Knowledge of disease epidemiology and the impact of plant nutrient status on development of disease is fundamental in establishing effective management strategies for crop pathogens such as Podosphaera aphanis Br. (Braun et al., 2002), the causal agent of powdery mildew on strawberries. The following study investigated the conditions conducive for powdery mildew in strawberry crops in South Australia, the effect of foliar concentration of potassium and calcium on yield and pathogen development on the strawberry cultivars Aromas (resistant to powdery mildew) and Selva (susceptible), the potential for use of foliar-applied potassium silicate to control disease and identification of genes differentially expressed during disease. Meteorological conditions associated with establishment of powdery mildew were observed over three consecutive seasons in commercial strawberry crops grown in Woodside, South Australia. Conducive conditions appear to be >28 oC, <55 % relative humidity (RH) with no rain during the day (for conidiation), followed by a night with >10 oC, >90 % RH and no rain (for germination). Colony development was then promoted by days of >15 oC and <70 % RH, with nights of >8 oC, >80 % RH and less than 2 mm rain in every 24 hour period. These are consistent with epidemiological studies of this pathogen (Peries, 1962a; Jhooty and McKeen, 1964; Mukerji, 1968; Perera and Wheeler, 1975; Byrne et al, 2000; Miller et al, 2003; Blanco et al, 2004; Davik and Honne, 2005; Amsalem et al, 2006). This knowledge may facilitate prediction of times considered high risk for establishment of powdery mildew in strawberry crops. Subsequently, this may allow optimisation of fungicide application and improved management of this disease and reduced yield loss and management expenses. P. aphanis developed at an increased rate on leaves of Selva with low calcium content compared with development on normally fertilised leaves. Increased numbers of conidia germinated successfully on leaves of Aromas with low calcium content compared with development on normally fertilised Aromas leaves, however, the germinated conidia still failed to develop into sporulating colonies. Potassium nutrition had no obvious effect on P. aphanis development. Foliar concentration found to be adequate for growth of cultivars, Selva and Aromas were 6.0 mg/g and 4.5 mg/g Calcium, dry weight and 11.0 mg/g and 12.5 mg/g potassium, dry weight (respectively). Potassium silicate, buffered to pH 7.0 and applied as a foliar fertiliser, reduced the severity of powdery mildew below the economic threshold, though not below the disease severity on plants treated with the fungicide, Systhane® (Bayer CropScience). As potassium silicate can be produced organically this compound may provide a useful management tool for both organic and conventional strawberry growers. Although the cultivar Aromas was not immune to disease under conducive conditions and high inoculum load in the field, inoculation of healthy Aromas plants with P. aphanis in the laboratory failed to produce disease. Conidia were seldom found attached to the leaf surface of healthy Aromas leaves. Germination and subsequent colony development were also not observed in inoculated samples. This suggests there is some mechanism of Aromas that inhibits development of this fungus. Preliminary investigation of differential expression in Aromas inoculated with P. aphanis, identified sequences with homology to a putative antimicrobial protein and photosynthesis-related genes. The results of these studies should enable growers to increase both crop yields and control of powdery mildew, one of the major economic diseases in South Australia. The epidemiological knowledge attained will be valuable, and may provide the basis for future forecast modelling for P. aphanis in strawberry crops in South Australia. Recommendations for calcium and potassium leaf content will allow growers to monitor their fertiliser regime for increased yield of these cultivars. Aromas was identified as a powdery mildew resistant cultivar potentially suitable for production in South Australia, and the genes associated with this resistance response may be used in studies of Fragaria species and breeding for powdery mildew resistant cultivars. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297684 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Allen M. Featherstone / The objective of this thesis is to determine if contract farming of fresh strawberries in Oceanside California is financially feasible. This is being considered as an alternative to managing the 185 acre fresh strawberry farm. The farming business is owned by a large fresh fruit marketing firm. As an independent custom grower I would not be subject to the same constraints as the marketing firm. No changes to management structure or product quality would be necessitated by this change. Assumptions for this study are specific to operating requirements for producing winter strawberries in North San Diego County in California. The cultural practices described and inputs used are considered to be usual for a well-managed commercial farm. The cost and returns are based upon actual historical data and representative of similar if not exact cultural practices and material inputs. The conceptual model used to guide the development of this study was taken from a generic feasibility study framework. It served as a controlled process to analyze the situation and determine the financial outcomes. The economic and financial viability analysis includes costs and returns per acre, monthly cash costs, sensitivity analysis, and overall profitability. The method used to assess the dimensions of viability was to weight them by evaluating key characteristics for relative strengths and weaknesses. The recommendation based upon this assessment is that the overall viability of the proposal is more than 80% and therefore merits the development of a comprehensive business plan.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 754554 bytes, checksum: 7981eae274ecf7d46af725d3660fd047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / The homeopathic system is applied in humans, animals, plants, soils and waters. Homeopathic science is based on four fundamental principles: similarity, experimentation, single substance and minimum dose. Homeopathy acts directly on the vitality of organisms, encouraging their self-regulation. The results in plants are positive for resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to inappropriate conditions, flowering, dormancy of seeds, production of healthy seedlings, as well as management of soil and water. The objective of this study was to evaluate seedling response and roots growth of of Fragaria x ananassa and Tropaeolum majus plants after application of high-dilutions (homeopathic preparations) in two growth systems. The first simulating hydroponic system and second in a greenhouse, conducting experiments at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG. The treatments were high-dilutions of Nutritive Solution, Pulsatilla and Arnica montana. The variables evaluated were electrical conductivity (E.C.) of the nutritive solution, and rooting. There was limited influence of high-dilutions in the E.C., and in interaction with the evaluation time. Pulsatilla homeopathic treatment had no effect on the electrical conductivity neither on rooting. Arnica montana homeopathic treatment caused patterns of imbalance (pathogenesis) in rooting of F. ananassa and stimulated roots growth in T. majus. / O sistema homeopático é aplicado aos seres humanos, aos animais, vegetais, solos e nas águas. A ciência homeopática está baseada em quatro princípios fundamentais: semelhança, experimentação em ser sadio, substancia única e dose mínima. A homeopatia atua diretamente na força vital dos organismos, promovendo a autoregulação. Os resultados em plantas são positivos, quanto a resistência a pragas e doenças, tolerância a condições impróprias, florescimento, quebra de dormência de sementes, produção de mudas sadias. São positivos também no manejo do solo e da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento e a resposta de mudas de plantas de Fragaria x ananassa e Tropaeolum majus após tratamento com ultradiluições (preparados homeopáticos), em dois sistemas de crescimento. O primeiro simulando sistema hidropônico e o segundo em casa de vegetação, em experimentos conduzidos em dependências da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG. Os tratamentos foram: ultra diluições de Solução Nutritiva, de Pulsatilla e de Arnica montana. As variáveis avaliadas foram: condutividade elétrica (C.E.) da solução nutritiva, e variáveis de enraizamento. Houve influencia limitada das ultradiluições na C.E, e em interação com o tempo de avaliação. O tratamento homeopático com Pulsatilla não mostrou efeito na condutividade elétrica nem nas variáveis de enraizamento. O tratamento homeopático de Arnica montana provocou sinais de patogenesia nas variáveis de enraizamento em F. ananassa e estimulou a produção de raízes em T. majus.

