As part of a drive to improve the quality of teachers, Zimbabwe introduced a school-based mentoring model in 1995, a move which regrettably seems not have borne fruit. Therefore, this study sought to propose an improved mentoring model for initial teacher training for primary school teachers. Efforts to improve the current mentoring could, however, be facilitated if they were informed by an empirically-based understanding of the shortcomings of the existing mentoring system for student teachers and teachers. In order to attain the above objective, this study adopted a multisite case study design, guided by the interpretive paradigm. A core of nine primary schools, drawn from the rural, urban and peri-urban areas of the Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe, was purposively selected to participate in the study. In the participating schools, key participants were student teachers and mentors, while school principals participated when they had time. A secondary group of primary schools were also identified to be used as validation of findings in a wider setting. An in-depth literature study on teacher education and mentoring was also carried out and this, combined with empirical data, illuminated the issues being investigated. The empirical data were primarily gathered through focus group and face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews, while participant observation (used in conjunction with informal unstructured interviews) and questionnaires were used to verify and triangulate data collected through the interviews. To safeguard the ethical integrity of the study, ethical approval from the relevant university committee, as well as the official consent of educational authorities, was obtained beforehand, as was the informed consent of individual participants. The research established that the support rendered to student teachers in the participating primary schools was largely inadequate and of a shallow mode, focusing primarily on facilitating the mastery of technical skills and the provision of psycho-social support, while being sorely deficient in empowering the student teachers with the skills and attitudes to reflectively and critically engage with their own and others‟ teaching practices. The mentoring was taking place in the context of field experience, organised along the apprenticeship model, hence located in an outmoded traditional paradigm of field experience, something which is regrettable at a time when international best practices seek to move towards a reflective-inquiry-oriented paradigm. Secondly, the research found that the participating schools were not structurally or culturally ready to take significant teacher training responsibility; hence the schools, in their present state, could be seen as constraining the smooth functioning of the mentoring model. Thirdly, some mentor-based factors also seemed to inhibit the functioning of the mentoring model. These included teachers who were attitudinally indisposed to accept student teachers as their professional colleagues, preferring to relate to them hierarchically and vertically, thereby limiting the emergence of a culture of professional collaboration and reciprocal learning relationships. In similar vein, the mentors‟ lack of training limited their capacity of mentors to perform the extended range of mentoring functions necessary for supporting student teachers trained in 21st century schools. The above conclusions and implications point towards the following recommendations: Mentor support for student teachers should be extended from the present superficial level to include functions that are oriented towards reflective practice. However, for this to happen, some adjustments will need to be made in the schools. These include, most importantly, making time available for mentoring activities. In order for the mentors to be able to perform their mentoring functions knowledgeably, they must be made fully aware of what they are supposed to do by providing them with the official documents spelling out mentoring expectations in schools. Additionally, the commitment of mentors to their duties could be made more sustainable by putting in place a clearly defined reward structure that is fully recognized officially and integrated into the employee grading system. To make school environments more propitious towards mentoring, schools must be structurally modified and re-cultured to create slots for mentoring activities, provide opportunities for informal professional interaction among teachers, as well as establish professional engagement forums, such as school-based learning circles. The research also suggests that student teachers should be allowed to choose their mentors through providing them with opportunities for early contact with their prospective mentoring partners. In an attempt to close the gap between college-based modules and field-based school experiences, the research further recommends that college-based modules be delivered in a way that ensures that they are fully integrated with student teachers‟ field experiences. Finally, mentoring could be better facilitated if schools and colleges adopted a partnership arrangement that is more aligned to mentoring. This implies provisionally shifting from the present separatist to the HEI-led partnership model, while preparing for the adoption of a fully-fledged collaborative partnership in the long term. The research was, however, by no means carried out perfectly. It was somewhat limited by its failure to take into account the view of officials from the Department of Education, as well as the input of colleagues in teacher education. In similar vein, the researcher felt that a more nuanced and fine-grained picture of the participants‟ mentoring experiences could have emerged if he had spent more time in the field, something which limited resources and work commitments did not allow him to do. Some significant issues arose from this study, but which it could not pursue. These include exploring the possibility of coming up with a model of teacher education that integrates ITE and CTPD in the context of mentoring, as well as conducting a similarly designed research into the mentoring that is taking place in secondary schools.

