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On the 4th of July 2012, the discovery of a new scalar particle with a mass of order 125 GeV was announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. An important era is now opening: the precise determination of the properties of the produced particle. This is of extreme importance in order to establish that this particle is indeed the relic of the mechanism responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking and to pin down effects of new physics if additional ingredients beyond those of the Standard Model are involved in the symmetry breaking mechanism. In this thesis we have tried to understand and characterize to which extent this new scalar field is the Standard Model Higgs Boson and set the implications of this discovery in the context of Supersymmetric theories and dark matter models.In a first part devoted to the Standard Model of particle physics, we discuss the Higgs pair production processes at the LHC and the main output of our results is that they al-low for the determination of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling which represents a first important step towards the reconstruction of the Higgs potential and thus the final verifica-tion of the Higgs mechanism as the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking.The second part is about Supersymmetric theories. After a review of the topics one of our result is to set strong restrictions on Supersymmetric models after the Higgs discov-ery. We also introduce a new approach which would allow experimentalists to efficiently look for supersymmetric heavy Higgs bosons at current and next LHC runs.The third part concerns dark matter. We present results which give strong constraints on Higgs-portal models. We finally discuss alternative non-thermal dark matter scenario. Firstly, we demonstrate that there exists a tight link between the reheating temperature and the scheme of the Standard Model gauge group breaking and secondly we study the genesis of dark matter by a Z' portal.

Detector mis-modelling or hardware problems may cause an excess of Missing Transverse Energy (MET) to be inferred in physics events recorded in ATLAS, leading to higher than expected backgrounds for new physics. In particular, non-Gaussian tails in the MET distribution are unlikely to be well modelled in Monte Carlo simulations. To account for this, a technique has been established to improve the background predictions derived from Monte Carlo simulations. This is done using a correction derived through comparison of control samples in data and Monte Carlo simulation. Two different control samples are used to create the correction, giving a range of predictions for the shape of the MET tail and aiding the calculation of systematic errors. This technique is then applied to several samples which are potential backgrounds to new physics which give detector signatures which include MET. / Graduate

This thesis deals with Dark Matter (DM) properties, mainly in the context of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). First, it is examined whether a neutralino in the NMSSM could explain a monochromatic photon excess possibly present in the Fermi-LAT data. It is shown that neutralino pair annihilation with a CP-odd Higgs exchanged in s-channel can, in principle, give rise to a sufficiently large cross section. Asymmetric dark matter models, aiming at the explanation of the coincidence of present-day DM and baryon abundances, are also discussed. Upper bounds on DM self-annihilation cross section, which can potentially destroy the DM asymmetry, are derived and applied to a variety of models. Finally, a supersymmetric model is proposed, providing sneutrinos as viable asymmetric DM and explaining the smallness of neutrino masses. Bounds on this model from particle physics, cosmology and DM searches are studied.

This work presents a study of the discovery potential for the neutral supersymmetric Higgs bosons h/A/H decaying to tau pairs with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The study is based on Monte Carlo samples which are scaled to state-of-the-art cross sections. The analyses are designed assuming an integrated luminosity of 30 1/fb and a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 14 TeV. The results are interpreted in the mmax h benchmark scenario. Two final states are analyzed: The dileptonic channel where the two tau leptons decay to electrons or muons and the lepton-hadron channel where one tau decays to an electron or muon and the other tau decays to hadrons. The study of the dilepton channel is based completely on the detailed ATLAS simulation, the analysis of the lepton-hadron channel is based on the fast simulation. The collinear approximation is used to reconstruct the Higgs boson mass and its performance is studied. Cuts are optimized in order to discriminate the signal from background and to maximize the discovery potential given a certain Higgs boson mass hypothesis. In the lepton-hadron channel the selection is split into two analyses depending on the number of identified b-jets. Procedures to estimate the dominant backgrounds from data are studied. The shape and normalization of the Z to tautau background are estimated from Z to leptonlepton control regions. The ttbar contributions to the signal regions are estimated from ttbar control regions. The individual analyses are combined and sensitivity predictions are made depending on the Higgs boson mass mA and the coupling parameter tanβ. The light neutral MSSM Higgs bosons with mA = 150 GeV can be discovered when at least tanbeta = 11 is realized in nature. The heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons with mA = 800 GeV can be discovered for tanbeta ≥ 44. However, due to the large width of the reconstructed Higgs boson mass and the mass degeneration, only the sum of at least two of the three Higgs boson signals will be visible.