O método de extração QuEChERS, foi ajustado, validado e utilizado para a determinação de doze agrotóxicos organoclorados em 37 amostras de quinoa provenientes da colheita 2010-2011 de Puno - Peru e 36 amostras de morango provenientes de três varejões da cidade de Piracicaba do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil coletadas durante o período de outubro de 2010 até setembro de 2011, usouse um sistema cromatográfico a gás acoplado a um detector de captura de elétrons &mu;ECD. Por outro lado para a determinação de 36 agrotóxicos nas amostras morango e 42 agrotóxicos em quinoa, o QuEChERS foi ajustado e validado para seu uso com um sistema cromatográfico líquido acoplado a espectrometria de massas LCMS/ MS; para o processo de validação usou-se amostras de quinoa e morango sem resíduos de agrotóxicos, os quais foram usados como branco de matriz. Os métodos mostraram linearidade de r2 >= 0,99; LQs na ordem de 0,001 mg kg-1, foram realizados testes de recuperações considerando os LQs e dez vezes estes, sendo que as recuperações foram entre 70% e 120% na maioria das concentrações. Com o intuito de avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partículas de quinoa no processo de validação do método QuEChERS para a determinação de sete agrotóxicos com uso de CG-&mu;ECD, foram realizados três tipos de moagem usando processador de alimentos e um sistema de moagem criogênico, observou-se uma maior uniformidade das partículas e um incremento do efeito matriz nas amostras tratadas com sistema criogênico. Das 37 amostras de quinoa analisada uma amostra (Cabanillas) proveniente do sistema de produção orgânico (Salcedo INIA) mostrou contaminação por quatro agrotóxicos (OP DDE com 0,015 mg kg-1, PP DDE 0,032 mg kg-1, PP DDD 0,089 mg kg-1 e endosulfan sulfato com 0,034 mg kg-1) e das 36 amostras de morango seis apresentam contaminação por endosulfan sulfato nas concentrações de 0,003 a 0,020 mg kg-1 e uma amostra coletada no dia 15/04/2011 apresentou 0,011 mg kg-1 de procloraz, compostos que não são permitidos para serem usados em morango. Conclui-se que o método QuEChERS usado com o sistema CG-&mu;ECD e LC-MS/MS é uma alternativa viável para a determinação de agrotóxicos em morango e quinoa. / The QuEChERS extraction method has been adjusted, validated and used for determination of twelve organochlorine pesticides on 37 quinoa samples from the harvested 2010-2011 from Puno - Perú and 36 strawberries samples from three markets from Piracicaba city in Sao Paulo State-Brazil collected during the period from October of 2010 to September of 2011, were used a gas chromatographic system coupled to an electron capture detector &mu;ECD. On the other hand, for the determination of 36 pesticides in strawberries samples and 42 quinoa samples, The QuEChERS method was adjusted and validated for use with a liquid chromatographic system coupled to mass spectrometer LC-MS/MS; for the validation process a quinoa and strawberries samples without pesticides residues, which were used as a blank. The methods were linear r2 >= 0.99; LQs in the order of 0.001 mg kg- 1, were carried out recoveries considering the LQs and ten times these, and the recoveries were between 70% and 120% in most of the concentrations. In order to evaluated the effect of the particle size of the quinoa on the validation process of the QuEChERS method for determination of seven pesticides using GC-&mu;ECD, were performed three types of milling using a food processor and cryogenic grinding, there were a greater uniformity of the particles and increase of the matrix effect in the samples treated with cryogenic system. From the 37 quinoa samples analyzed one sample (Cabanillas) coming from organic system production (Salcedo INIA) showed contamination by four pesticides (OP DDE with 0.015 mg kg-1; PP DDE 0.032 mg kg- 1; PP-DDD 0.089 mg kg-1 and endosulfan sulfate with 0.034 mg kg-1) and from the 36 strawberries samples six showed contamination by endosulfan sulfate in the concentrations of 0.003 to 0.020 mg kg-1 and one sample collected 15/04/2011 showed 0.011 mg kg-1 of prochloraz, compounds that are not permitted to be used in strawberries. We concluded that the QuEChERS method used with a system of GC- &mu;ECD and LC-MS/MS is a viable alternative to determinate pesticides in strawberries and quinoa.