Background: Aphasia is a language disorder that usually occurs after a brain injury. It is common for the disease to occur in connection with stroke. In Sweden, approximately 8,000 - 10,000 people suffer from aphasia each year, thirty-five percent of them are middle-aged and active. Patients with aphasia have difficulty communicating, which affects several different aspects of the individual's daily life. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to describe experiences of communication in daily life in patients with aphasia due to stroke. Method: The literature review was performed according to Friberg's model, based on qualitative scientific articles collected from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete during the period 2005–2020. Results: The results from twelvescientific articles were used to describe experiences of communication in the daily life of patients with aphasia. This was divided into three main themes: Disease suffering, life suffering and care suffering. The first theme was divided into four different subthemes, the second theme was divided into two subthemes and the third theme had no subthemes. The result was experiences of losing friends, roles in communities and in the family. Changed world of life, led to despair and anger. Many experienced sadness and loneliness. Close relatives and their partners played a significant role in making them feel well. Conclusion: The literature study has shown the importance of communication in the patient's everyday life and conveyed the greatest responsibility that both healthcare staff and society have for treating patients with aphasia, which contributes to a better quality of life.

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Cheri Huber is a contemporary American Zen Buddhist interested in the relation between self-hate and suffering. Her style is aphoristic, loosely organized, and in her own words, "a swirling mass of notions." My paper organizes her scattered ideas on suffering and self-hate into a coherent system. Her views on self-hate and suffering sometimes make us uncomfortable. In one of her early works, she points out that, after presenting her thoughts to people, "they tend to not want to talk to us anymore." After explaining her views on self-hate and suffering, I will explain why we occasionally react with uneasiness to her observations. That explanation is based on recent research on hidden and implicit bias.

Objective. To characterize the impact of COVID-19 transitions on first professional year (P1) students’ domain-specific and overall well-being. Methods. All P1 students (N=74) enrolled at one college of pharmacy self-reported their career, community, financial, physical, social, and overall well-being on a weekly basis from January 6 through April 27, 2020. Parametric statistical tests and effect sizes were used to compare well-being scores pre-transition and post-transition and to compare well-being scores to a previous cohort of P1 students. Results. Mean well-being scores decreased when comparing pre-transition vs post-transition scores, with effect sizes ranging from dav=.16 for financial well-being to dav=.84 for social well-being. The average percent of students that reported struggling increased by 86.1% (16.8% vs 31.2%) post-tran-sition, and the average percent of students that reported suffering post-transition was 351% higher (1.3% vs 6%) than pre-transition. Conclusion. Pharmacy students’ domain specific and overall well-being significantly decreased with COVID-19-related transitions. The percentage of students reporting struggling or suffering significantly increased post-transition.

Bakgrund: Cervixcancer är ett globalt hälsoproblem och fjärde vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor. Beroende på vilket cancerstadium kvinnorna befinner sig i erbjuds olika behandlingsalternativ. Sjuksköterskor ska arbeta utifrån ett holistiskt förhållningssätt och har ansvar att stötta och informera kvinnor som drabbats av cervixcancer. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av stöd i samband med cervixcancer. Metod: För att besvara syftet genomfördes en litteraturöversikt med en kvalitativ och induktiv ansats. En systematisk informationssökning efterföljdes i tre databaser med fokus på omvårdnad. Det genomfördes en noggrann granskning och sammanställning av de tio kvalitativa resultatartiklarna som analyserades utifrån en innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom de två följande huvudkategorierna: (1) Upplevelser av viktiga delar i omvårdnad vid cervixcancer och (2) Kvinnors upplevelse av stöd från närstående och andra drabbade. Följande sex underkategorier presenteras: Det informativa stödet gällande diagnos och behandling; Upplevelser av stöd från sjuksköterskan; Kvinnors upplevelse av stöd gällande sexualitet; Att förstå kvinnors emotionella lidande; Stöd från närstående; Stöd från andra drabbade. Konklusion: Det framkom att många kvinnor som lider av cervixcancer uppleverbristande stöd från sjuksköterskor. Kvinnorna betonar att bristande kommunikation och empati försämrar livskvalitén. Däremot framkommer det att vissa kvinnor upplever sjuksköterskans stöd som hjälpsamt. Närstående och andra drabbade var två viktiga källor till känslomässigt stöd och ökat välbefinnande. / Background: Cervical cancer is a global health problem and the fourth most common form of cancer among women. Depending on which cancer stage the women are in they are offered different medical treatments. Nurses are meant to work through a holistic approach and are also responsible for supporting and informing women who have been affected by cervical cancer. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate women´s experiences of support in conjunction with cervical cancer. Method: A literature review was conducted with a qualitative and inductive approach. A systematic informational search was observed in three databases with a focus on nursing. A thorough review and compilation of the teen qualitative result articles was carried out, which was analyzed on the basis of a content analysis. Result: In the results emerged the two main categories: (1) Experiences of important parts of nursing in cervical cancer and (2) women’s experiences with support from relatives and others affected by the disease. The following six subcategories are presented: Informative support for diagnosis and treatment; Experiences of support from the nurse; Women's experience of support regarding sexuality; Understanding women's emotional suffering; Support from relatives; Support from others affected by the disease. Conclusion: There emerged that many women who suffer from cervical cancer experience a lack of support from nurses. The women emphasize that lack of communication and empathy degrades the quality of life. On the other hand, it appears that some women find the nurse's support helpful. Relatives and others affected by the disease were two important sources of emotional support and increased well-being.

By examining critically poems in which Sylvia Plath’s speakers appear as daughters, wives, and mothers, this study situates Plath as an artist operating within Romantic and Modernist traditions of exemplary suffering. The thesis offers, on the one hand, a line of inquiry that accounts in part for the nature of the enduring Romantic interest in Plath, the synonymy of her cultural iconicity with pain or struggle, the way she has been read as an exemplary sufferer. On the other, it indicates Plath’s own self-conscious involvement in the Romantic tradition, the way she participates in and complicates that lineage by imbuing it with Modernist, feminist concerns. The thesis thus clarifies some vital, historico-artistic dimensions of Plath’s position as artistic sufferer (what qualifies it as exemplary), and scrutinizes the workings of suffering within the selected poems, the specifics of Plath’s exemplarity. Three thematic banners spanning across the poetic body of work are demarcated: representations of the daughter, representations of the wife, representations of the mother. All three denote major sites of conflict (agons), sites of struggle. They make for volatile, generative, provocative loci showing poetic engagements with suffering; as such, they highlight the gendered nature of the preoccupation. These categories are investigated as evolving narratives, trajectories that can be traced from the early stages of Plath’s poetic career right up until its end. Within each category special attention, in the form of a close reading, is given to select poems regarded as emblematic of a particular facet in the unfurling narrative. The study maps out and evaluates the manifestations, forms, and functions of a suffering whose genesis lies in prominent literary-historical traditions. / Thesis (PhD (English))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / English / PhD (English) / Restricted

Bakgrund I Sverige lever idag cirka 50 000 personer av venösa bensår och det är framför allt äldre personer som är drabbade. Patienter blir utsatta för fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt lidande, därtill upplevelse av vården samt ekonomiska konsekvenser. I vårdrelationen mellan patient och vårdgivare finns en viss risk att sjuksköterskor enbart fokuserar på såren och inte möter patientens unika behov. Denna studie fokuserar på de vardagliga upplevelserna av patienter med venösa bensår. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva med venösa bensår. Metod En litteraturöversikt används som metod i denna studie. Aktuell forskning i form av kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som bygger på empiriska studier söktes och granskades kritiskt, för att sedan sammanställas i en bedömninsgsmall. Vid sökning användes databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Sökorden som användes i datainsamlingen var "venous ulcer", "experience", "quality of life" och "suffering". Totalt 16 artiklar inkluderades i resultatet. Resultat Resultatet sammanställdes i tre teman. Dessa teman var "Upplevelse av ångest och depression på grund av smärta och lukt från såret", "Smärta, lukt och läckage leder till social isolering och minskad funktionsförmåga" och "Beroende av sjukvård och närstående leder till förlorad självbestämmande". Slutsats Patienter med venösa bensår har en rad olika upplevelser som sammanhänger och påverkar varandra. Att sjuksköterskan lyssnar och visar empati för patientens egen upplevelse kan ge effektiv symptomlindring och kan vara avgörande för förbättring av livskvalitet för denna patientgrupp. Att ha ett holistiskt synsätt på patienten ökar sjuksköterskans möjlighet att utforma vården utifrån patientens upplevelser och därmed lindra lidande.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24793号 / 医博第4985号 / 新制||医||1066(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 阪上 優, 教授 松村 由美, 教授 佐藤 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis will analyze José Clemente Orozco's mural The Epic of American Civilization in terms of the problem of suffering. It will focus specifically on two panels, “Human Sacrifice in Ancient Times” and “Human Sacrifice in Modern Times.” This analysis will comprehend not only the works of art within their historical context, but also within Martin Heidegger's philosophical discussion of the question of suffering. Heidegger presents a unique perspective on the question of human suffering when he writes that Western humans have forgotten how to “dwell.” This dwelling is defined by Heidegger's novel conception of ontology as relational rather than individualistic. According to this theory, humans must identify themselves through their associations, both with other people and with things. Without these associations, humans are not be able to escape the anxiety associated with suffering and death brought about by the isolating effects of Western modernity. A discussion of Mexico provides a practical example of the complexities of the question of dwelling in Western thought. At the time Orozco was painting his mural, Mexican identity was rapidly fragmenting. In the decades after the Mexican Revolution, many artists wrestled with the concept of Mexican identity, and it was in this time of flux that Orozco offered his interpretation of the cyclical progress of humanity. The two paintings depict two forms of suffering, which this paper will refer to as a “good” and a “bad” death. This nomenclature is not strictly accurate as neither form could be said to be desirable in any concrete way. Consequently a Rivera painting (“Revolution – Germination”) will also be presented that suggests an ideal death. However, the focus will remain on Orozco's paintings. Of course, in his own paintings Orozco is not endorsing the act of human sacrifice. However, because of differences in their composition, they suggest not only a cyclic pattern to human history, but also a downward progression where the persistent problems of violence and suffering in human societies have grown more difficult and complicated since the advent of modernity. As Orozco's paintings seem to suggest and Heidegger will argue, the solution to the isolating ‘bad death’ is learning to live relationally. These relationships comprehend the social and the cultural, but the focus will be on the ecological and the divine, because, as several critics will argue, these are the greatest deficiencies in modernity.