O presente trabalho propõe a execução de ensaios de medição do número de swirl em bancada de fluxo em regime permanente, com a utilização de um dispositivo modular e dutos de admissão do cabeçote de um motor diesel produzidos via prototipagem rápida (PR). A medição do número de swirl com dutos produzidos via PR, traz como principais vantagens: reprodutibilidade dos ensaios, facilidade de simular e mensurar o número de swirl dos potenciais desvios no processo de fundição ou usinagem, além da redução no tempo para o desenvolvimento de novas geometrias dos dutos de admissão. O trabalho é experimental e uma unidade do cabeçote estudado foi encaminhado para o laboratório da EPUSP e o número de swirl medido para posterior comparação dos dados. Após a fase inicial de aquisição de dados e ajustes no projeto do dispositivo, essa unidade do cabeçote foi seccionada e digitalizada para que a geometria interna fosse reproduzida via prototipagem rápida. Os dutos de admissão foram montados no dispositivo modular para a realização dos testes em bancada. Todos os testes foram realizados no mesmo equipamento e com o mesmo sistema de controle, com o intuito de reduzir o número de variáveis externas na aquisição de dados. Quando realizou-se a comparação das médias dos resultados do número de swirl do cabeçote e do dispositivo modular com o uso de prototipagem rápida não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. O método proposto representou o escoamento de ar da admissão do modelo de cabeçote analisado. / The present work proposes to execute steady state bench test, swirl number measurements, using a modular device and cylinder head intake ports from a diesel engine manufactured via rapid prototype (RP) techniques. Swirl number measurements with intake ports produced by RP, bring as main advantages: Tests reproducibility, easy to measure the swirl number variances in consequence of potential casting or machining process deviations besides of time reduction to the development of new intake ports geometry. The research is experimental and one sample of the investigated cylinder head was sent to the laboratory and the swirl number was measured for later results comparison. After the early development phase of data acquisition and design improvements, this cylinder head sample was then sectioned and digitalized as to know to have the same internal geometry in the intake ports produced via rapid prototype. The intake ports were assembled in the modular device to perform bench tests. All tests were performed in the same rig and with the same control system with aiming to reduce the external variables during data acquisition. When the mean results analysis was performed in order to compare the results between cylinder head and modular device using rapid prototype, no statistically significant changes were found. The proposed method represented the investigated cylinder head´s intake air flow.

