Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveirosMirandaSantos-Dissertacao.pdf: 443433 bytes, checksum: 40e0e7e123210e47642d5f6624ef6d0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-05 / Furthermore, the characteristics of the fruit of strawberry (to be consumed "in natura") immediately after the harvest and the attractiveness that it has on consumers for children, this may be a good economical choice, enriched with a good dose of compromise with human health and environmental responsibility to produce strawberries without the use of pesticides and adequate application of nutrients minerals. The production of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne). Has great importance for the Southern and Southeastern Brazil with the culture, and the State of Minas Gerais as the largest producer. Awareness of the risks of pesticide use in this culture has led to the development and improvement of production systems. Besides the action of environmental factors acting on the physiology of the crop, fertilization is another factor that interferes with the production and fruit quality. The mineral nutrition seems to be a decisive factor in the resistance of plants against pests. Within all the plagues of the strawberry mite Tetranychus urticae twospotted is a pest, which may reduce the yield by 80% when not controlled. This work was performed at IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Inconfidentes and aimed to assess the effect of fertigation of nutrients nitrogen and potassium in different dosage, training, production and incidence of pests on strawberry plants of cultivar Oso Grande '. The experiment was mounted in an area of 132.5 square meters, with 780 plants. We applied the randomized block design with five treatments and four replications, each plot comprised 15 plants. During the cycle plants received different doses in fertigation. The arthropod pests were identified and counted, held weighing fruit, shoots and roots of plants and loss of fruit weight. The results showed that both excess and lack of N and K are harmful plants both in production and in the incidence of pests, demonstrating that a more balanced treatment 200, 400 kg / ha of N and K is presented the best answer to production, fruit quality and lower incidence of insects on strawberry culture. / Ademais, pelas características do fruto do morangueiro (por ser consumido in natura ) imediatamente após o ponto de colheita e pela atratividade que o mesmo exerce sobre os consumidores infantis, esta pode ser uma boa opção econômica, enriquecida com uma boa dose de compromisso com a saúde humana e responsabilidade ambiental para se produzir morangos sem o uso de agrotóxicos e uma adequada aplicação de nutrientes minerias. A produção do morango (Fragaria x Ananassa Duchesne.) apresenta grande importância para a região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil com a cultura, tendo o Estado de Minas Gerais como maior produtor. A conscientização sobre os riscos decorrentes do uso de agrotóxicos nesta cultura tem levado ao desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de sistemas de produção. Além da ação de fatores ambientais atuando sobre a fisiologia da cultura, a adubação é outro fator que interfere na produção e qualidade dos frutos. A nutrição mineral parece ser um fator decisivo na resistência das plantas contra pragas. Dentro de todas as pragas do morangueiro o ácaro-rajado Tetranychus urticae é a principal praga, podendo reduzir a produção de frutos em até 80%, quando não controlado. O presente trabalho foi realizado no IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Inconfidentes e teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação via fertirrigação dos nutrientes nitrogênio e potássio em dosagem diferenciada, na formação, produção e incidência de pragas em plantas de morangueiro da cultivar Oso Grande . O experimento foi montado em uma área de 132,5m², com 780 plantas. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por 15 plantas. Durante o ciclo as plantas receberam as diferentes doses em fertirrigação. Os artrópodes-praga foram identificado e contado, realizou a pesagem dos frutos, da parte aérea e raiz das plantas e da perda de peso dos frutos. Os resultados demonstraram que tanto o excesso quanto a falta de N e K são prejudiciais as plantas tanto na produção quanto na incidência de pragas, demonstrando que o tratamento mais equilibrado 200;400 kg/ha de N e K é que apresentou melhor resposta para a produção, qualidade dos frutos e menor incidência de insetos na cultura do morangueiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaBonamichiGuidiGarcia-dissertacao.pdf: 1798588 bytes, checksum: 07f2f9d1cec4d681c14dfdee8bcd63dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / The practice of fertirrigation is quite common in Brazilian agriculture and is widely used in strawberry plantings, substantially improving the quality of fruit production. The objective of this work is to design and implement a computer system for the irrigation of strawberry culture with automatic calculation and detailed control of the amount of nutrients through irrigation water at various stages of development of the strawberry crop. The first stage of work was developed at the University José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS Alfenas Campus, and the step of creating the software was held in IFSULDEMINAS, Inconfidentes Campus. For the modeling and creation of the database was used and free software tool IBExpert Firebird, the programming language used was Delphi 7, which runs on the Windows platform and for the handling of the database language, SQL was used. The application has features of producer records, property, operator, cultivating, planting area, fertilizer, and database, and calculates the amount of nutrients based on the recommendations for the use of fertilizers in Minas Gerais, 5 ª approach to fertilization mineral NPK, water to be used for planting, and how long this application should be, enables consultations to the database and generates reports with information about the daily management of fertirrigation, being easy to use for technicians, agronomists and farmers. / A prática da fertirrigação é bastante comum na agricultura brasileira e é muito utilizada nos plantios de morango, melhorando substancialmente a qualidade da produção dos frutos. Objetiva-se com este trabalho elaborar e implementar um sistema computacional para a fertirrigação da cultura do morangueiro com o cálculo automático e controle minucioso da quantidade de nutrientes através da água de irrigação nas diversas fases de desenvolvimento da cultura do morango. A primeira etapa do trabalho foi desenvolvida na Universidade José do Rosário Vellano UNIFENAS, Câmpus Alfenas, e a etapa de criação do software foi realizada no IFSULDEMINAS, Câmpus Inconfidentes. Para a modelagem e criação do banco de dados foi utilizado o software livre Firebird e a ferramenta IBExpert. A linguagem de programação utilizada foi o Delphi 7, que roda na plataforma Windows, e para a manipulação do banco de dados, a linguagem SQL. O aplicativo possui funcionalidades de cadastros de produtor, propriedade, operador, cultivar, área de plantio, fertilizantes e base de dados, e calcula a quantidade de nutrientes baseado nas recomendações para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais, 5ª aproximação, para a adubação mineral NPK, de água a aplicar no plantio e quanto tempo deverá acontecer essa aplicação. Permite a realização de consultas à base de dados e gera relatórios com informações sobre o manejo diário da fertirrigação, sendo de fácil utilização para técnicos, agrônomos e produtores rurais.

Iodine is an essential nutrient for humans, which is often not ingested through food in adequate quantities. Currently, Germany is once again one of the countries in which there is an iodine deficiency in the population. Women between the ages of 20 and 40 are particularly affected, a critical situation since pregnant and lactating women have an increased iodine requirement. Iodization of table salt is a widely used prophylactic measure. However, this method is not sufficient and may become less important in the future if further dietary salt reduction occurs, as nutritionists are demanding. Alternative approaches are therefore needed to improve the supply. One of these approaches is the agronomic biofortification of food crops. In this process, iodine is applied via fertilization measures during the cultivation of the plants. This gives the plants the ability to take up the mineral, which is only available in the soil to a very limited extent. In recent years, many studies have been published on the biofortification of vegetables and cereals. Foliar fertilization measures have proven to be significantly more efficient than soil fertilization measures. Nevertheless, up to now few results are available on the biofortification of fruit crops. However, fruit is also important for a healthy diet and the iodine supply of humans can only be improved if as many iodine-rich foods as possible are available. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate iodine biofortification of berry and tree fruit species in more detail. In order to be able to achieve this objective, trials were performed over several years with strawberries, apple and pear trees. In addition to suitable application methods, the aim was to determine the iodine form (iodide and iodate) and the necessary iodine quantity. On the one hand, the measured iodine contents in the fruit and leaf tissue allowed conclusions to be drawn about the translocation of iodine in the plant. On the other hand, this made it possible to evaluate the basic suitability for iodine biofortification of the fruit crops investigated. Since iodine has a phytotoxic effect above a certain amount, the plant compatibility should also be tested. In addition, common household processing methods, such as washing or peeling the fruit, as well as fruit storage over several months, should provide information on the extent to which such measures could reduce the iodine content. Another study parameter was the soluble solids content, as there is evidence that iodine can affect the sugar content of fruit. Furthermore, a combined application of potassium nitrate and selenium was carried out and their influence on iodine and sugar content was investigated. Selenium is also an essential trace element, which is usually inadequately absorbed through the diet. The results of the investigations showed that it was possible, in principle, to raise the iodine content of strawberries, apples and pears to a level of 50 to 100 µg iodine per 100 g fresh mass. In the case of strawberries, however, this was only feasible if the plants were in their first year of cultivation and the iodine was applied by foliar fertilization shortly before harvest. In the 2nd and 3rd year of cultivation, the plants had a very dense canopy, which prevented direct wetting of the fruit. However, direct wetting of the fruit surface with the iodine solution is imperative, as this was the only way to achieve a reliably high iodine content in the fruit mass. Soil fertilization proved to be completely unsuitable in trials with strawberries and apple trees. The translocation of iodine after soil fertilization occurred mainly via the xylem transport into the strongly transpiring leaves and not into the fruits. In addition, compared to a foliar application, a significantly higher iodine application rate was required. Furthermore, experiments with apple trees cultivated in a plastic tunnel, protected from precipitation, showed that the iodine transfer via the phloem into the fruits was only marginal. With regard to the phytotoxic effect of iodine application, no consistent difference was observed between potassium iodide and potassium iodate. Both forms of iodine did not affect yield or average individual fruit weight. Damage to fruit was not observed in any variant. However, with increasing iodine levels, significant damage to leaves was noticeable. Apple and pear trees also showed early leaf fall. Iodide generally led to significantly higher iodine contents in the plant mass after foliar application, but this was also associated with high fluctuations. With iodate, it was possible to reliably achieve the targeted iodine content in the fruit mass of apple and pear trees with an application rate of 1.5 kg iodine per hectare and meter canopy height. Washing the fruit reduced the iodine content of strawberries by up to 30%. For apples and pears, this value was about 14% at harvest and about 12% after 3 months of storage. Peeled apples and pears showed a significantly reduced iodine content. 51% of the iodine in apples was bound in the fruit peel or the cuticular waxes. A reduction of 73% was determined for pears. Cold storage for 3 months resulted in a significant loss of iodine in parts of the apple peel. At this point, the release of volatile iodine compounds is probably the cause of the reduction. However, this would still have to be confirmed by further investigations. Iodine application had a negative effect on the soluble solids content of strawberries above a certain level. It was not possible to observe significant changes for pome fruit in the trials conducted. However, the application of potassium nitrate (alone and in combination with iodine) resulted in an increase. Iodine uptake remained unaffected by the combined application of potassium nitrate and selenium. However, it was shown that selenium has a comparable uptake and translocation pattern to iodine and that a combined biofortification with both minerals is, in principle, possible. Accordingly, apple and pear trees are well suited for biofortification with iodine by foliar fertilization. However, further trials in commercial orchards are necessary to implement this process. In the future, appropriately fortified fruit could make an important contribution to the alimentary iodine supply for humans.

Farmers require advance notice when a harvest is approaching, so they can allocate resources and hire workers as efficiently as possible. Existing methods are subjective and labor intensive, and require the expertise of a professional forecaster. Cal Poly’s EE department has been collaborating with the Cal Poly Strawberry Center to investigate the potential in using digital imaging processing to predict harvests more reliably. This paper shows the progress of that ongoing project, as well as what aspects could still be improved. Three main blocks comprise this system: data acquisition, which obtains and catalogues images of the strawberry plants; computer vision, which extracts information from the images and constructs a time-series model of the field as a whole; and prediction, which uses the field’s history to guess when the most likely harvest window will be. The best method of data acquisition is determined through a decision matrix to be a small autonomous rover. Several challenges specific to images captured via drone, such as fisheye distortion and dirt masking, are examined and mitigated. Using thresholding, the nRGB color space is shown to be the most promising for image segmentation of red strawberries. Data from field 25 at the Cal Poly Strawberry Center is tabulated, analyzed, and compared against industry trends across California. Ultimately, this work serves as a strong benchmark towards a full strawberry yield prediction system.

Chez le fraisier la balance entre floraison et développement végétatif incluant la production de stolons (tiges allongées portant les plants filles) conditionne le rendement du plant. L’objectif de la thèse était d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension des processus de développement du fraisier, la floraison, le développement végétatif des axes et le stolonnage, grâce à une étude spatio-temporelle. Trois approches complémentaires ont été développées sur six variétés non-remontantes plantées en conditions « hors sol » : (1) la modélisation des profils d’émergence hebdomadaire de fleurs, feuilles et stolons par une analyse de segmentation longitudinale, (2) l’analyse spatio-temporelle de l’architecture des plants durant une saison de production et (3) le suivi de l’expression de gènes clés liés à la floraison. (1) Les modèles univariés de détection de ruptures appliqués à chaque variable phénologique étaient basés sur l’hypothèse que les changements de phases sont synchrones entre les individus d’une même variété. Ces modèles ont permis d’identifier des phases pour chacune des variétés et chacun des trois types d’organe. Les modèles de détection de ruptures multivariés combinant les trois types d’organes ont permis de mettre en évidence une forte structuration du développement du fraisier par la floraison et le stolonnage. De plus, les variétés se regroupent autour de deux profils de floraison avec la présence ou pas d’un deuxième pic de floraison. Enfin, les modèles d’émergence de stolon montrent un synchronisme suggérant un fort effet environnemental. (2) L’analyse spatio-temporelle de l’architecture s’est basée sur un modèle de graphe arborescent multi-échelle, permettant une représentation visuelle et une analyse de la topologie du plant au cours de son développement. Cette analyse a permis de mettre en évidence des différences topologiques précoces ainsi que différentes stratégies de développement entre les variétés. Ces différences de développement expliquent en partie les différents profils de floraison. (3) Parmi les gènes étudiés pour leur expression au cours de la culture des plants de fraisier, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) apparait comme un marqueur de développement végétatif et de l’émergence des stolons. Une approche architecturale a également été initiée sur le fraisier diploïde. Les premiers résultats ont permis de mieux préciser le devenir des méristèmes axillaires. En conclusion, ce travail a permis d’évaluer les variétés en condition de production et d’identifier des critères de sélection pour le développement de nouvelles variétés. Il a également permis de développer de nouveaux outils qui pourront être utilisés par les sélectionneurs et les expérimentateurs. / In strawberry, the balance between flowering and vegetative development, including the production of stolons (elongated stems carrying the daughter plants), conditions the yield of the plant. The objective of the thesis was to better understand the developmental processes of strawberry plant, namely flowering, the vegetative development of axes and runnering, through a spatio-temporal study. Three complementary approaches have been developed on seasonal flowering varieties planted in "soilless" conditions: (1) modeling the weekly emergence of flowers, leaves and stolons by a longitudinal segmentation analysis, (2) spatio-temporal analysis of plant architecture during a seasonal production and (3) expression of key genes related to flowering. (1) Univariate multiple change-point models applied to each phenological variable were based on the assumption that phase changes were synchronous between individuals of a given variety. These models allowed to identify phases for each variety and each type of organ. Multivariate multiple changepoint models combining the three types of organ highlighted a strong structuring of strawberry development by flowering and runnering. Moreover, the varieties can be grouped into two profiles of flowering with the presence or not of a second period of flowering. Finally, the stolon emergence models show a synchronism suggesting a strong environmental effect. (2) Spatio-temporal analysis of the architecture relied on a multi-scale tree graph allowing visual representation and topological analysis of plant development. This analysis revealed early topological differences as well as different strategies of development between varieties. These differences in development partially explain the different flowering patterns. (3) Among the genes studied for their expression during the cultivation of strawberry plants, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) appears as a marker of vegetative development and stolon emergence. An architectural approach was also initiated on the diploid strawberry. First results allowed to better specify the fate of axillary meristems. In conclusion, this work allowed to evaluate the varieties in production condition and to identify selection criteria for the development of new varieties. It has also allowed the development of new tools that can be used by breeders and experimenters.