L’algorithme covariant de van Holten, servant à construire des quantités conservées, est présenté avec une attention particulière portée sur les vecteurs de type Runge-Lenz. La dynamique classique des particules portant des charges isospins est passée en revue. Plusieurs applications physiques sont considérées. Des champs de type monopôles non-Abéliens,générés par des mouvements nucléaires dans les molécules diatomiques, introduites parMoody, Shapere et Wilczek, sont étudiées. Dans le cas des espaces courbes, le formalisme de van Holten permet de décrire la symétrie dynamique des monopôles Kaluza-Klein généralisés. La procédure est étendue à la supersymétrie et appliquée aux monopôles supersymétriques.Une autre application, concernant l’oscillateur non-commutatif en dimension trois, est également traitée. / Van Holten’s covariant algorithm for deriving conserved quantities is presented, with particular attention paid to Runge-Lenz-type vectors. The classical dynamics of isospin-carrying particles is reviewed. Physical applications including non-Abelian monopole-type systems in diatoms, introduced by Moody, Shapere and Wilczek, are considered. Applied to curved space, the formalism of van Holten allows us to describe the dynamical symmetries of generalized Kaluza-Klein monopoles. The framework is extended to supersymmetry and applied to the SUSY of the monopoles. Yet another application concerns the three-dimensional non-commutative oscillator.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alysson Fábio Ferrari / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2016. / Nesta tese nosso objetivo foi estudar a Quebra Dinâmica de Simetria (QDS) em uma teoria de Chern-Simons supersimétrica em (2 + 1) dimensões acoplada a N supercampos de matéria, no formalismos dos supercampos. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos um mecanismo para calcular o superpotencial efetivo Keff (¿cl, ¿) , onde ¿cl é um supercampo de fundo e ¿ o parâmetro de calibre que é introduzido no processo de quantização da teoria. Potenciais efetivos dependentes do parâmetro de calibre já foram estudados no contexto da teoria quântica de campos, e podem levar a consequências não triviais para o estudo da QDS em teorias de calibre. Portanto, nós não assumimos de princípio a invariância de calibre dos resultados em nosso modelo, como usualmente é feito na literatura. Nós desenvolvemos o formalismo das identidades de Nielsen na linguagem dos supercampos, que é o formalismo apropriado para o estudo da QDS quando o potencial efetivo depende do calibre. Nós também discutimos como podemos calcular o potencial efetivo a partir da Equação de Grupo de Renormalização (EGR), a partir do conhecimento das funções de grupo de renormalização, i.e., funções ¿ e dimensão anômala ". Desenvolvemos um cálculo detalhado destas funções a dois laços da teoria de perturbação, encontrando que estas não dependem do parâmetro ¿, e portanto, usando a EGR, calculamos o superpotencial Keff, mostrando que ele é também independente de ¿. Então nós discutimos o aprimoramento no cálculo de Keff somando os termos "logaritmos líderes", e comparamos este aprimoramento com aquele obtido na versão não supersimétrica do modelo. Finalmente, fizemos o estudo da QDS encontrando que ela é operacional para todos os valores razoáveis dos parâmetros livres, enquanto que o aprimoramento obtido pela EGR em geral só produz uma pequena correção quantitativa nos resultados, ao invés da dramática mudança qualitativa encontrada em modelos não supersimétricos. / In this thesis we study the Dynamical Symmetry Breaking (DSB) mechanism in a supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory in (2 + 1) dimensions coupled to N matter superfields in the superfield formalism. For this purpose, we developed a mechanism to calculate the effective superpotencial Keff (¿cl, ¿), where ¿cl is a background superfield, and ¿ a gaugefixing parameter that is introduced in the quantization process. The possible dependence of the effective potential on the gauge parameter have been studied in the context of quantum field theory, and it can have nontrivial consequences to the study of DSB in gauge theories. Therefore, we did not assume from the start the gauge independence of the effective potential in our model, as it is customary in the literature. We developed the formalism of the Nielsen identities in the superfield language, which is the appropriate formalism to study DSB when the effective potential is gauge dependent. We also discuss how to calculate the effective superpotential via the Renormalization Group Equation (RGE) from the knowledge of the renormalization group functions of the theory, i.e., ¿ functions and anomalous dimensions ". We perform a detailed calculation of these functions at two loops, finding that these do not depend on ¿, and therefore, by using the RGE, we calculate the effective superpotencial Keff, showing that it is also independen of ¿. Then we discuss the improvement of the calculation of Keff by summing up leading logarithms, and we compare this improvement with the one obtained in the non supersymmetric version of the model. Finally, we study the DSB finding that it is operational for all reasonable values of the free parameters, while the improvement obtained from the RGE in general only produces a small quantitative correction in the results, instead of the more dramatic qualitative change found in non supersymmetric models.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardona_sah_me_ift.pdf: 677122 bytes, checksum: ef4eda2c094c5339bde81ff781b3d4cd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A supersimetria é um tópico importante na física teórica atual. Em particular, tem-se dedicado grande esforço no estudo das extensões supersimétricas do Modelo Padrão (SM) desde a década de 80. A incorporação da supersimetria no SM resulta em uma grande quantidade de modelos. O modelo com o conteúdo mínimo de partículas assim como de interações é chamado o Modelo Mínimo Supersimétrico (MSSM). DEvido à supersimetria, todos os modelos supersimétricos apresentam diferenças com relação ao SM. A principal delas, além do conteúdo de partículas, está no setor de Higgs. Em particular, o setor de Higgs do modelo MSSM contem cinco graus de liberdade (cinco bósons de Higgs), diferentemente do SM, que contem apenas um bóson de Higgs. Outra diferença importante no caso do MSSM deve-se à mistura dos estados associados pela supersimetria aos bósons de Gauge e aos bósons de Higgs, chamados gauginos e higgsinos respectivamente, cujos autoestados de massa são conhecidos como charginos e neutralinos. Estas partículas desempenham um papel fundamental na possível descoberta da supersimetria na escala de energia de TeV's. / Supersymmetry is a fundamental topic in the actual theoretical physics. In particular, since the 80's, huge efforts have been done studying the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (SM). Including supersymmetry in the SM generates a great amount of models. Among all of these, there is one that involves the minimum number of particles and interactions. This model is known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Due to the incorporation of supersymmetry, all the extensions have differences in relation with the SM. The most remarkable one, beyond the particles content, lies in the Higgs sector. Particularly, in the MSSM Higg's sector there are five degrees of freedom (five Higgs bosons), in contrast with the SM (just one). Another difference is related wit the higgsino and gaugino mixture. This result in the presence of mass eigenstates known as charginos and neutralinos. The later particles play a fundamental role in the possible test of supersymmetry at the TeV's scales.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rmc_me_ift.pdf: 461180 bytes, checksum: 92f4f89859c7a0a67572084d80b54ceb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste estudo iremos aplicar supersimetria em teorias como mecânica quântica, teoria de cordas e teoria de campos em D = 3. Apesar de todas essas teorias terem aplicações em campos completamente diferentes iremos encontrar semelhanças entre elas através da algebra supersimétrica. Discutiremos tamb em vários resultados que supersimetrização traz para cada uma dessas teorias / In this study we'll use supersymmetry in diferent theories like quantum mechanics, string theory and eld theory in D = 3. Although all these theories have aplication in diferent areas of physics, we'll nd similarities among them. To nish we'll discuss some results that supersymmetry bring to each of these theories