In order to investigate ways pre-service student teachers (PSTs) might learn to teach with high-level tasks and effectively incorporate student thinking into their lessons a teaching experiment was designed and carried out by the cooperating teacher/researcher (CT). The intervention was for the CT to interject into the lessons of the PSTs during moments of opportunity. By interjecting a small question or comment during the lesson the CT hoped to support the learning of both the students of mathematics in the class and the PSTs. This in-the-moment interjecting was meant to enhance and underscore the situated learning of the PSTs within the context of actual practice. Essentially the PSTs learned how to manage and improve the discourse of the classroom in the moment of the discourse. This study utilized both an ongoing analysis of the data during collection in order to inform the instruction provided by the CT and a retrospective analysis of the data in order to develop an understanding of the developmental sequence through which PSTs progressed. The results suggest the interjections provided to the PSTs served multiple roles within the domains of mathematical development for the students of mathematics and pedagogical development for the PSTs. A classification of the interjections that occurred and the stages of development through which PSTs passed will be discussed. Implications from this work include increased attention to the groundwork leading up to the student teaching experience as well as an adjustment to the role of cooperating teacher to be more that of a teacher educator.

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The purpose of this study was to describe how relationships between student teachers and pupils were constructed within the context of the middle school classroom. The questions guiding the study were: How do student teachers develop relationships with pupils in their classes? What factors in the teaching and learning environment influence the development of these relationships? How do these relationships influence the student teaching experience? This study was a qualitative case study. I observed and interviewed two middle school student teachers as they participated in their student teaching experience. Data include observations of student teachers as they worked with their pupils during typical school activities. In addition, interviews were conducted with the student teachers and the cooperating teachers of the two student teachers. All transcripts of interviews, observation notes and other field notes were analyzed for salient categories and subsequently major themes were developed (Patton, 1990). The findings of the data analysis indicated that the student teaching relationship building process could be explained within the five phases of relationship building (Levinger, 1982,1983). These five phases are: acquaintance, buildup of relationships, continuation and consolidation of relationships, deterioration and decline of relationships and the ending of relationships. Within this framework, relationship building between student teachers and pupils emerged as a multi-layered process, that includes such interactive factors as the educational history of the student teacher and their self-image as a teacher, knowledge of middle school pupils, tendency for self-disclosure, the demonstration of care and concern, extent of lesson planning and finally, classroom management. Suggestions for further research include such ideas as a study of relationship building with first year teachers and how relationship building would differ from a variety of student teaching experiences. Implications for the practice of teacher educators are that specific experiences need to be planned for student teachers that increase awareness of and strategies for building relationships with learners. / Ed. D.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate digital native preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding their technology experiences and skills at the beginning and at the end of their field placement semester. Digital natives, as defined by Prensky (2001), are students born after 1980 who have been raised with digital media and spend a great deal of time engaging with digital devices. Factors that could impact changes in these participants’ technology integration self-efficacy beliefs were also analyzed. This study used pre- and post-surveys, face-to-face interviews with a portion of the respondents, and a document review of course materials and lesson plans. Twenty-one preservice students, enrolled in the second to last semester of a teacher preparation program, at a small mid Atlantic university during the fall, 2011 semester participated. The quantitative portion involved the online administration of the Technology Integration Survey at the beginning and at the conclusion of the field placement experience. For the qualitative portion, nine participants were purposefully selected for interviews in an effort to more fully understand participants’ experiences and how these experiences