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noneHan, Yueh-Chen 30 January 2008 (has links)
¡@Since the Soviet Union launched its first satellite in 1957, the progress in space technology has drastically changed mankind's modus vivendi. As when nations grew more and more dependant upon the benefits brought about by the satellite technologies, space, however, became a new strategic realm where nations sought to master; consequently, contentions for national interests over this terra incognita between major global powers have evolved into a significant international security issue. Hence, as the previous military doctrines¡Xsuch as eighteenth century land power doctrine, nineteenth century sea power doctrine, and air power doctrine of the twentieth century¡Xserving as precedents, the emerging space power doctrine will undoubtedly dominate the twenty-first century global power contenders' primary national interests as well as security concerns.
¡@Over the course of the past half century, the People's Republic of China has endeavored the developments of it indigenous space technologies, and successfully positioned itself to be the third nation to have ever launched a manned space program; this manifestation also demonstrated the growing maturity and sophistication of People's Republic's space technologies. Currently, in line with America's as well as Russia's ever-expanding budget dedicated to their respective space goals, China has thus far demonstrated its political will of not falling behind the trend. Aside from the military objectives attached to the developments of China's space programs, the socio-political gains accrued to Beijing as a result of its space programs' current and future success will ensure the Communist Party's long lasting goal of glorifying the Chinese civilization as well as elevating nation's international prestige.
¡@This present treatise inquires into firstly, the surrounding circumstances and strategic environments within which China's determination for developing its indigenous space program was fermented; secondly, the crucial role play of leaderships in Beijing in formulating the successful development of the nation's space programs. Furthermore, this paper will present an in-depth analysis of the critical elements that were imperative in China's quest to achieve its space objectives, the history behind the program, as well as its present day capabilities and geo-political implications. In sum, the research findings will demonstrate the growing and ever more significant role the space technologies are playing within the conclave of the modern day Chinese strategic making apparatus.
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Hållbara förpackningar för kosmetikprodukter – En studie om produktdesign och ekologisk hållbar utvecklingYassine, Lamis January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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[en] STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES IN BRAZIL / [pt] POSICIONAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DAS DISTRIBUIDORAS DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO BRASILBRENO PIETRACCI 07 May 2007 (has links)
[pt] O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender a dinâmica
competitiva no setor
elétrico brasileiro, especificamente no segmento de
distribuição de energia
elétrica. Buscaremos compreender como as empresas se
posicionaram em seu
ambiente competitivo, por meio da identificação de suas
estratégias genéricas
realizadas, e inferir quais destas estratégias
apresentaram melhor desempenho.
Esta análise foi feita tendo como base a tipologia de
estratégias genéricas de
Michael Porter, formando 5 grupos estratégicos. Para isto,
selecionamos uma
amostra de 45 distribuidoras de energia elétrica, das
quais foram analisados
detalhadamente, utilizando ferramentas de análise
multivariada, o posicionamento
estratégico e o desempenho no período de 2002 a 2004.
Concluímos que a
estratégia genérica de diferenciação é a que apresentou o
melhor desempenho e
confirmamos a hipótese de Porter que as empresas stuck in
the middle apresentam
o pior desempenho. / [en] The aim of this research is to understand the competitive
dynamics on the
Brazilian power sector, focusing on the distribution
segment. We will try to
understand how distribution companies have positioned
themselves on their
competitive environment, by the identification of their
generic strategies and
analyzing which of these strategies yielded a better
performance. This study was
carried out utilizing Michael Porter´s generic strategies
typology, used to form
five strategic groups. Our sample consists of 45 power
distribution companies,
which we thoroughly analyzed their strategic positioning
and perfomance for the
years 2002 to 2004, using multivariate analysis tools. We
have concluded that the
generic strategy of differentiation is the one that
yielded the best performance and
confirmed Porter hypothesis that firms that are stuck in
the middle have the worst
performance.
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Geoestratégias em confronto no Líbano em guerra (1975-90) / Geostrategic confrontation in the war in Lebanon (1975-90)Maalouf, Ramez Philippe 12 September 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar as Guerras do Líbano (1975-90) como resultantes do processo de desintegração do Império Otomano no quadro definido pela aceleração histórica de acordo com Yves Lacoste. Ela evidencia o processo/projeto balcanizador, ou seja, de divisão territorial em base étnica, do Líbano e do Oriente Médio iniciado com o expansionismo europeu a partir do séc. XIX e a continuidade dada a tal processo pelas modernas geoestratégias israelenses, as quais, com suas rupturas, logram imprimir moto próprio à sua operação na Região. Desta forma, traçamos um painel histórico da evolução do Líbano dentro do quadro de tensões geopolíticas regionais e internacionais, como a queda do Império Otomano, a fundação de Israel e os movimentos nacionalistas árabe e judeu, os refugiados palestinos e as crises no Golfo Árabe-Pérsico (as Guerras do Iraque de 1980 e 1991), que se constituíram em fatores de instabilidade para o território libanês. Assim, as Guerras do Líbano (1975-90) permitiram que o território libanês passasse a servir como campo de batalha para as guerras do Oriente Médio, nas quais se insere as invasões israelenses do Líbano, em 1978 e em 1982, com seus intentos balcanizadores. / This study aims to characterize the Lebanon War (1975-90) as a result of the process of disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in the framework defined by historical acceleration according to Yves Lacoste. It shows the process / project balkanizing, i.e., territorial division based on ethnic, Lebanon and the Middle East started with the European expansion from the Nineteenth century and continuity to this process given by modern geo-strategic Israelis, which, with its ruptures, manage to print their own motto accord to its operation in the region. Thus, we draw a historical overview of developments in Lebanon within the framework of regional and international geopolitical tensions, as the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the founding of Israel and the Arab and Jewish nationalist movements, Palestinian refugees and the crisis in the Gulf Arab Persian (Iraq wars of 1980 and 1991) that formed factors of instability for the Lebanese territory. Thus, the Lebanon War (1975-90) allowed the Lebanese territory passed serve as the battleground for wars in the Middle East, which falls in the Israeli invasions of Lebanon in 1978 and 1982, with its attempts balkanizing.
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Geoestratégias em confronto no Líbano em guerra (1975-90) / Geostrategic confrontation in the war in Lebanon (1975-90)Ramez Philippe Maalouf 12 September 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar as Guerras do Líbano (1975-90) como resultantes do processo de desintegração do Império Otomano no quadro definido pela aceleração histórica de acordo com Yves Lacoste. Ela evidencia o processo/projeto balcanizador, ou seja, de divisão territorial em base étnica, do Líbano e do Oriente Médio iniciado com o expansionismo europeu a partir do séc. XIX e a continuidade dada a tal processo pelas modernas geoestratégias israelenses, as quais, com suas rupturas, logram imprimir moto próprio à sua operação na Região. Desta forma, traçamos um painel histórico da evolução do Líbano dentro do quadro de tensões geopolíticas regionais e internacionais, como a queda do Império Otomano, a fundação de Israel e os movimentos nacionalistas árabe e judeu, os refugiados palestinos e as crises no Golfo Árabe-Pérsico (as Guerras do Iraque de 1980 e 1991), que se constituíram em fatores de instabilidade para o território libanês. Assim, as Guerras do Líbano (1975-90) permitiram que o território libanês passasse a servir como campo de batalha para as guerras do Oriente Médio, nas quais se insere as invasões israelenses do Líbano, em 1978 e em 1982, com seus intentos balcanizadores. / This study aims to characterize the Lebanon War (1975-90) as a result of the process of disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in the framework defined by historical acceleration according to Yves Lacoste. It shows the process / project balkanizing, i.e., territorial division based on ethnic, Lebanon and the Middle East started with the European expansion from the Nineteenth century and continuity to this process given by modern geo-strategic Israelis, which, with its ruptures, manage to print their own motto accord to its operation in the region. Thus, we draw a historical overview of developments in Lebanon within the framework of regional and international geopolitical tensions, as the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the founding of Israel and the Arab and Jewish nationalist movements, Palestinian refugees and the crisis in the Gulf Arab Persian (Iraq wars of 1980 and 1991) that formed factors of instability for the Lebanese territory. Thus, the Lebanon War (1975-90) allowed the Lebanese territory passed serve as the battleground for wars in the Middle East, which falls in the Israeli invasions of Lebanon in 1978 and 1982, with its attempts balkanizing.
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TILLSAMMANS MED ANDRA : Ett vägval inom svensk säkerhetspolitik / In collaboration with others : A direction of Swedish security policyFors, Thomas, Myhrberg, Martin January 2019 (has links)
Militära samarbeten är stora säkerhetspolitiska frågor som kräver väl avvägda beslut.Uttrycket tillsammans med andra har genomsyrat svensk säkerhetspolitik de senaste tio åren. Säkerhetspolitiken är komplex och valet av partner inom försvarssamarbeten behöver studeras, förstås och förklaras. I denna uppsats studeras militära samarbeten genom hur uttrycket tillsammans med andra används politiskt och militärt. Syftet med studien är att söka förklaringar på de militära samarbeten som Sverige genomför. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ jämförande fallstudie av två utvalda fall. Studien visar att integrationsteoretiska förklaringsmodeller kan användas för att förklaramilitära samarbeten. I analysen har ett fall av militärt samarbete med Finland studerats jämte ett fall av militärt samarbete med Nederländerna. Samarbetet med Finland kan till huvuddel förklaras med mellanstatlig integrationsteori och samarbetet med Nederländerna förklaras till huvuddel med neofunktionalism. Slutsatserna kopplas också samman med de säkerhetsstrategiska begreppen vilket skapar djupare förståelse för den komplexa och dynamiska process som leder fram till ett militärt samarbete. Svenska säkerhetsstrategiska mål påverkade av vår omgivande strategiska miljö styr metod och medel på ett sätt som tillsammans med integrationsteorier förklarar valet av samarbetspartner inom säkerhetspolitiken. / Military collaborations with other countries are considerable security policy matters which require well balanced decisions. The expression in collaboration with others has permeated Swedish security policy through the last decade. Security policy are complex and the choice of a partner in military collaborations needs to be studied, understood and explained. In this composition military collaborations are studied through how the expression in collaboration with others is used both in a military and in a political context. The purpose is to explain the military collaborations that Sweden carries out. This is done with a qualitative comparing case study with two selected cases. The study shows that theories of integration can be used to explain military collaborations. In the analysis one case of collaboration with Finland has been studied beside one case of collaboration with the Netherlands. The collaboration with Finland is mainly explained with intergovernmentalism and the collaboration with the Netherlands is mainly explained with neofunctionalism. The conclusions are also connected to strategic terms which creates a profound understanding for the complex and dynamic process that leads into a military collaboration. Sweden's strategic objectives influenced by our surrounding strategic context directs the methods and means in a way that together with theories of integration explains the chosen partner in security policy.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIC POSITIONING IN THE BRAZILIAN BANKING INDUSTRY BASED ON PORTER´S TYPOLOGY / [pt] ANÁLISE DO POSICIONAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NA INDÚSTRIA BANCÁRIA BRASILEIRA À LUZ DA TIPOLOGIA DE PORTERLEONARDO MOUTINHO DE ANDRADE BOTELHO 22 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o posicionamento
estratégico das
instituições atuando no setor financeiro brasileiro,
particularmente no segmento
bancário, no ano de 2006 e identificar sua relação com o
desempenho. Para isso,
foi utilizada a tipologia de estratégias genéricas
propostas por Michael Porter
(1980, 1985). Foram selecionadas variáveis de cunho
financeiro e operacional dos
50 maiores bancos brasileiros em atividade em 2006
(responsáveis por 85% dos
ativos totais da indústria nesse ano) para a construção do
modelo estatístico que
envolve análise de clusters e análise multivariada. Foi
possível concluir que a
estratégia genérica de Enfoque em Custo apresentou o
melhor desempenho neste
ano. Ao contrário do esperado pela teoria, os bancos Stuck
in the Middle não
apresentaram o pior, mas o segundo pior resultado. A pior
estratégia genérica em
termos de desempenho foi a de Liderança em Custo Total. / [en] The main goal of this research was to evaluate the
strategic positioning of
the institutions operating in the brazilian financial
sector, specially in the banking
segment, in the year of 2006 and identify how it relates
with the performance. To
achieve this objective it was used the typology of generic
strategies proposed by
Michael Porter (1980, 1985). It was used financial and
operating variables for
the 50 major brazilian banks in activity in 2006
(responsible for 85% of the assets
in the industry in that year) to construct the statistical
model based on cluster
analysis and multivariate analysis. It was possible to
conclude that the generic
strategy of Focusing on Low Cost had the best performance
in that year. In
contrast what was expected by the theory, the banks Stuck
in the Middle didn`t
have the worst, but the second worse performance. The
worst generic strategy in
terms of performance was the Low Cost strategy.
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[en] COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES AND BUSINESS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IMPACT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY / [pt] ESTRATÉGIAS COMPETITIVAS E O IMPACTO NO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO DAS EMPRESAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA INDÚSTRIA DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕESEDUARDO SANTINI DE LUCENA 22 September 2011 (has links)
[pt] Esse estudo objetiva pesquisar, identificar e analisar como as estratégias
competitivas afetam o desempenho das empresas na indústria de prestação de
serviços de telecomunicações. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma revisão
bibliográfica do arcabouço teórico que embasa a pesquisa para identificação das
variáveis estratégicas, de desempenho e ambientais, além de modelos e tipologias.
Para uma amostra de 30 empresas listadas na bolsa de valores de Nova York,
foram coletados dados nos documentos contábeis publicados pelas empresas,
complementados por survey no período de cinco anos compreendido entre 2004 e
2009. Tais dados foram analisados por meio de estatística multivariada,
possibilitando a identificação e composição de grupos estratégicos (clusters). Em
seguida, foi verificada a aderência dos clusters à tipologia estratégica escolhida e
examinadas as diferenças de desempenho entre os diversos clusters, destacando-se
o estudo das relações entre posicionamentos estratégicos e desempenhos. Os
resultados da análise indicam aderência à tipologia exercitada, comprovando
empiricamente os pressupostos iniciais da pesquisa. / [en] This study aims to investigate, identify and analyze how the competitive
strategies affect companies’ performances in the telecommunications services
providers industry. We first performed a revision of the theoretical framework that
underpins the research to identify the strategic variables, environmental
performances and models and typologies. For a sample set containing 30
companies listed on New York Stock Exchange, data were collected in accounting
documents published by companies and supplemented by survey, considering five
years between 2004 and 2009. These data were analyzed using multivariate
statistics which allowed the identification and composition of the strategic groups
(clusters). Next, we checked the adherence among the strategic typology and
clusters chosen and examined the performance differences between the various
clusters, emphasizing the study of the relationship between strategic positioning
and performance. The test results suggested an alignment between the used
typology and statistical results confirming the initial assumptions of the empirical
research.
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[pt] ESTRATÉGIA COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE DE DESEMPENHO NA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA BRASILEIRA / [en] STRATEGY AS KEY PERFORMANCE FACTOR IN BRAZILIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYBRUNO CASTELLO MEMORIA 24 September 2015 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo observar a possível relação teórica entre grupos estratégicos da indústria automobilística brasileira e o desempenho das empresas pertencentes a estes grupos estratégicos. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram analisadas 30 montadoras de automóveis, identificando os grupos estratégicos formados, utilizando a tipologia de Michael Porter como base. Após a identificação das estratégias competitivas foi realizada análises sobre o desempenho dos grupos, observando como os grupos estratégicos se apresentam dentro desta indústria. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (Z-score, Shapiro-Wilks, análise fatorial, K-means clusters, ANOVA e MANOVA), permitindo análises mais consistentes sobre o coalinhamento estratégico das empresas da indústria em questão. Como resultados, foram encontrados cinco grupos estratégicos, com diferenças significantes entre os seus desempenhos médios para algumas variáveis dependentes, especialmente para a variável Satisfação dos clientes. Esta diferença entre o desempenho médio dos grupos estratégicos indica a importância do estudo das estratégias competitivas das empresas de determinada indústria, sugerindo possível relação teórica entre a estratégia e o desempenho. / [en] This study aims to evaluate the possible theoretical relationship between strategic groups of the Brazilian automobile industry and the performance of companies belonging to these strategic groups. To achieve this goal, were analyzed 30 car assemblers companies, identifying strategic groups, using Michael Porter s typology as a base. After the identification of competitive strategies, analysis was conducted on the performance of the groups, observing how the strategic groups present within this industry. Data were statistically analyzed (Z-score, Shapiro-Wilks, factor analysis, K-means clustering, ANOVA and MANOVA), allowing more consistent analyzes of the strategic co-alignment of industry companies concerned. As a result, five strategic groups were found, with significant differences between their average performances for some dependent variables, highlighting the Consumer Satisfaction variable. This difference between the average performances of strategic groups indicates the importance of studying the competitive strategies of the particular industry companies, suggesting a possible theoretical relationship between strategy and performance.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF THE VETERINARY INDUSTRY IN RIO DE JANEIRO: CHALLENGES AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES / [pt] ANÁLISE DO SETOR VETERINÁRIO NO RIO DE JANEIRO: DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS COMPETITIVASANA CLARA BARROS DE CASTRO 16 November 2016 (has links)
[pt] O mercado Pet respondeu em 2015 por um faturamento superior a 100 bilhões de dólares no mundo, sendo o Brasil responsável pelo terceiro maior valor – 18 bilhões de reais, ou um crescimento de 7,6 porcento em relação a 2014. O segmento veterinário, responsável por 8 porcento deste faturamento, teve um aumento considerável nos últimos anos, passando por um processo de profissionalização do setor. Onde antes havia pequenos consultórios familiares, hoje as clínicas e hospitais estão crescendo, se especializando e tornando-se empresas genéricas. Diante deste cenário, e frente a clientes cada vez mais exigentes e bem informados, vem aumentando o esforço dos gestores desses negócios para tornar suas empresas eficientes e lucrativas. Este trabalho visa identificar as principais forças atuantes no mercado dos estabelecimentos veterinários e avaliar as estratégias genéricas adotadas pelas empresas para terem sucesso neste cenário, de acordo com a metodologia de Michael Porter. Assim, foram entrevistados gestores de sete clínicas veterinárias localizadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostram que os investimentos em inovação, infraestrutura e mão de obra especializada esbarram em entraves do setor, como dificuldade da legalização da mão de obra, pouco conhecimento de gestão por parte dos recém-formados e burocracia complexa, seja municipal, de vigilância sanitária ou determinada pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária. Embora os entrevistados relatem que o setor carece de estratégia de forma geral, suas empresas tem obtido sucesso através da aplicação de uma estratégia com escopo estreito e diferenciação. / [en] The Pet market accounted in 2015 for a turnover of more than 100 billion dollars in the world, with Brazil accounting for the third largest value - 18 billion Reais, or 7.6 percent growth compared to 2014. The veterinarian segment, responsible for 8 percent of these revenues, has increased considerably in recent years, through an industry professionalization process. Where once there were small family practices, clinics and hospitals, today they are growing, specializing and becoming increasingly competitive. In this scenario, and facing customers increasingly more demanding and well informed, managers have been making efforts to transform their businesses in more efficient and profitable firms. This work aims to identify the main forces acting on veterinary establishments market and evaluate the competitive strategies adopted by these companies to be successful in this scenario, according to the methodology of Michael Porter. Therefore seven managers of veterinary clinics in the state of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. The results show that investments in innovation, infrastructure and skilled labor stumbles in industry barriers such as the difficulty of labor legalization, scarce management skills by the newly formed and complex bureaucracy, whether municipal, health surveillance or determined by the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. Although respondents report that the sector lacks a general strategy, there businesses have been successful by applying a strategy with narrow scope and differentiation.
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