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-29T12:20:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro.pdf: 843207 bytes, checksum: 5edb6fa96d360ea08be8b1ddf9cade76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T12:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro.pdf: 843207 bytes, checksum: 5edb6fa96d360ea08be8b1ddf9cade76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Anthracnose is a major post-harvest diseases of strawberry, causing various losses and limiting the quality of the fruit. Besides the lack of studies on climatic conditions that favor the disease, lack of active ingredients registered for the management of the disease in Brazil defines the need to search for alternative control. This study aimed to study the influence of inoculum concentration, temperature and leaf wetness period and to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest strawberry, and influence of this treatment on the physical attributes -chemical such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and TSS / TA. Inoculum concentrations tested were 102, 10³, 104, 105,106 and 107 spores / mL, for the fruits wet period were submitted to: 0, 12, 24, and 36 h of incubation, the influence of temperature on disease severity The fruits were incubated under controlled temperature for 12, 15, 20 and 25 ° C. In the control fruits with gamma radiation received doses: 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 kGy in two stages: immediate and six hours after the inoculation of the fungus. The control treatment did not receive doses of gamma radiation. Disease severity was significantly influenced by the higher concentration of inoculum (107 spores / ml), incubation temperature and the wetness of the fruit, with larger lesions in the fruits exposed to 25 ° C and 36 h. The irradiation the best treatments were performed immediately after inoculation, highlighting the dose of 1.25 kGy. Treatment with gamma radiation did not alter the chemical characteristics of fruits analyzed in this study. Thus, these treatments can be given for the post-harvest treatment of strawberry. / A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita do morango, causando diversas perdas e limitando a qualidade do fruto. Além da falta de estudos das condições climáticas que favorecem a doença, a falta de princípios ativos registrados para o manejo da doença no Brasil define a necessidade da busca de controle alternativo. Neste estudo objetivou-se estudar a influência da concentração de inóculo, temperatura e do período de molhamento, bem como, avaliar o efeito da radiação gama na severidade da antracnose causada por Colletotrichum acutatum em morango pós-colheita, além da influência desse tratamento nos atributos físico-químicos como pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT) e a relação SST/AT. As concentrações de inóculo testadas foram 102, 10³, 104, 105,106 e 107 conídios/mL, para o período de molhamento os frutos foram submetidos a: 0, 12, 24, e 36 h de incubação, na influência da temperatura na severidade da doença os frutos foram incubados com temperatura controlada para 12, 15, 20 e 25 °C. No controle com radiação gama os frutos receberam as doses de: 0,25, 0,50, 0,75, 1,0 e 1,25 kGy em dois tempos: imediatamente e seis horas após a inoculação do fungo. A testemunha não recebeu doses de radiação gama. A severidade da doença foi significativamente influenciada pela mais alta concentração de inóculo (107 conídios/mL), temperatura de incubação e pelo período de molhamento dos frutos, com maiores áreas de lesão nos frutos expostos a 25 ºC e 36 h. Quanto a irradiação os melhores tratamentos foram realizados imediatamente após as inoculações, com destaque para a dose de 1,25 kGy. Os tratamentos com a radiação gama não alteraram as características químicas das frutas analisadas neste estudo. Assim, estes tratamentos podem ser indicados para o tratamento pós-colheita de morango.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ericka Broetto Marin.pdf: 1130396 bytes, checksum: 4eb369a7e1b9b7035ac85fae204a62b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os agrotóxicos podem interferir diretamente na cadeia trófica, por proporcionar um desequilíbrio ecológico. Portanto, são necessários estudos que verifiquem em campo se esses compostos estão sendo aplicados no solo em concentrações que não prejudiquem os organismos aquáticos e terrestres. Dessa maneira, foram avaliados solos sob o cultivo convencional de tomate e morango dos municípios de Venda Nova do Imigrante e Domingos Martins, ES. Por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Dapnhia similis, Lactuca sativa, Zea mays e Eisenia fetida) e análise física e química, foi proposto avaliar se houve diferença nas respostas biológicas