This case study applies women's empowerment and feminist theories to discuss the transport system's possible link with women empowerment and understand how a gender-responsive transport system based on women's complex needs would empower them and improve their status of health and well-being. The research area is two small urban in Sweden with less than 1500 populations. The present study investigates the local women's mobility behavior to discover their daily travel challenges. Moreover, determining whether the local transport project, including the train station's commencement, is gender-aware in the policymaking and implementation part and conscious about the gender-mainstreaming and gender equality policies. This research practices the qualitative method by employing semi-structured interviews with a small sample-group of women in the regions. The interpretation of data is being used as the theoretical knowledge approach. Besides, when the COVID-19 pandemic changed people's mobility behavior, they avoided using public transport for safety measurements and working from home. The research's last aim is to observe any change in people's mindset, behavior, and trust level in public transport. The result shows a clear connection between the transportation system and women's empowerment and their well-being. The study presents having gender-awareness perspectives, and raising gender consciousness is necessary if the ultimate aim is designing an equitable transport system to support women's empowerment. The research demonstrates that women still trust and prefer the public transport system and are ready to use it again after the COVID-19 and familiar situation.

Syftet med denna studie är att tillämpa Kanomodellen och kundnöjdhet på området livskvalitet och på så vis också bidra med ökad kunskap om livskvalitet som område. Genom att identifiera faktorer som handlar om livstillfredsställelse hos tre (3) organisationer inom arbetarrörelsen. Detta är en kvalitativ dokumentstudie med ett induktivt angreppsätt och innehållsanalys som analysmetod. Resultatet är åtta (8) identifierade kategorier och åtta (8) underkategorier som klassificeras utifrån basbehov, uttalade behov och outtalade behov i Kanomodellen. Detta görs med hjälp av teorier avseende livskvalitet, främst objektiv och subjektiv livskvalitet. Studien visar vidare på att det finns stora likheter mellan forskningen om livskvalitet och kundnöjdhet samt likartade utmaningar i att mäta en subjektiv upplevelse och de bör kunna ta lärdomar av varandra. / The purpose of this study is to apply the Kano model of attractive quality and customer satisfaction in quality of life and thus also contribute to increase knowledge of quality of life as an area. By identifying factors about quality of life in three (3) organizations in the labor movement. This is a qualitative document study with an inductive approach and content analysis as analytical method. The result is eight (8) categories and eight (8) subcategories that are classified based on attractive, one-dimensional and must-be needs. This is done using theories of quality of life, primarily objective quality of life and subjective well-being. The study further shows that there are similarities between research on quality of life and customer satisfaction as well as similar challenges in measuring a subjective experience and they should be able to learn from each other / <p>2020-06-26</p>

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Både känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och subjektivt välbefinnande (SVB) anses först och främst inbegripa generella förhållningssätt till livet. Forskningen gällande inflytelsen av domänspecifika skalor i jämförelse med generella skalor är därför begränsad. Studiens huvudsyfte var att undersöka om det fanns en skillnad i förklarad varians mellan generell respektive domänspecifik KASAM i förhållande till generell respektive domänspecifik SVB. I studien ingick 71 universitetsstudenter. Data samlades in via enkäter som bestod av sex skalor varav tre generella skalor som mätte KASAM, livstillfredsställelse samt känsloupplevelser, och tre modifikationer av dessa skalor där de riktades mot universitetet som domän. Resultatet visade att skolrelaterad KASAM adderade en unik förklarad varians utöver det som förklarades av generell KASAM i prediktionen av skolrelaterad SVB, men inte i prediktionen av generell SVB. Fyndet indikerade att den skolrelaterad KASAM-skalan fick tillgång till specifika faktorer som den generella KASAM-skalan inte omfattade, vilket ger incitament att vidare undersöka om användningen av domänspecifika KASAM-skalor kan vara av värde inom andra områden.

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Syfte: Studiens övergripande syfte är att undersöka och analysera manifestationen av grit inom fastighetsmäklarbranschen och dess företagskultur, med särskilt fokus på dess påverkan på fastighetsmäklarnas subjektiva välbefinnande. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod med ett deduktivt synsätt, där data har samlats in genom en webbaserad enkät. Enkäten skickades ut till urvalet, bestående av 4 724 svenska fastighetsmäklare utifrån hela populationen på 7 465 fastighetsmäklare. Totalt samlades 371 svar in varav 365 svar var användbara. All data har analyserats i statistikprogrammet JASP. För att lyckas redovisa och tolka resultatet har deskriptiva analyser, korrelationsanalyser, T-tester samt ANOVA använts. Resultat och slutsats: Resultaten visar att en positiv företagskultur främjar medarbetarnas uthållighet, medan grit har en stark koppling till subjektivt välbefinnande. Demografiska faktorer som kön, ålder och erfarenhet påverkar också manifestationen av grit och välbefinnande bland fastighetsmäklare. Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie utökar den teoretiska förståelsen av sambandet mellan företagskultur, grit och subjektivt välbefinnande. Resultaten understryker vikten av en positiv företagskultur för att främja anställdas uthållighet och välbefinnande, vilket är avgörande för långsiktig framgång. På praktisk nivå erbjuder studien insikter för företag att förbättra sina anställdas välbefinnande och prestationer genom att anpassa arbetsmiljön efter demografiska variabler. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För vidare forskning rekommenderas longitudinella studier för att undersöka långsiktiga effekter av företagskultur på grit och välbefinnande. Ytterligare forskning kan fokusera på specifika aspekter av företagskultur och dess påverkan på arbetsmiljö och prestationer. Dessutom bör framtida studier inkludera bredare demografisk och geografisk variation för att generalisera resultaten till andra branscher och kulturella kontexter. / Aim: The overarching aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the manifestation of Grit within the real estate brokerage industry and its corporate culture, with a particular focus on its impact on the subjective well-being of real estate agents. Method: The study is based on a quantitative method with a deductive approach, where data was collected through a web-based survey. The survey was sent to a sample of 4 724 Swedish real estate agents from the entire population of 7 465 agents. A total of 371 responses were collected, of which 365 were usable. All data were analyzed using the statistical software JASP. To successfully present and interpret the results, descriptive analyses, correlation analyses, T-tests, and ANOVA were used. Result and conclusions: The results indicate that a positive corporate culture promotes employees' perseverance, while grit is strongly linked to subjective well-being. Demographic factors such as gender, age, and experience also influence the manifestation of grit and well-being among real estate agents. Contribution of the thesis: This study expands the theoretical understanding of the relationship between corporate culture, grit, and subjective well-being. The findings underscore the importance of a positive corporate culture in promoting employee resilience and well-being, which is crucial for long-term success. On a practical level, the study offers insights for companies to enhance their employees' well-being and performance by adapting the work environment to demographic variables. Suggestions for future research: Longitudinal studies are recommended for examining the long-term effects of corporate culture on grit and well-being. Additional research could focus on specific aspects of corporate culture and their impact on work environment and performance. Furthermore, future studies should incorporate broader demographic and geographic variations to generalize the findings to other industries and cultural contexts.

The aim of the study was to measure the presence of work engagement and wellbeing among Gestalt play therapists in South Africa. A literature study was undertaken to examine the concepts of work engagement and well-being, and a conceptual framework was given of the Gestalt play therapist and the work that they do with traumatized children within the South African context. This literature study forms the theoretical framework in which the study was done. After completion of the literature study, the empirical study was conducted. The researcher made use of a biographical questionnaire and four psychometric instruments to compile research data; it is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Scales of Psychological Well-being. The data obtained was quantatively analysed, research findings were discussed and recommendations were made. The empirical data indicated work engagement and well-being to be statistically significant present in Gestalt play therapists in South Africa. / M. Diac. (Play Therapy) / Social Work