impacted their self-efficacy beliefs about technology integration during the semester. In order to triangulate the data, results of the quantitative phase of the study were then compared with the results from the qualitative phase of the study. The findings of this mixed-method study suggested that digital native preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs to integrate technology into their teaching improved slightly over the course of the semester. In addition, a strong relationship was found between participants’ Post-Test Technology Skills scores and Post-Test Self-Efficacy scores, indicating that an increase in technology skills corresponded with an increase in self-efficacy (r = .684, p = 0.001). Qualitative results pointed to mentor support, time, and access to technology during their field placement experiences as factors for integrating technology into their instruction. Additionally, results indicated that participants had access to and spent a considerable amount of time on computers every day. They were proficient with basic technologies but reported lower proficiency with more difficult technologies. Yet, results also suggested that, while this group of digital native preservice teachers has grown up in the digital age, their practice and, more importantly, their fundamental understanding of integrating technology into their instructional practices was limited.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-16T12:53:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Rossi Oliveira Palermo.pdf: 3167788 bytes, checksum: eb2a639325a4c850224873215a22bb6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T12:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Rossi Oliveira Palermo.pdf: 3167788 bytes, checksum: eb2a639325a4c850224873215a22bb6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research focuses on the context of the tutor teachers’ professional socializationand the respective implication concerning their knowledge and practices in Distance Education (DE) in Higher Education. It aims to gather elements that could explicit the characteristics of the tutor teacher’s work and under which conditions it happens. It is a bibliographic, documentary and field research, theoretically supported by authors related to the area of Sociology of Education, especially regarding the relations established among teaching work and professional identity: a) to identify the tutor teacher’s knowledge, Tardif and Raymond (2000), Borges (2001), Pimenta (2012), Gauthier (2013), Nóvoa (1999) and Perrenoud (2001); b) to elucidate the concept ofpoliteachingin distance education, Mill (2014); c) to identify the tutor teacher’s thinking and the professional background knowledge for the practice of the teaching work, Shulman (2005); d) to understand the teaching professional development, Marcelo Garcia (2009); e) to analyze the teaching professional insertion, Vaillant (2009); e) to understand the elements that characterize the teaching work, Tardif and Lessard (2009); f) to discuss the socialization and the teaching professional identity, Berger &Luckmann (2014) and Claude Dubar (1997) – other authors’ specific reference; g) to advance the concept of technology, Marcuse (1999); and h) to characterize pedagogical and institutional models, Marin (1990). The intention with the bibliographic research is to identify and characterize the studies related to this theme, as well as investigate the perspectives of analysis in the selected works, elucidating how the tutor teachers’ knowledge and professional performance in distance education in higher education are defined. The documentary research was accomplished by means of survey of specific legislation about distance education in higher education context in Brazil and documents from 02 Brazilian Higher Education institutions that, after mapping the higher education institutions that offer the undergraduate major in Education in distance education and that twice received the highest score at ENADE evaluation (National Exam of Evaluation of Students’ Performance) between 2005 and 2011, agreed to the solicitation of authorization for the survey. Finally, the field research included: a) contacts with those 02 selected institutions, 01 Coordinatorof the Undergraduate Major and 18 tutor teachers, that accepted to participate in the survey; b) creation and testing of instruments to data collection (Questionnaire, Interview Guidelines and Guidelines for the Analysis of Documents). Data collected were organized in tables, figures and charts, with the support of the SPHINX iQ2software, answering to the research questions: What do different scientific contributions express about the tutor teacher’s knowledge and work? What are the directions of the legislation regarding the distance education in Brazil, and especially concerning the tutor teacher? What do the documents from the surveyed institutions express about the definition and organization of the tutor teacher’s work, in distance education? Who are the tutor teachers and under which conditions do they work? Which teaching knowledge do the surveyed tutor teachers have and how is their work/performance characterized? The results obtained partially confirmed the hypothesis investigated, revealing that: a) the examined academic productions mainly focused on the analysis of the DE tutor teacher’s workversusthe teacher’s work in face-to-face instruction andon the precarization of the tutor teacher’s work, recognized as a tutor and not as a teacher; b) the Brazilian legislation has been contradictory regarding the tutor teacher’s space in DE, maintaining the teaching hierarchization in distance education; c) the investigated higher education institutions, though being public and federal and having adopted the UAB model (Open University of Brazil), present distinct forms of course development and tutor teacher’s work; d) the tutor teachers’ performance and work conditions are influenced by those actors’ action, who move themselves and modify their environment; e) in DE, the teaching work is defined by the use of technology, almost always reduced to the use of the computer, without understanding technology as an instrument that organizes the social relations established and without recognizing the individual as integral part of technology / Esta pesquisa tem por objeto o contexto da socialização profissional do professor tutor e as respectivas implicações quanto aos seus saberes e práticas no ensino superior na modalidade a distância. Tem por objetivo reunir elementos que explicitem as características do trabalho do professor tutor e as condições em que ele é realizado. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tomando como fontes de apoio teórico autores relacionados à área da Sociologia da Educação, especialmente no que tange às relações que se estabelecem entre docência e identidade profissional: a) para identificar os saberes docentes do professor tutor, Tardif e Raymond (2000), Borges (2001), Pimenta (2012), Gauthier (2013), Nóvoa (1999) e Perrenoud (2001); b) para explicitar o conceito de polidocência na modalidade a distância, Mill (2014); c) para identificar o pensamento do professor tutor e os conhecimentos profissionais de base para o exercício de sua função docente, Shulman (2005); d) para compreender o desenvolvimento profissional docente, Marcelo Garcia (2009); e) para analisar a inserção profissional docente, Vaillant (2009); e) para compreensão os elementos que caracterizam o trabalho docente, Tardif e Lessard (2009); f) para discutir a socialização e identidade profissional docente, Berger & Luckmann (2014) e Claude Dubar (1997) – referência específica dos demais autores; g) para ampliar o conceito de tecnologia, Marcuse (1999); e h) para caracterizar modelos pedagógicos e institucionais, Marin (1990). Pretende-se com a pesquisa bibliográfica identificar e caracterizar as pesquisas sobre essa temática, bem como investigar as perspectivas de análises presentes nos trabalhos selecionados, explicitando como ficam definidos os saberes, conhecimentos e atuação profissional de professores tutores no ensino superior na modalidade a distância. A pesquisa documental foi realizada por meio do exame da legislação específica sobre ensino superior na modalidade a distância no Brasil e de documentos norteadores de 02 instituições brasileiras de ensino superior que, após levantamento das instituições que oferecem ensino superior / Curso de Pedagogia na modalidade a distância e que receberam por duas vezes nota máxima na avaliação ENADE entre 2005 e 2011, responderam positivamente à solicitação de autorização para pesquisa. Finalmente, a pesquisa de campo incluiu: a) contatos com as 02 instituições selecionadas, 01 coordenadora de Curso e 18 professores tutores nelas atuantes, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, b) construção e teste de instrumentos para coleta de dados (Questionário, Roteiro de Entrevista e Roteiro de Análise de Documentos). Os dados coletados foram organizados em quadros, figuras e tabelas, com o auxílio do software SPHINX iQ2, respondendo às perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa: O que dizem as diferentes contribuições científicas sobre os saberes e o trabalho do professor tutor? O que orienta a legislação, acerca da modalidade de educação a distância no Brasil e especialmente, no que tange ao professor tutor? Que dizem os documentos norteadores das instituições pesquisadas, quanto a definir e organizar a atuação do professor tutor, na modalidade de educação a distância? Quem são e em que condições trabalham os professores tutores? Quais são os saberes docentes dos professores tutores investigados e como se caracteriza sua atuação/trabalho? Os resultados obtidos confirmaram em parte as hipóteses investigadas, revelando que: a) as produções acadêmicas analisadas dedicam maior atenção à análise da atuação do professor tutor EaD versus atuação do professor da modalidade presencial e à precarização do trabalho professor tutor, reconhecido como tutor e não como professor; b) a legislação brasileira tem sido contraditória em relação ao lugar do professor tutor na EaD, mantendo a hierarquização da docência nessa modalidade de ensino; c) as instituições de ensino superior investigadas, apesar de serem de esfera federal e adotarem o modelo UAB, apresentam formas distintas de desenvolvimento dos cursos e de atuação dos professores tutores; d) a atuação e as condições de trabalho dos professores tutores são influenciadas pela ação desses atores, que se movimentam e modificam seus ambientes; e) na EAD a docência é definida pelo uso da tecnologia, quase sempre reduzida ao uso do computador, sem o entendimento da tecnologia como instrumento que organiza as relações sociais que se estabelecem e sem o reconhecimento do indivíduo como parte integrante da tecnologia

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-14T12:35:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Patrícia Ferreira da Conceição.pdf: 1182841 bytes, checksum: 1125b63aa543811a1189f98cccfb4f17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Patrícia Ferreira da Conceição.pdf: 1182841 bytes, checksum: 1125b63aa543811a1189f98cccfb4f17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research had as general objective to analyze the pedagogical practice and the challenges encountered by the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP) egress in the first years of teaching, as well as the contributions of this program to her professional insertion. The study sought to analyze the elements considered by the egress as facilitators or obstructers of the professional insertion; investigate the strategies used to overcome the challenges encountered; and to know, from the point of view of the egress and the management team of the School, the PRP's contributions to the process of professional insertion. It also presents an overview of this Program – from a public institution of Education – and the profile of the egresses corresponding to the period from 2011 to 2014. The literature review includes theorists such as Tardif (2002), Marcelo Garcia (1999), Nóvoa (2009) and Darling-Hammond (2014), among others authors who discuss the beginning of the teaching career, the insertion of teachers and the initial formation. The research was constituted in a case study and had like procedures of data production: observation of the egress’s activities; semi-structured interviews with the egress and the Pedagogical Coordinator of the School; and analysis of documents such as the teacher's logbook, the School's Political Pedagogical Project and the Curricular proposal from Municipal Department of Education of Guarulhos (SP). For the data analysis, the Prose Analysis method (ANDRÉ, 1983) was used, with topics and themes that made it possible to formulate five categories: Professional Insertion; Classroom management; Planning and Evaluation; Initial formation; Pedagogical Residence Program. The main results indicate that the teacher experienced insertion in teaching with few difficulties. The school climate and the participation in the PRP contributed to her professional insertion, mainly in relation to classroom management, planning and evaluation of pedagogical activities / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a prática pedagógica e os desafios encontrados pela egressa do Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP) nos primeiros anos de docência, bem como as contribuições desse programa para a sua inserção profissional. O estudo buscou analisar os elementos considerados pela egressa como facilitadores ou dificultadores da inserção profissional; investigar as estratégias utilizadas para superar os desafios encontrados; e conhecer, sob o ponto de vista da egressa e da equipe gestora da escola, as contribuições do PRP para o processo de inserção profissional. Também apresenta um panorama desse programa – de uma instituição pública de ensino – e o perfil dos egressos correspondente ao período de 2011 a 2014. A revisão da literatura inclui teóricos como Tardif (2002), Marcelo Garcia (1999), Nóvoa (2009) e Darling-Hammond (2014), entre outros autores que discutem o início da carreira docente, a inserção docente e a formação inicial. A pesquisa se constituiu em um estudo de caso e teve como procedimentos de produção de dados: observação das atividades da egressa; entrevistas semiestruturadas com a egressa e com a coordenadora pedagógica da escola; e análise de documentos como diário de bordo da professora, Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola e proposta curricular da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Guarulhos (SP). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o método de Análise de Prosa (ANDRÉ, 1983), com tópicos e temas que possibilitaram formular cinco categorias: Inserção profissional; Gestão da sala de aula; Planejamento e avaliação; Formação inicial e Programa Residência Pedagógica. Os principais resultados indicam que a professora vivenciou a inserção na docência com poucas dificuldades. O clima da escola e a participação no PRP contribuíram para sua inserção profissional, principalmente em relação à gestão da sala de aula, ao planejamento e à avaliação das atividades pedagógicas