entre essas áreas e entre as porções destas, superior, média e inferior. Quanto aos organismos aquáticos, todas as áreas foram afetadas (68,96céls.mL-1; 55,64céls.mL-1; 40,61céls.mL-1; 104,60céls.mL-1) em relação ao controle laboratorial quando se avaliou a densidade de P. subcapitata, sendo que a porção inferior apresentou o resultado mais negativo para esse organismo. Uma das áreas de tomate apresentou a maior mortalidade de D. similis. O solo de mata apresentou efeito aos organismos aquáticos, por este motivo devem ser realizadas adaptações, como correção da acidez para ensaios posteriores. Avaliações como germinação e mortalidade foram menos afetadas do que a biomassa. L. sativa e Z. mays apresentaram biomassa superiores nos solos sob cultivo de morango em relação ao tomate, sendo uma das áreas de tomate a mais afetada para L. sativa (0,38g.kg-1). Para E. fetida foi verificada perda de biomassa, tanto em uma das áreas de tomate como em uma das áreas de morango, respectivamente -0,88g.kg-1 e -0,51g.kg-1. O cultivo de tomate obteve maior efeito negativo aos organismos do que o morango. A maioria dos resultados esteve relacionada à degradação do solo, principalmente com o teor de C orgânico total, matéria orgânica leve e acidez trocável do solo. Desta maneira, em uma avaliação ambiental devem ser consideradas as análises químicas, físicas e ecotoxicológicas. Além disso, quando são realizados ensaios ecotoxicológicos com amostras de solos são necessários ajustes metodológicos, para que não sejam gerados equívocos nos resultados / Pesticides can directly interfere with the food chain, by providing an ecological imbalance. Therefore, studies are needed to verify in field if these compounds are being applied to the soil at concentrations that do not affect the terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, were evaluated the soils under conventional cultivation of tomato and strawberry of the cities Venda Nova do Imigrante and Domingos Martins, ES. Through ecotoxicological tests (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Dapnhia similis, Lactuca sativa, Zea mays and Eisenia fetida) and physical and chemical analysis, was proposed to observe whether there was difference in responses between these areas and between the portions of them, upper, middle and lower. As for aquatic organisms, all areas have been affected (68,96cels.mL-1; 55,64cels.mL-1; 40,61cels.mL-1; 104,60cels.mL-1) compared to the control laboratory when measuring density of P. subcapitata, and the lower portion was the one that showed the most negative result for the organism. An area of tomato had the highest mortality rate of D. similis. The forest soil had an effect on aquatic organisms, thus adaptations should be made as liming for later tests. Evaluations such as germination and mortality were less affected than biomass. L. sativa and Z. mays showed higher biomass in soils under cultivation of strawberry in relation to the tomato, and area of tomato was the most affected to L. sativa (0,38g.kg-1). In E. fetida biomass loss was observed in areas of tomato and strawberry, respectively -0,88g.kg-1 and -0,51g.kg-1. The tomato crop obtained more harmful to organisms than the strawberry cultivation. Most results was related to soil degradation, mainly with the content of total organic carbon, organic matter and exchange acidity of soil. Thus, in an environmental assessment must be considered the chemical, physical and ecotoxicological properties. Further, tests are conducted with soil samples ecotoxicological adjustments are needed methodological from being generated equivocal results

Orientador: Bárbara Janet Teruel Mederos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_ElaineCangussudeSouza_M.pdf: 1610597 bytes, checksum: 9136ba250ed9462c6fbb4d8204f73a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo coletar dados de qualidade de sinal transmitido entre uma estação base e um nó sensor localizado no interior de uma casa de vegetação, localizada no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola - UNICAMP, com o auxilio de ferramentas computacionais. No interior da casa de vegetação foi inserido um sistema hidropônico com bancadas que forneciam suporte para morangueiros da cultivar Albion. O conjunto de equipamentos e de nós sensores que foram utilizados para montar a rede é da marca Crossbow®. Após a implantação do nó sensor foram realizados experimentos com o objetivo de verificar alcance e qualidade do sinal de acordo com sua potência. Através desses ensaios foi possível