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Richard Francis Burton e a inserção do kama-sutras como um manual sexual entre os vitorianos (Inglaterra, 1883) / Richard Francis Burton and the insertion of kama-sutras became a sexual manual amongst victorians (England, 1883)Weissheimer, Felipe Salvador 13 March 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Amongst the various Kama-sutras published in the market, the classical version was written by Vatsyayana (I-IV centuries, approximately) and published in England in 1883 by the Kama-Shastra Hindu Society. Richard Francis Burton was the member with most importance in the Kama-Shastra Hindu Society, given that he not only fomented the publication, but also helped with the translation, edited and uttered several comments during the work. In his comments, we can notice how the project of translation and publication of the Kama-sutras pointed specially towards the institution of new sexual practices to his contemporaries. For him, mattered not only to know the other , but also to learn with the other , and the discourse of Vatsyayana was built by him in this learning manual . From the Kama-sutras, Burton imagined an exotic East , carrier of sexual and erotic knowledge. This imagined community by the translator-commentator created a discursive effect of considerable stimulus over the affective dispositions of the readers, fact that reinforced his ideological action of Victorian erotic and sexual practices transformation. Burton thought that the Kama-sutras was important for Englishmen, for it contained many new and interesting things about the union of sexes . Moreover, he observed that the ignorance about sex led Englishmen to not fully enjoy marital delights, as well as not completely satisfying the sexual desires of their wives. Thus, we notice that there was an immanent sense in the discourse of Burton about Indian past, in which the translator-commentator sought for the intent of reaching the truth about Indian past, strike English reality at the end of the 19th century. In the analysis of the extracts from those involved in the translation and publication of Kama-sutras, there can be seen, for instance, the existence of legal interdictions, such as those promulgated by the Obscene Publications Act of 1857, which regulated the publications of an erotic and sexual sort. Besides, after a historiographical review and taking the reports of those involved in the production of the Kama-sutras as a source, we have seen that the conflicts between the producers of the Kama-sutras and the guardians of chastity (who fought the so called obscene publications ) happened, above all, in the bosom of the bourgeois class, even if it was not an exclusively bourgeois conflict. In this sense, we analyze (not only the English translation of the Kama-sutra, but also other texts that were at the tangle of relationships interdiscursive), the representations, interventions and disciplines, social and culturally constructed in England in the late nineteenth century, that focused on bodies and on the identities of the Victorians / Dentre os vários Kama-sutras difundidos no mercado, a versão clássica foi escrita por Vatsyayana (século I-IV, aproximadamente) e publicada na Inglaterra em 1883 pela Sociedade Hindu Kama-Shastra. Richard Francis Burton foi o membro de maior importância na Sociedade Hindu Kama-Shastra, pois, além de fomentar a publicação, auxiliou na tradução, editou e enunciou vários comentários ao longo da obra. Em seus comentários, percebemos que o projeto da tradução e publicação do Kama-sutras visava em especial à instituição de novas práticas sexuais aos seus contemporâneos. Para ele, importava não apenas conhecer o outro , mas aprender com o outro , e o discurso de Vatsyayana foi constituído por ele neste manual de aprendizagem . A partir do Kama-sutras, Burton imaginou um Oriente exótico , portador de conhecimentos sexuais e eróticos. Este Oriente exótico do tradutor-comentador criou um efeito discursivo de considerável estímulo sobre as disposições afetivas dos leitores, fato que reforçou sua ação ideológica de transformação das práticas eróticas e sexuais dos vitorianos. Burton achava que o Kama-sutras era importante para os ingleses, pois continha muitas coisas novas e interessantes sobre a união dos sexos . Além disso, observava que a ignorância acerca do sexo levava o homem inglês a não desfrutar totalmente dos prazeres matrimoniais, além de não satisfazer plenamente os desejos sexuais de sua esposa. Assim, percebemos que havia um sentido imanente ao discurso de Burton sobre o passado indiano, no qual o tradutor-comentador buscou pela pretensão de se alcançar a verdade sobre o passado indiano, atingir a realidade inglesa do final do século XIX. Nas análises dos relatos dos envolvidos na tradução e publicação do Kama-sutras, constatamos, por exemplo, a existência de interdições legais, tais como as promulgadas pela Lei de Publicações Obscenas de 1857, que regulavam as publicações de cunho erótico e sexual. Além disso, a partir de uma revisão historiográfica e tomando os relatos dos envolvidos na produção do Kama-sutras como fonte, constatamos que os conflitos entre os produtores do Kama-sutras e os guardiões da castidade (que combatiam as ditas publicações obscenas ) se deram, sobretudo, no seio da classe burguesa, mesmo não sendo um conflito exclusivamente burguês. Neste sentido, buscamos analisar (não somente a tradução inglesa do Kama-sutras, mas, também, outros textos que estiveram no emaranhado de relações interdiscursivas), as representações, intervenções e disciplinas, construídas social e culturalmente na Inglaterra do final do século XIX, que incidiram sobre os corpos e sobre as identidades dos sujeitos daquele contexto
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The Sutras as Poetry: Wang Wei's Use of Buddhist Philosophy as Poetic ImageZhang, Yan 01 September 2020 (has links)
The present academic studies on Wang Wei usually focus on his landscape poems and claim that these landscape poems imply Buddhism. Their methods usually analyze Wang Wei’s Buddhist tendencies from his life experience. But it needs more textual analysis to prove that the relationship between his poem and Buddhism. The Introduction section provides the relationship between the Buddhist principles and Wang Wei’s Buddhist poems. The Buddhist principles were figuratively represented in Wang Wei’s poems by describing certain images from Buddhist Sutras. Chapter 1 presents the analysis of the couplets of each Buddhist poem through their connection to Buddhist doctrines. Chapter 2 summarizes the characteristics of Wang Wei’s Buddhist poems and emphasizes the use of Buddhist philosophy as a poetic image.
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The concept of liberation in the Yoga Sutras of PatañjaliPrice, Anna Rebecca 01 January 1959 (has links)
The fundamental thesis of the analyst is that the ills or humanity are due to ignorance and more particularly to self-ignorance and that the way to self-healing is the way to self-knowledge.
The purpose of this thesis is to show how these Yoga sutras of Patanjali contain the methods for the regenerating and recreating factor in human life; and that these methods can be carried into present-day, practical living.
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