Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-31T15:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-31T18:35:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T18:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / A presente pesquisa é uma análise documental que investiga os sites de instituições que oferecem atendimento aos usuários de drogas, lícitas ou ilícitas. Tem por objetivo delinear o perfil das instituições no Brasil que prestam assistência ao Dependente Químico e seus familiares, utilizando como ferramenta de busca as informações disponibilizadas nos sites da Web. Foi utilizado um formulário desenvolvido e aplicado pela própria pesquisadora para avaliar e compilar as informações acessíveis nos sites. O estudo observa que os sites se comunicam de maneira insuficiente, não contendo detalhamento adequado para apoiar a família e dependentes no processo de escolha do tratamento. Para a fundamentação teórica, abordou-se conceitos básicos sobre a Dependência Química, o Problema da Dependência Química na Perspectiva do Dependente e da Família e as Informações disponíveis sobre o Tratamento. Buscou-se confrontar os achados com a literatura pertinente. Os resultados evidenciaram a prevalência de instituições privadas, nas quais o principal modelo de intervenção é a abstinência. O gênero masculino tem predominância entre os dependentes, assim como, o internamento voluntário. A pesquisa evidenciou que as informações disponibilizadas através dos sites não são satisfatórias, muitas são superficiais, sem maiores detalhamentos do tratamento e serviço oferecidos. / The present research is a documentary analysis that investigates the sites of institutions that offer services to drug users, licit or illicit. It aims to outline the profile of the institutions in Brazil that provide assistance to the Chemical Dependent and their families, using as a search tool the information made available on the Web sites. A form developed and applied by the researcher was used to evaluate and compile the accessible information on the sites. The study notes that sites communicate poorly, not containing adequate detail to support the family and dependents in the process of choosing treatment. For the theoretical basis, we approached basic concepts about Chemical Dependency, the Problem of Chemical Dependence in the Dependent and Family Perspective, and the available Information about Treatment. We sought to confront the findings with relevant literature. The results showed the prevalence of private institutions, in which the main intervention model is abstinence. The male gender has a predominance among the dependents, as well as voluntary hospitalization. The research evidenced that the information made available through the sites is not satisfactory, many are superficial, without further details of the treatment and service offered.

INTRODUÇÃO: A dependência química engloba alterações comportamentais, cognitivas e fisiológicas. A impulsividade está presente em muitos transtornos psiquiátricos. Sobre a impulsividade na dependência química de cocaína, os estudos existentes são relativamente novos. A Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana de repetição (EMTr) é um método capaz de neuromodular o cérebro. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da EMTr sobre a impulsividade em dependentes de cocaína. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo randomizado, duplamente encoberto, 25 pacientes diagnosticados pelo DSM-IV-TR foram tratados com EMTr de alta frequência ativa (1250 pulsos/dia) ou EMTr placebo. O tratamento consistiu em 1 mês de aplicação de EMTr seguido de 2 meses em acompanhamento ambulatorial semanal em um grupo de prevenção de recaídas. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes do início do tratamento com EMTr (T0) e após o término das aplicações (T1), através dos instrumentos: The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire, The Schalling Impulsivity Scale e The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: 25 pacientes foram tratados e a análise dos dados demonstraram redução nos índices de impulsividade em ambos os grupos ao longo do tempo, porém, quando comparados entre si, os valores de interação não se mostraram significativos. CONCLUSÃO: Os efeitos da EMTr não diferiram em eficácia terapêutica na redução da impulsividade em dependentes de cocaína, com o efeito ativo correspondendo com o placebo / INTRODUCTION: Chemical addiction involves behavioral, cognitive and physiological alterations. Impulsivity is present in many psychiatric disorders. Studies about impulsivity and cocaine chemical addiction are relatively new. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (EMTr) is a method capable of neuromodulation the brain. This study evaluated the effects of EMTr over impulsivity in cocaine addicts. METHODS: This is a randomized doubly covert study with 25 patients diagnosed by the DSM-IV-TR who were treated with active high frequency EMTr (1250 pulses/day) or placebo. Treatment was consisted of one month of application of EMTr followed by 2 months of clinical follow-up in a relapse prevention group. Patients were evaluated before the treatment with EMTr (T0) and after the end of the applications (T1), through the instruments: The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire, The Schalling Impulsivity Scale and The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire. RESULTS: 25 patients were treated and data analysis showed a reduction in the levels of impulsivity in both groups throughout the time. However, group comparisons did not show statistical differences. CONCLUSION: EMTr\'s effects did not differ in terms of therapeutical efficacy in the reduction of impulsivity in cocaine addicts

OBJECTIF : Un fréquent recours aux services de l'urgence hospitalière (SU) pour des troubles mentaux (TM) est coûteux pour les finances publiques, il contribue à l'engorgement des urgences, et n’améliore pas toujours l’état de santé de l’usager de ces services. Ce mémoire porte sur les raisons évoquées pour le recours fréquent aux SU par les patients qualifiés de grands utilisateurs (≥3 visites/an) et ayant des TM courants (TMC) (par ex. troubles dépressifs, troubles anxieux, troubles de comportement), des troubles liés aux substances psychoactives (TLS) (par ex. intoxication, troubles induits par une substance, dépendance) ou des TMC-TLS concomitants. Leurs perspectives sont comparées et les aspects identifiés par les patients comme aidant à réduire leur recours aux SU sont examinés. MÉTHODOLOGIE : S’inscrivant dans un projet de recherche d’envergure financé par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC), les données de 42 grands utilisateurs des SU avec TMC, TLS ou TMC-TLS concomitants ont été collectées, en 2021-2022, basées sur des entrevues semi-dirigées et un examen des dossiers médicaux des patients. Le recrutement des patients s’est effectué dans deux SU du Québec (Canada). Cette étude qualitative s’est fondée sur l’analyse de contenu. RÉSULTATS : Globalement, les principales raisons évoquées expliquant le grand recours aux SU étaient rattachées à des facteurs liés au système de santé mentale (par ex. l’adéquation, l’accessibilité et la continuité des soins), aux profils des patients (par ex. les problèmes biopsychosociaux urgents et récurrents, les systèmes de soutien et les capacités individuelles) et aux pratiques professionnelles des cliniciens (par ex. leur connaissance et leur aisance avec les TM, la qualité des échanges avec les patients et la collaboration entre les cliniciens). Des interactions complexes entre ces différents facteurs sont rapportées et celles-ci semblent entraver le processus de III rétablissement des patients et perpétuent des cycles menant à une fréquente utilisation des SU. Quelques différences significatives ont aussi émergé entre les trois groupes de patients. Les patients souffrant de TMC se sont distingués par d'importantes barrières d’accès aux soins ambulatoires et des besoins non satisfaits, alors que les patients souffrant de TLS se sont démarqués principalement par leur manque de confiance dans les services ambulatoires, ainsi qu’en eux-mêmes, tandis que ceux souffrant de TMC-TLS par des problèmes de coordination des soins. CONCLUSION : Les résultats mettent en relief la nécessité d’investir davantage dans le système de santé mentale du Québec afin d’améliorer l’accès aux services ambulatoires, la collaboration entre les prestataires de soins et la continuité de soins diversifiés auprès des patients après l’utilisation des SU, ainsi que plus de traitements intégrés pour les TM-TLS. Les pratiques en santé mentale, fondées sur les données probantes, ont besoin d’être encore plus consolidées dans les soins primaires et conformément au modèle de soins chroniques. Ce qui inclus de meilleurs outils de détection précoce des TM et TLS, des modèles de soins par étapes, ainsi que des formations orientées vers le patient, pour la gestion des symptômes. Les grands utilisateurs des SU bénéficieraient ainsi d’une surveillance accrue, de l’élargissement des plans individualisés de soins et des gestionnaires de cas, ainsi que des formations continues en santé mentale offertes aux cliniciens des soins primaires. / AIMS: High emergency department (ED) use for mental disorders is costly for public finances, contributes to ED overcrowding and does not always improve the health status of the ED user. This dissertation investigates the reasons given for the frequent use of ED by patients qualified as high users (≥3 visits/year) and having common mental disorders (CMD) (e.g., depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders), substance-related disorders (SRD) (e.g., intoxication, substance-induced disorders, dependance) or co-occurring CMD-SRD. Their perspectives are compared, and aspects identified by patients as helpful to reduce their ED use are examined. METHODOLOGY: As part of a large research project funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), data from 42 high ED users with CMD, SRD or co-occurring CMD-SRD were collected, between 2021-2022, based on semi-structured interviews and examination of patients’ medical records. Patients were recruited from two large ED in Quebec (Canada). This qualitative study was based on content analysis. RESULTS: Overall, the main reasons reported for high ED use were linked to factors related to the mental healthcare system (e.g., adequacy, accessibility and continuity of care), patient profiles (e.g., urgent and recurrent biopsychosocial problems, support systems and individual disabilities) and clinicians’ professional practices (e.g., knowledge and comfort with mental disorders, quality of exchanges with patients and collaboration between clinicians). Complex interplay between these different factors is reported, hindering patient recovery process and perpetuating cycles leading to high ED use. Few notable differences also emerged between the three groups of patients. Patients with CMD were faced with important barriers to outpatient care and unmet needs, while patients with SRD mostly distinguished by their lower trust in outpatient services, as well as in their self-efficacy, and those V with MD-SRD struggled with care coordination issues. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the need for greater investment in Quebec’s mental healthcare system to improve access to outpatient care, collaboration between care providers and continuity of diversified care after ED use, with more integrated MD-SRD treatment. Evidence-based mental health practices need to be further consolidated in primary care and according to the chronic care model. This includes better MD and SRD early detection, stepped-care model along with patient symptoms management training could help prevent ED use. High ED users would also benefit more extensive monitoring, the deployment of individual care plan and case management, as well as more continuous mental health training for primary care clinicians.