concluir que uma Potência de Sinal com valor de -12,2 dBm seria suficiente para manter a transmissão entre Estação Base e Nó Sensor. Testes também foram realizados para uma Potência de Sinal de -9,2 dBm, e mostraram que a rede possuía qualidade classificada como "muito alta". Porém, através do teste de duração da bateria, nota-se que existe uma economia de energia ao utilizar a Potência de Sinal de -12,2 dBm. No geral, foi demonstrado que o valor da Potência de Sinal tem influência sobre a qualidade do sinal de transmissão e recepção, o gasto de bateria e o alcance do sinal. Assim, este é um importante parâmetro a ser considerado em um projeto de implantação de rede de sensores sem fio no meio agrícola / Abstract: This project aims to collect quality data signals transmitted between a base station and a sensor node located inside a greenhouse, which is a experimental field located in the College of Agricultural Engineering - UNICAMP, with help of computational tools. Inside the greenhouse, a hydroponic system with banks providing support for strawberry Albion was inserted. The set of sensor nodes and equipment that were used to assemble the network is the Crossbow® brand. After sensor node deployment, experiments were performed in order to check range and signal quality. Through these experiments, it was concluded that a RF power value of -12.2 dBm is sufficient to maintain transmissions between base station and the sensor. Tests were also performed to a RF power of -9.2 dBm, and showed that the network had quality rated as "very high". However, by testing the battery life, it is noted that there is an energy saving when the RF power of -12.2 dBm is used. Overall, it was shown that the value of the signal strength has an influence on the quality of signal transmission and reception, battery depletion and signal range. So, this is an important parameter to be considered in a project to establish network of wireless sensors in a agricultural environment / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

This study explored the development of a stationary robotic strawberry harvester that was combined with a movable bench system as part of the development of an industrially production system for a strawberry in a plant factory. At first the difficulty of approaching target fruit was investigated using table-top plants cultured in a greenhouse. Then the maximum force needed to separate fruit from the peduncle was measured. Based on these results, an end-effector was designed with three unique functions; (1) suction cup was vibrated to minimize the influence of the adjoining fruits at the time of approach; (2) compressed air was blown toward the adjoining fruits to force them away from the target fruit; (3) peduncle was removed with the motion of tilting and pulling the target fruit. Next, an optical system to equip the machine with the ability to detect and determine the position and coloration of strawberry fruit was constructed. The position of the fruit was detected from below with a stereo-camera. The coloration measurement unit was set against the bed of the movable bench system at fruit level to capture images of target fruit. Considering the spectral reflectance characteristics of strawberry fruit, the coloration measurement unit was equipped with red, green, and white LEDs. Finally the stationary robot was tested in an experimental harvesting system in which the robot was combined with a movable bench unit. In the experiment system, the stationary robot enabled highly stable harvesting operation. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12528号 / 論農博第2747号 / 新制||農||988(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H23||N4584(農学部図書室) / 28350 / (主査)教授 近藤 直, 教授 清水 浩, 准教授 飯田 訓久 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

Orientador: Miriam Dupas Hubinger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NolascoPerez_IreneMarivel_M.pdf: 4214130 bytes, checksum: d4a3d21f56f0eb0fc6caa19ac8ae691d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: No mundo atual é crescente a demanda dos consumidores por produtos frescos, devido a sua qualidade nutricional, além de oferecer benefícios para a saúde como, por exemplo, na prevenção de algumas doenças. Frente a esta demanda, o presente trabalho estudou o uso de coberturas comestíveis de fécula de mandioca na manutenção da qualidade dos frutos de morango (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Os frutos de morango receberam tratamentos combinando o processamento mínimo com a utilização de cobertura