatometry, flexural strength and SEM were also analysed. The test specimen with addition of 10% of ash fired in 1200 ?C resulted in 0.18% water absorption and 40.77 MPa flexural strength, being classified as porcelain stoneware tiles according to ABNT, UNI and ISO norms / O Brasil ? o maior produtor mundial de caf?. Em 2008 foram produzidas 45,99 milh?es de sacas, de 60 Kg, de caf? beneficiado. No processo de beneficiamento 50% ? gr?o e 50% ? casca. Assim, 1,38 milh?es de toneladas de cascas de caf? s?o produzidas anualmente. A casca ? utilizada como combust?vel nos fornos de secagem e beneficiamento nas fazendas de caf?, gerando uma cinza como res?duo. As cinzas da casca de caf? apresentam altas concentra??es de metais alcalinos e alcalinos-terrosos, principalmente K2O e CaO. Este trabalho estuda a utiliza??o deste res?duo na ind?stria de placas cer?micas para revestimentos, como fundente, em substitui??o ao feldspato. Foram definidas 10 formula??es com iguais propor??es de argila e caulim provenientes da Bahia, e o res?duo (variando de 30 a 5%), e confeccionados corpos-de-prova em matriz uniaxial de 60x20mm com aproximadamente 5 mm de espessura, com press?o de compacta??o de 45Mpa. As amostras foram sinterizadas em quatros patamares de temperatura, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1185 ?C e 1200 ?C durante 60 minutos. Foram realizados ensaios para caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, difra??o de raios-X, AG, ATD e ATG e analisados os resultados de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear, DRX, an?lise dilatom?trica, resist?ncia ? flex?o e MEV. Os corpos de prova com adi??o de 10% da cinza e sinterizados a 1200 ?C obtiveram resultados de absor??o de ?gua de 0,18% e resist?ncia ? flex?o de 40,77 MPa, o que segundo as normas ABNT, UNI e ISO podem ser classificados como gr?s porcelanato