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of using carbon dioxide (CO2) pressurization to extend strawberry fruit prep shelf life for the eventual use in yogurt applications. In this experiment, CO2 treatments of 5, 15, and 25 pounds per square inch were used as a processing step to inactivate microorganisms, which in turn could aid in the preservation and maintenance of product quality during storage thus improving consumer acceptance of the yogurt. Microbial levels of the fruit prep treatments were monitored over a six-week period by enumerating aerobic plate counts and yeast and mold levels. The color, pH, and texture of the treatments were also evaluated throughout the duration of the study. Sensory attributes of the product were evaluated by formal sensory panel at the beginning of the study to gather consumer feedback on potential changes introduced by the treatment to the finished product. For sensory analysis, the different CO2 treatments of fruit prep were mixed with plain yogurt and given to panelists. The different treatments were taken from one homogenous mixture of fruit prep and then were randomly divided into five different treatment groups: a control group, a thermally processed group, and the three different pressure levels of CO2. Results from the experiment showed that carbonation does not negatively impact product overall acceptability. Shelf life results showed that CO2 treatments are not effective in maintaining or extending the shelf life of strawberry fruit prep when compared to a thermal treatment.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21429号 / 農博第2307号 / 学位論文||H30||N5157(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 直, 准教授 小川 雄一, 教授 飯田 訓久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

No description available.

Manuscript No. 1 Recent research has indicated that low nest success and juvenile survival of Greater Sage-Grouse may be responsible for population declines. Recent technological advances in micro-transmitters have made radio-telemetry studies on Sage-Grouse chicks more common. Radio-telemetry enables monitoring of individual chicks and broods during a critical period of their life history. The exact cause of low chick recruitment in Strawberry Valley has not been well understood. In 2006, a chick mortality study using micro-transmitters was initiated to (1) determine the causes of chick mortality, (2) calculate overall chick survival, (3) compare chick survival in the Strawberry Valley population to published reports, (4) monitor brood movements, and (5) suggest management strategies for mitigation of chick mortality. Survival data on radio-marked chicks were analyzed using a known fate model in program MARK. Chick survival in Strawberry Valley was greater than all reported estimates from other studies. Our study did not identify any unsuspected causes of chick mortality, and the cumulative effect of stressing chicks, hens, and broods was not deemed worth the benefit, especially in a population recovery setting like Strawberry Valley. We do not recommend the use of radio-telemetry on Sage-Grouse chicks in recovering or sensitive populations. Manuscript No. 2 In 2003, we began translocating Greater Sage-Grouse into the Strawberry Valley of central Utah, in an attempt to recover the dwindling population found therein. Prior to 2006 all translocated Sage-Grouse were released within 250 m of the only active lek in Strawberry Valley while males were actively strutting. A prolonged winter in 2006 delayed normal lekking activity in Strawberry Valley. As a result 61 (59%) of the 103 sage-grouse translocated in 2006 were not released near an active lek. We analyzed the influence that release timing, hen age, body mass, and source population had on mortality, flocking, and dispersal distance of translocated hens in 2006. We found that mortality and flocking rates were not influenced by release timing, hen age, body mass, or source population. Dispersal distances for hens released near a lek with actively strutting males were significantly less than distances of hens released near an inactive lek. We believe that releasing translocated Sage-Grouse near a lek with actively strutting males is an essential technique for Greater Sage-Grouse translocations. We recommend that other Sage-Grouse translocation efforts employ this method to increase the likelihood of success.