Através do formalismo de supercampos, estudamos as propriedades ultravioletas da eletrodinâmica quântica supersimétrica no espaço-tempo tridimensional. Mostramos que esta teoria é finita em todas as ordens de perturbação num calibre particular. Também apresentamos uma análise perturbativa do modelo de Chern-Simons supersimétrico acoplado a um supercampo escalar complexo. Com isso, estudamos a quebra da simetria de calibre U(1) e calculamos as primeiras correções quânticas à ação efetiva na fase quebrada. Mostramos que a renormalização da equação de gap é suficiente para assegurar a renormalizabilidade do modelo em um laço de aproximação. Nós também verificamos que quando acoplado a um supercampo escalar sem massa, o modelo de Chern-Simons supersimétrico apresenta geração dinâmica de massa, um mecanismo que em D = 2 + 1 dimensões do espaço-tempo, diferentemente do modelo não-supersimétrico quadridimensional (Coleman- Weinberg), só ocorre a partir da aproximação de dois laços. Alguns outros resultados relacionados são também incluídos nesta tese, tais como um estudo do modelo CP**(N-1) não-comutativo supersimétrico e a equivalência entre os modelos de Maxwell-Chern-Simons e Auto-Dual supersimétricos. Em todo nosso trabalho, supersimetria é manifesta. / Within the superfield formalism, we study the ultraviolet properties of the three-dimensional supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics. The theory is shown to be finite at all loops orders in a particular gauge. We also present a perturbative analysis of the supersymmetric Chern-Simons model coupled to a Higgs field. We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the U(1) gauge symmetry and evaluate the first quantum corrections to the effective action in the broken phase. We show that the infinite renormalization of the gap equation is enough to ensure the renormalizability of the model at the first loop level. We also verify that when coupled to a massless scalar superfield, the supersymmetric Chern-Simons model present dynamical generation of mass, a mechanism that in D = 2 + 1 spacetime dimensions, differently from the four-dimensional non-supersymetric model (Coleman-Weinberg), only occurs from two-loop order. Some other related results are also enclosed in this thesis, such as a study of the supersymmetric noncommutative CP**(N-1) model and the equivalence between Maxwell-Chern-Simons and Self-Dual supersymmetric models. In whole work, supersymmetry is manifest.