Dans le contexte actuel de raréfaction de l'eau, une meilleure efficacité de l'utilisation de l'eau est essentielle pour maintenir une croissance économique durable. En France, en période ordinaire, 48% d'eau est utilisé pour l'irrigation. Ce pourcentage augmente jusqu'à 79% en période d'été. Cela souligne la nécessité d'utiliser des méthodes d'irrigation performantes. La micro-irrigation offre la meilleure efficience, cependant, son utilisation n'est pas très répandue. Dans le monde, ce système ne couvre que 3% des terres irriguées et 5% en France, du fait de la sensibilité de ce système au colmatage, ce qui augmente le coût de son installation et de sa maintenance. Ce colmatage est fortement lié aux faibles sections de passage du distributeur de micro-irrigation. En effet, un labyrinthe constitué de chicanes est généralement inséré dans les distributeurs. Les chicanes existantes, qui jouent un rôle important pour générer des pertes de pression et assurent la régulation du débit sur le réseau d'irrigation, produisent des zones de recirculation où la vitesse est faible voire nulle. Ces zones de recirculation favorisent le dépôt de particules ou autre développement biochimique provoquant le colmatage du goutteur. La caractérisation de la topologie de l'écoulement dans le labyrinthe du goutteur doit être décrite pour analyser la sensibilité du goutteur au colmatage qui réduit considérablement ses performances.Des expériences utilisant la micro-PIV et un ensemencement avec des particules de 1 µm sont menées sur dix motifs répétitifs pour analyser les régions qui peuvent être sensibles au colmatage. Un goutteur fonctionne avec un débit faible, et la section transversale du labyrinthe est d'environ 1mm2. Le nombre de Reynolds varie de 400 à 800. Ainsi, cette étude expérimentale permet d'analyser le régime d'écoulement et son influence. Un algorithme de traitement est développé pour obtenir la moyenne et les fluctuations des vitesses. Une attention particulière est apportée à la validation de la technique micro-PIV et aux courbes débit-pression qui quantifient la performance globale du goutteur. Plusieurs modèles de turbulence, implémentés dans ANSYS/Fluent, sont utilisés pour modéliser l'écoulement au sein du labyrinthe. Les résultats des expériences de micro-PIV et des modélisations sont comparés afin de valider le modèle numérique. Puis, des méthodes avancées d’analyses tourbillonnaires ont été utilisées pour détecter précisément la vorticité et les zones de recirculations. L'objectif global de ce manuscrit est d'identifier le meilleur modèle qui permettra ensuite de prédire et analyser les zones sensibles au colmatage afin de les réduire grâce à l'optimisation de géométrie. / In the present context of increasing water scarcity, a better water use efficiency is essential to maintain a sustainable economical growth. Moreover, water use efficiency covers also important environmental and social issues. Micro-irrigation system has the best water efficiency, nevertheless, its use is not much widespread. In the world, this system covers only 3 % of land irrigated against 4% in France, as this system is sensitive to clogging, which increases the installation cost.The baffle-fitted labyrinth-channel is largely used in micro-irrigation systems. The existing baffles, which play an important role for generating pressure losses and ensure the flow regulation on the irrigation network, produce vorticities where the velocity is low or zero. These vorticities favor the deposition of particles or other biochemical development causing emitter clogging. Flow topology characterization in the labyrinth-channel of emitter must be described to analyze emitter clogging sensibility which drastically reduces its performance.Micro-PIV experiments, using 1µm particles, are conducted on ten-pattern repeating baffles to characterize the labyrinth-channel flow and to analyze regions which can be sensitive to clogging. An emitter works with a weak flow rate, and the labyrinth-channel cross-section is about 1 mm2 Reynolds number varies from 400 to 800. So, this experimental investigation allows analyzing the flow regime and its influence. A treatment algorithm is developed to get the mean and fluctuating velocities. Advanced swirl analysis method is adapted to precisely detect the vorticity. Particular attention is focused on the technique acquisition and on pressure losses curves accuracy in the labyrinth-channel flow since this curve represents the emitter global performance.Several turbulent models, implemented in ANSYS/Fluent, are used to perform modelling of the labyrinth-channel geometry. The micro-PIV and modeling results comparisons are presented in order to validate numerical model. The global objective of this manuscript is to identify the best model which allows to predict and analyze the sensitive areas in order to reduce them thanks to geometry optimization.

Orientador: Eugenio Spano Rosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T21:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_JasonAlves_M.pdf: 1693632 bytes, checksum: 9c8933692155bfbbb91d774a1f849391 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga os mecanismos de separação sólido-líquido em separadores tubo-ciclônicos. O trabalho é desenvolvido a partir de testes experimentais e simulação numérica. A etapa experimental investiga a influência do aumento de viscosidade sobre a eficiência do separador. Através de uma análise dimensional, os dados experimentais são reduzidos em grupos adimensionais. Obtem-se uma correlação entre a eficiência de separação e os grupos adimensionais. Ela revela como a eficiência depende dos parâmetros geométricos e operacionais do separador. A correlação obtida possibilita dimensionar estes separadores para cenários com elevada viscosidade. As simulações numéricas são realizadas utilizando um método de volumes finitos. O processo de separação é estudado através do adimensional Stokes. São introduzidos os conceitos de superfície de captura e tempo de residência de partículas. Define -se um importante parâmetro do escoamento, o comprimento de decaimento. Propõe-se um modelo unidimensional para o separador. Realiza-se com base neste modelo uma análise comparativa entre dois separadores. Os resultados são coerentes com dados experimentais e indicam quais características geométricas melhoram a eficiência do separador / Abstract: This work investigates the solid-liquid separation mechanisms in swirl tubes through experimental and numerical analysis. In the experimental phase, it is analyzed the impact of the viscosity increase on the separation efficiency of swirl tubes. The experimental data are reduced using dimensional analysis. A functional relationship between the separation efficiency and the dimensionless groups is obtained, allowing to calculate the separation efficiency dependency on the liquid viscosity, flow rate, particle size, and other geometrical parameters of the separator. This relationship helps to design these desander devices to scenarios with high viscosity. Numerical simulations are carried out in a structured grid using a finite volume method. Separation process is studied through the Stokes number. The concepts of capture surface and residence time of particles are introduced and an important flow field parameter, the length of decay is defined. A one-dimensional model is proposed for the swirl tube. A comparative analysis between two separators is done based on the one-dimensional model. The results are in agreement with experimental data and indicate which geometrical features help to improve the separator efficiency / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Low swirl burners (LSBs) have gained popularity in heating and gas power generation industries, in part due to their proven capacity for reducing the production of NOx, which in addition to reacting to form smog and acid rain, plays a central role in the formation of the tropospheric ozone layer. With lean operating conditions, LSBs are susceptible to combustion instability, which can result in flame extinction or equipment failure. Extensive work has been performed to understand the nature of LSB combustion, but scaling trends between laboratory- and industrial-sized burners have not been established. Using hydrogen addition as the primary method of flame stabilization, the current work presents results for a 2.54 cm LSB to investigate potential effects of burner outlet diameter on the nature of flame stability, with focus on flashback and lean blowout conditions. In the lean regime, the onset of instability and flame extinction have been shown to occur at similar equivalence ratios for both the 2.54 cm and a 3.81 cm LSB and depend on the resolution of equivalence ratios incremented. Investigations into flame structures are also performed. Discussion begins with a derivation for properties in a multicomponent gas mixture used to determine the Reynolds number (Re) to develop a condition for turbulent intensity similarity in differently-sized LSBs. Based on this requirement, operating conditions are chosen such that the global Reynolds number for the 2.54 cm LSB is within 2% of the Re for the 3.81 cm burner. With similarity obtained, flame structure investigations focus on flame front curvature and flame surface density (FSD). As flame structure results of the current 2.54 cm LSB work are compared to results for the 3.81 cm LSB, no apparent relationship is shown to exist between burner diameter and the distribution of flame surface density. However, burner diameter is shown to have a definite effect on the flame front curvature. In corresponding flow conditions, a decrease in burner diameter results a broader distribution of curvature and an increased average curvature, signifying that compared to the larger 3.81 cm LSB, the flame front of the smaller burner contains tighter, smaller scale wrinkling.