本研究旨在探討正向心理介入方案對大學生正向心理的影響，以及正向心理介入方案、正向因應策略與主觀幸福感的關係。受試者為國立政治大學的大學生，有效樣本為130人。本研究採問卷調查法，施以情緒溫度計量表、主觀幸福感量表、臺灣憂鬱情緒量表、臺灣正向比量表、臺灣巔峰幸福感量表、靈性幸福感量表、正向因應策略量表及心理資本量表，並蒐集前測與後測資料。資料分析方法包含：成對樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、內容分析法及結構方程式模型。本研究主要發現如下： 一、在前、後測方面 （一）大學生在「主觀幸福感」、「主觀幸福感」分量表之「社會幸福感」及「情緒幸福感」、「情緒刻度」、「快樂時間」、「持平時間」、「正向因應策略」、「巔峰幸福感」、「巔峰幸福感」分量表之「正向機能」及「正向情緒」、「靈性幸福感」、「靈性幸福感」分量表之「團體靈性幸福感」、「環境靈性幸福感」及「超然靈性幸福感」、「正向比」、「心理資本」、「心理資本」分量表之「復原力」、「希望」及「樂觀」上有顯著差異。 二、在背景變項方面 （一）不同性別大學生在「正向心理介入方案」上有顯著差異。 （二）不同性別大學生在「負向情緒」上有顯著差異。 （三）不同年級大學生在各背景變項上皆無顯著差異。 三、在結構模式方面 （一）正向心理介入方案對正向因應策略有直接正向效果。 （二）正向心理介入方案對主觀幸福感有直接正向效果。 （三）正向因應策略對主觀幸福感有直接正向效果。 　　最後，研究者根據研究結果與討論，針對高等教育及未來研究提出若干建議。 / The main purpose of this study was to explore the positive psychology intervention effects on college students, and also the relationships among positive psychology interventions, positive coping strategies and subjective well-being. The participants included 130 college students sampled from National Chengchi University. The pretest and posttest data were both collected by questionnaires, including the Emotional Thermometer Scale, the Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Taiwan Depression Scale, the Taiwan Positivity Scale, the Taiwan Flourishing Scale, the Spirituality Well-Being Scale, the Positive Coping Scale, and the Psychological Capital Scale. Moreover, the data analysis was based on paired-samples t-test, independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, content analysis method, and SEM. The main results were summarized as follows: About the pretest and posttest: 1.Students were significantly different in the scores of subjective well-being, social well-being, emotional well-being, emotional degree, happy time, balanced time, positive coping strategy, flourishing well-being, positive function, positive emotion, spirituality well-being, group-spirituality well-being, environment-spirituality well-being, super spirituality well-being, positivity, psychological capital, resilience, hope, and optimism. About the background variables: 1. Students with different gender were significantly different in the scores of positive psychology interventions. 2. Students with different gender were significantly different in the scores of negative emotion. 3. Students with different grade were not significantly different in the scores of background variables. About the structural model: 1. Positive psychology interventions had positive influence on positive coping strategy directly. 2. Positive psychology interventions had positive influence on subjective well-being. 3. Positive coping had positive influence on subjective well-being. Based on the results and discussion of this study, directions of higher education and future research were suggested.

This thesis explores three major issues in the burgeoning empirical literature on the determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). While economic theory assumes that it is current consumption that matters to SWB, empirical work has focused almost exclusively on the effect of income. In Part 1, we use household panel data from Russia and Britain to show that neither the standard theoretical account, nor the standard empirical practice may be adequate. Consumption, income, and wealth each contribute separately to SWB, in particular via perceptions of status and anticipation of the future; and omitting consumption from SWB equations significantly understates the importance of money to SWB. Distinguishing between consumption and income is also important to identifying reference effects. In Part 2, we confirm earlier findings that others' income has a positive (informational) effect on SWB in Russia, but show that others' consumption has an offsetting negative (comparison) effect. The net effect depends on how we define individuals' reference groups. We develop a novel econometric model that lets us estimate these reference groups from the data. Contrary to previous results, we conclude that comparison dominates information. Most SWB analyses focus on the average effects of money, relationships, and other outcomes across a given population; yet there may be significant differences in what is important to different people. In Part 3, we employ parametric and semi-parametric random coefficient models to show that there are large differences in the determinants of individual SWB in Britain, and (in contrast to previous work) that such differences cannot simply be attributed to differences in individuals' reporting functions. While individual differences correlate with (some) observable demographic variables, they do not generally correlate with individuals' perceptions about what is important to them. The results of SWB research may therefore be a useful source of information.