comestível de fécula de mandioca, cuja finalidade foi prolongar a vida útil destes em temperaturas de refrigeração. Os frutos após o processamento foram mergulhados por 10 minutos em suspensão de 3% (p/v) de fécula de mandioca e submetidos à secagem naturalmente à temperatura ambiente e armazenados em temperaturas de 10 ?C e 15 ?C. Na primeira etapa, o objetivo foi avaliar as características da cobertura aplicada nos morangos (propriedades mecânicas: forças de ruptura e penetração, cor dos morangos, taxa de respiração e resistência ao vapor de agua) depois de 24 horas do tratamento. A aplicação da cobertura nos morangos não alterou significativamente as propriedades mecânicas (forças de ruptura e penetração), cor dos morangos, taxa de respiração e resistência ao vapor de água em comparação aos morangos sem coberturas. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o estudo da vida útil dos morangos com e sem cobertura, armazenados a temperaturas de 10 ?C e 15 ?C. Na perda de peso verificou-se diferença significativa ao longo do tempo de armazenamento diferença significativa, e no tempo fixo não se observou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, a taxa de respiração mostrou um incremento significativo em todos os tratamentos ao longo no tempo de armazenamento e para tempo fixo não presentaram diferenças significativo entre os tratamentos exceto no dia 1 se observou que o tratamento 15 ?C com cobertura diminui significativamente com respeito a 15 ?C sem cobertura. O teor de antocianinas apresentou uma diminuição significativa ao longo do tempo de armazenamento para os tratamentos 10 ?C sem cobertura e 15 C sem e com cobertura em ambas temperaturas são não significativo nos dia 5 e 8. As amostras 10 ?C com e sem cobertura e 15 ?C com e sem cobertura foram avaliadas sensorialmente os morangos com cobertura apresentaram notas acima do limite de aceitação (4,5), o fator que determinou o tempo de vida útil foi a contaminação microbiológica observada nas amostras. As amostras armazenadas a 10 ?C com e sem cobertura apresentaram 8 dias de vida útil e as amostras armazenadas 15 ?C com e sem cobertura apresentaram 5 dias de vida útil / Abstract: Nowadays there is a growing consumer demand for fresh products, due to their nutritional quality and the health benefits they provide, for example, in the prevention of some diseases. Faced with this demand, the present work analyzed the use of edible cassava starch coating for preserving the quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Strawberries underwent treatment combining minimal processing with the use of edible cassava starch coating, aiming to extend the lifetime of these fruits at refrigerated temperatures. To this aim, after the processing stage, the fruits were immersed for 10 minutes in a 3% (w/v) cassava starch suspension; then they were naturally dried at room temperature and stored at temperatures of 10?C and 15?C. During the first stage, the objective was to evaluate the characteristics of the starch-based coating applied to strawberries ¿ that is, mechanical properties (compression and penetration strengths) strawberry color, respiration rate and water vapor resistance ¿ after a 24-hour treatment. The application of the coating on the strawberries did not significantly modify the mechanical properties (compression and penetration strengths), strawberry color, respiration rate and resistance to water vapor, when compared to uncoated strawberries. During the second stage we studied the lifetime of coated and uncoated strawberries stored at temperatures of 10?C and 15?C. In the weight loss treatments, we were able to verify significant differences during the storage time, and in the fixed time no significant differences were observed, the respiration rate showed significant increase in all treatments during storage time, and in the fixed time, no significant differences among treatments were seen, except for day 1, when it was observed that the coated fruits under treatment at 15 ?C showed a significant decrease with regard to the uncoated fruits treated at 15?C. The anthocyanin content showed significant decrease during storage time for uncoated fruits at 10?C and for coated and uncoated fruits at 15?C; at both temperatures there were no significant results on days 5th and 8th. Sensory analysis was performed on samples at coated and uncoated stored at 10?C and 15?C . Coated strawberries showed numbers above the acceptance limit (4.5). The factor that determined the lifetime was the microbiological