In this thesis, the concept of style transfer for visual storytelling is introduced. Style transfer for visual storytelling is the process of identifying a definitive style of a source, such as an artist or culture, and applying the features of that style to a target, such as a character which has a different style. As a proof of concept, the style of the American film director Tim Burton is transferred to a character from Hindu mythology, Yamah. The style transfer is done based on the concept of 'Pattern Language' introduced by Christopher Alexander et al., in his book, 'A Pattern Language'. A set of patterns is developed based on the source and target. The target is then designed based on the patterns. The design is then visualized in a suitable medium.

Single-phase CFD calculations are already widely applied in nuclear industry for the thermal-hydraulic design optimization of fuel assemblies (FA). In contrast, two-phase CFD-applications are still in the state of development. The work presented in this thesis shows contributions towards the detailed two-phase modeling of boiling flows under swirl conditions in sub-channel geometries of pressurized water reactors (PWR) FAs, including a realistic description of the critical heat flux (CHF)-phenomena and identification of two-phase indicators characterizing CHF-phenomena. The numerical simulations were conducted with a 3-D CFD code (STAR CD) for various types of swirl generating components in FA. New insights regarding local void distribution in sub-channels under swirl conditions were obtained, which are relevant for CHF (“bubble pockets”). Furthermore, an enhanced wall partitioning model provides a more realistic description of the steep increase of the rod temperature due to CHF. Presented validation studies showed good agreement with the available experiments under PWR conditions for the radial void distributions at non-CHF conditions as well as for the CHF prediction. The results performed in this thesis show the incentives and chances of two-phase CFD applications for the development of thermal-hydraulically optimized PWR spacer grids with regard to heat transfer and improvement to the CHF behaviour. / Einphasige CFD Analysen stellen für typische thermohydraulische Fragestellungen aus dem Kernkraftwerksbereich bereits jetzt ein wichtiges Werkzeug für die Brennelement (BE)¬Auslegung dar. Die zweiphasige CFD-Modellierung befindet sich dagegen in der Entwicklungsphase. Die in dieser Dissertation präsentierten Arbeiten zeigen Fortschritte für die detaillierte zweiphasige Modellierung drallbehafteter Strömungen im Unterkanal eines BEs des Druckwasserreaktors (DWR) einschließlich der realistischen Beschreibung des kritischen Wärmestroms (CHF) sowie die Bestimmung zweiphasiger Indikatoren, welche das Auftreten von CHF-Phänomen beschreiben. Verschiedene drallerzeugende Komponenten im BE wurden mit dem 3-D CFD-Code STAR-CD modelliert. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse zur lokalen Blasenverteilung in Unterkanälen unter Drallbedingungen gewonnen, die für CHF relevant sind (“bubble pockets”). Durch eine Modifikation des Wärmeübergangsmodells (heat partitioning model) wird der starke Anstieg der Stabtemperatur infolge CHF realistischer beschrieben. Die durchgeführten Validierungen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit verfügbaren Experimenten unter DWR-Bedingungen für die radialen Blasenverteilungen und für die Bestimmung von CHF. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation verdeutlichen den Nutzen und die Möglichkeiten von zweiphasigen CFD-Anwendungen für die Entwicklung und die thermohydraulische Optimierung von DWR-Abstandshaltern bezüglich des Wärmeübergangs und der Verbesserung des CHF-Verhaltens. / Модели однофазовой среды в вычислительной гидродинамике (англ. CFD) являются уже сейчас важным инструментом для решения типичных термогидравлических задач в ядерной энергетике, например, при конструировании тепловыделяющих сборок (ТВС). Двухфазовое моделирование, в сравнении с однофазовым, находится на сегодняшний момент в стадии развития. Данная диссертация связана с совершенствованием двухфазовой модели в направлении улучшения детализации вихревого течения внутри ячейки ТВС в условиях работы двухконтурного ядерного реактора (тип PWR). Также в работе показана возможность более реалистичного описания феномена кризиса теплоотдачи и определения двухфазовых индикаторов, характеризующих критический тепловой поток (англ. CHF). Комплекс расчетов выполнен для различных интенсификаторов теплоотдачи, размещенных на дистанционирующих решетках TBC. Расчеты производились с помощью программного обеспечения STAR-CD, позволяющего моделировать трехмерные гидродинамические системы. Полученные новые данные о локальном распределении пузырьков в ячейках с вихревым течением дали важную информацию для идентификации критического теплового потока. Усовершенствование модели теплоотдачи на поверхности тепловыделяющего элемента (ТВЭЛ) позволило более реалистично описать резкое повышение температуры на поверхности ТВЭЛа при достижении критических условий. Полученные результаты численного моделирования для радиальных распределений пузырьков при нормальных условиях работы PWR и также для определения критического теплового потока показали хорошее совпадение с известными экспериментальными данными. Представленные в диссертации результаты показывают возможности применения двухфазовых CFD-расчётов для разработки и термогидравлической оптимизации дистанционирующих решеток с целью улучшения теплообмена и характеристик критического теплового потока в двухконтурном ядерном реакторе типа PWR.

No description available.

La pollution de l'environnement par les pesticides reste une préoccupation sociale et environnementale importante. Lors de l'application, une partie des pesticides peut contaminer l'environnement (dérive). La diminution des pollutions repose sur la maîtrise de la taille et la vitesse des gouttes en sortie de buse. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer une approche Eulérienne afin d'estimer les caractéristiques initiales des gouttes produites telles que la taille et la vitesse à la sortie de buse. Le modèle Eulérien d'atomisation considère l'écoulement diphasique d'un liquide et d'un gaz comme un écoulement turbulent d'un seul fluide avec une masse volumique variable, variant entre celle du gaz et celle du liquide pulvérisé. Une équation de transport pour la fraction massique liquide moyenne permet de décrire la dispersion du liquide dans la phase gazeuse. La turbulence est modélisée par une approche aux tensions de Reynolds (RSM) en résolvant les équations de transport de chacune des six composantes du tenseur de Reynolds. Par ailleurs, une équation de transport de l'interface volumique liquide/gaz est considérée. La production de l'interface volumique qui exprime la création des gouttes est fonction, d'une part, à grande échelle, du gradient de vitesse moyenne et, d'autre part, à petite échelle, de la turbulence. La destruction de l'interface volumique qui exprime la coalescence des gouttes, quant à elle, prend en compte la tension de surface qui s'oppose à la désintégration de la surface liquide. L'évolution spatiale des rayons et des vitesses des gouttes produites en sortie de buse est décrite en couplant l'équation de la fraction massique liquide moyenne et celle de l'interface volumique à celles de la conservation de la masse, de la quantité de mouvement et de la turbulence. L'étude est faite avec le code de calculs FLUENT V.12 en utilisant les Fonctions Définies par l'Utilisateur (UDF "User Defined Function") pour adapter le code à nos conditions d'injection très particulières puisque le rapport des masses volumiques liquide et gaz est de l'ordre de 800. Les résultats obtenus par le modèle indiquent la formation d'une nappe conique creuse constituée de grosses gouttelettes et la présence d'une zone de recirculation près de l'axe du spray constituée de gouttelettes plus petites, conformément aux expérimentations. La comparaison du Diamètre Moyen de Sauter calculé par le modèle et mesuré expérimentalement par l'Anémométrie Phase Doppler montre un bon accord.

Esta tese apresenta um modelo matemático para simulação numérica do escoamento com turbilhonamento (swirl) em tochas de plasma térmico de arco não transferido que operam em corrente contínua, assim como os resultados obtidos com as simulações para estudo de casos. O modelo magneto-hidrodinâmico (modelo MHD) bidimensional permitiu simular a interação entre o escoamento e o arco elétrico usando uma configuração axissimétrica, que abrange as seguintes regiões: entrada do gás; interior da tocha; jato de plasma livre no ambiente. O modelo foi implementado num código numérico baseado no Método dos Volumes Finitos para a solução numérica das equações governantes. Para os estudos foram simulados casos com diferentes condições operacionais (vazão de gás; intensidade de corrente elétrica; gases plasmogênicos: ar e argônio; intensidade de turbilhonamento). A fim de verificar a qualidade do modelo, alguns resultados foram comparados com a literatura e apresentaram boa concordância: a maior diferença obtida entre valores de temperatura experimentais e valores calculados foi -10%, e a média das diferenças obtidas nas comparações foi de aproximadamente ±3,2%. Os perfis de temperatura e de velocidade obtidos para a região do arco e para o jato de plasma resultante permitiram o estudo do comportamento do escoamento na tocha de plasma em diferentes condições. Conclui-se que o modelo desenvolvido é apto à realização de investigações numéricas do escoamento em tochas de plasma e dos efeitos do turbilhonamento na interação arco/escoamento. / This thesis presents a mathematical model for numerical simulation of swirling flow in DC non-transferred arc thermal plasma torches, as well as the results obtained from simulations to case studies. The two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model (MHD model) allowed simulate the interaction between the flow and the electric arc using an axisymmetric configuration, covering the following areas: gas inlet; inside the torch; free jet of plasma in the environment. The model was implemented in a computer code based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to enable the numerical solution of the governing equations. For the study, cases were simulated with different operating conditions (gas flow rate; electric current intensity; plasmogenic gases: air and argon; swirl intensity). In order to verify the quality of the model, some results were compared with the literature and showed good agreement: the biggest difference between experimental temperature values and calculated values was 10%, and the average of the differences obtained in the comparisons was approximately ±3.2%. The resulting profiles of temperature and velocity obtained for the region of the arc and the plasma jet allowed the study of the flow behavior in the plasma torch in different conditions. It is concluded that the model developed is able to carry out numerical investigations of the flow in plasma torches and the effects of swirl in the interaction arc/flow.

Biofuels in civil aviation is actively studied in recent years to identify potential alternative jet fuels to meet stringent environmental regulations imposed to tackle degraded air quality caused by fossil fuel combustion. In this context, the aviation industry prefers to develop ‘drop-in’ fuels which may not require substantial modifications in existing jet engine technologies. The thesis aims at evaluating the atomization characteristics of camelina- and jatropha-derived drop-in biofuels discharging from simplex swirl atomizer used in aircraft gas turbine engines. The test fuels are characterized in detail and all fuels meet current ASTM D7566 specifications. The experiments are conducted by discharging fuel spray into quiescent atmospheric air in a fuel spray booth to obtain spray characteristics such as fuel discharge behaviour, spray cone angle, breakup behaviour of swirling fuel sheet and spray drop size distribution. The characteristics of sheet breakup are deduced from the captured images of biofuel sprays and the measurements of spray droplet size distribution are obtained using Spraytec (laser-diffraction instrument). A systematic comparison is made between the biofuel sprays and the 100% Jet A-1 (conventional aviation kerosene) sprays to evaluate the drop-in feature of the biofuels. All the measured spray characteristics of the biofuel sprays follow the Jet A-1 both in qualitative and quantitative terms which ensure the drop-in nature of the tested biofuels. The minor differences observed in the comparison of the quantitative spray measurements are attributed to the variation in the fuel properties. This claim is supported using the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model and the empirical correlation reported in the literature for the determination of sheet breakup characteristics and mean drop size for sprays discharging from simplex swirl atomizers.

The goal of this master thesis is to create a simplified model of an actual swirl diffuser using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation, so that it would be easy to calculate (would have a simple geometry, a proper mesh and would enable quick definition of the model’s boundary conditions) and would also create an airflow pattern in space as close to reality as possible. In the process a CFD model with a certain geometry was created. Subsequently, various model settings were tested. Calculation results were compared with the results of the experimental measurement done using the PIV method.

The master thesis explores modelling fluid dynamics images in simulation software Star-CCM+ Version 8.04.007. Three proposed variants are modelled. The first variant describes modelling swirl diffusers, the second and third variant describe modelling wall diffusers. The results of modelling are processed in the form of scalar and vector arrays, which depict the velocity of flowing air, temperature and the age of air.

This master's thesis is specialised in designing of small hydropower plant for specific location. In work should be designed suitable turbine for parameters found on the site, then created a basic project documentation of small hydropower plant with all devices and used principles, so that the plant would be capable of operation. In the next part of thesis should be extented the calculation of flow in the turbine delivery and assessed effect of geometry of turbine delivery on the flow.

Diplomová práce se zabývá měřením charakteristik sprejů dvou tlakových vířivých trysek pro spalovací komoru malého turbínového motoru na zkušebním stavu za studena pomocí metod Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) a fázové Dopplerovské anemometrie (PDA). Cílem měření bylo stanovit a porovnat charakteristiky sprejů obou trysek. Výsledky měření mají objasnit rozdílnost chování trysek za provozu a možný dopad na proces spalování. Úvodní teoretická část pojednává o základních fyzikálních principech atomizace kapalin, konstrukci a oblasti uplatnění tlakových vířivých trysek a o principech laserových diagnostických metod použitých při experimentálním měření. Nasledující část popisuje návrh a montáž zkušební trati a dalších zařízení navržených pro experimentální měření v této práci. Experimentální část se zabývá nastavením parametrů měřícího systému a zpracováním dat. Výsledky měření zahrnují vektorová rychlostní pole, axiální rychlostní profily a distribuce velikosti kapek pro různé provozní podmínky obou trysek.