<p>Two-stroke, opposed piston engines have gained recent attention for their improved thermal efficiency relative to the conventional inline or V-configuration. One advantage of two-stroke, opposed piston engines is a reduction in heat losses since there is no cylinder head. Another advantage is improved gas exchange via uniflow scavenging since the exhaust and intake ports may be located near bottom dead center of the exhaust and intake pistons, respectively. One challenge with the design of two-stroke engines is promoting turbulence within the cylinder. Turbulence is important for mixing air and fuel in the cylinder and for increasing flame speed during combustion. </p> <p>This work investigates the flow and turbulence through two-stroke, opposed piston engines using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Specifically, the role of intake manifold and intake port geometry on turbulence within the cylinder was investigated by systematically modifying the engine geometry. Turbulence was then quantified using three metrics: circulation around the cylinder axis (swirl), circulation normal to the cylinder axis (tumble), and volume average turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) within the cylinder.</p> Increasing the swirl angle from 0 degrees to 10 degrees increased the in-cylinder swirl by a factor of 3. Increasing the swirl angle also increased the volume average TKE by a range of 7.6% to 36.5% across the three cylinders of the engine. A reverse tilt angle of 15 degrees increased tumble circulation near the piston face but decreased tumble circulation by a factor of 3 near the center of the cylinder. The next step for research on this would be to apply more geometric manipulations to the manifold of the swirl engine design to balance the mass flow rate for each port. Following the redesign of the manifold the next step is to perform a dynamic CFD test to verify the mass flow has been balanced under a dynamic scenario.

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The purpose of the diploma thesis is to establish on survey of swirl pump from previous years and his optimization via which is suggested the second degree of synchronous pump whereas they should work together like a total artificial heart. Hydraulic and constructional proposal is solved. Conception is realized experimentally also with help of CFD calculation, results are compared with each other.

This diploma thesis describes hydraulic design of Swirl turbine, dedicated to be used for tidal powerplant and study possibilities of the turbine to work in turbine, reverse turbine, pump and reverse pump regime. From individual regimes, graphical characteristics of created hydraulic design were created and compared, using CFD simulations.

The aim of this work was to develop a proposal regarding hydro-energy potential of small flows of water through the city „Hovězí near Vsetín“. The available water energy was used for running a Swirl Turbine featuring a siphon arrangement. This new concept makes use of a modified Kaplan Turbine, operating at small water heads. It operates also at higher revolutions and has higher discharge.

Diploma thesis deals with design and exploration of installation in the draft tube of the swirl turbine. Use of the draft tube is defined in the first part, with illustration of energetical gain and efficiency of draft tube. Further the suitable shape of draft tube is studied by CFD computing. Design, research and evaluation of installation in the draft tube are solved in the main part.