contamination observed in the samples. Coated and uncoated samples stored at 10?C had an 8-day lifetime and the coated and uncoated samples stored at 15?C had a 5-day lifetime / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_GustavoSteffende_M.pdf: 767493 bytes, checksum: c194394bcc80ba1852de47976dba16ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A cultura do morango é de grande importância no contexto agrícola mundial, com uma produção anual que supera 4,5 milhões de toneladas. Porém, as características desta fruta a tornam altamente susceptível a fatores físicos e biológicos de deterioração, tornando-a altamente perecível e acarretando altos níveis de perdas no campo e na pós-colheita. Dentre os fatores biológicos tem destaque a ação de fungos fitopatogênicos, dentre os quais o 'Botrytis cinerea' e o' Colletotrichum gloeosporioides' tem papel principal. Dentre as alternativas naturais para controle destes fitopatógenos, os óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e aromáticas vêm sendo investigados. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho a atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais de nove espécies de 'Citrus' e de 'Cymbopogon citratus' foi avaliada in vitro contra 'B. cinerea' e' C. gloeosporioides'. Os óleos de 'Citrus sinensis' e 'C. citratus' foram os mais ativos in vitro (MIC ¿ 0,25 e 0,06 mg.mL-1, respectivamente) e, portanto, selecionados para os ensaios com morangos in natura, visando manter sua qualidade pós-colheita. Os ensaios foram conduzidos sob duas condições ambientais, ou seja, sob condições ambiente de armazenamento (25 ºC) e em armazenamento refrigerado (10 ºC). Aplicados na concentração 1,0 mg.mL-1 , o óleo essencial de 'C. sinensis' mostrou-se mais eficaz sob condições ambiente de armazenamento, e a mistura dos dois óleos em partes iguais em armazenamento refrigerado. Em ambas as condições, melhores resultados foram obtidos através da aplicação por contato direto. Os óleos essenciais foram ainda incorporados a um filme de revestimento composto por matriz de metil-celulose e testados in vitro quanto ao seu potencial de inibição de 'B. cinerea'. Nestas condições, o óleo essencial de 'C. sinensis' mostrou-se o mais eficiente. Através dos resultados foi possível concluir que os óleos essenciais são uma opção viável para o controle de fitopatógenos em morango e para manutenção de sua qualidade pós-colheita / Abstract: The strawberry crop has great importance in agricultural world wide context, with an annual production exceeding 4.5 million tons. However, the characteristics of this fruit make it highly susceptible to physical and biological damage, making it easily perishable and causing losses in field and postharvest. Among the biological factors, the action of phytopathogenic fungi such as 'Botrytis cinerea' and "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides" have a main role. Natural alternatives have been proposed in order to replace synthetic products currently used in control of these plant pathogens, of which the essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants have demonstrated good potential. In this context, the present study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils from nine 'Citrus' species and from' Cymbopogon citratus' against 'B. cinerea' and 'C. gloeosporioides'. 'Citrus sinensi's and 'C. citratus' essential oils showed highest activities (MIC values 0.25 mg.mL-1 and 0.06 mg.mL-1, respectively) and were selected for the assays with in natura strawberries aiming at maintaining its postharvest quality. The tests were conducted under two simulated environmental conditions, ie, environment conditions of storage (25 ºC) and refrigerated storage (10 ºC). The crude essential oil of 'C. sinensis' (1.0 mg.mL-1) was the more effective in environmental conditions of storage, and the mixture of the two oils (1:1 ¿ 1.0 mg.mL-1) in refrigerated storage. In both conditions, best results were obtained when the oils were applied by direct contact. The essential oils were also incorporated into a coating film consisting of methyl cellulose matrix and tested to their 'in vitro' inhibitory potential against 'B. cinerea'. Accordingly, the essential oil of 'C. sinensis' proved to be the most effective as antifungal. The results allowed conclude that essential oils are a viable option for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in strawberry and for continuing postharvest quality / Mestrado / Ciência de Alimentos / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos