This is a comparative study of the Swedish and Norwegian syllabi for English for the minimum courses required in order to be allowed to apply for university courses in both countries. The study focuses on the assessment of oral production and what guidelines teachers and students are provided with in order to know what is to be assessed. As a reference point while comparing, the Common European Framework of Reference has been used as a framework for this study.  The comparison has been done solely in a text-oriented manner, comparing both of the syllabi with the reference document. In the conclusion, the results drawn from this comparison will be put against each other in order to see any differences between the two syllabi and the ways in which they have interpreted the reference document.  The conclusion was that both of the syllabi were largely inspired by the reference document and so turned out to be very similar in many aspects within oral proficiency assessment, as well as there were some aspects where they were quite different. The most obvious of these were the aspect of descriptors of different grade levels which was an aspect where all three documents differed in some manner, the Norwegian syllabus being the document that was least alike the two other documents.

This essay analyzes Enclave, discusses the different outcomes of using an intrinsic or an extrinsic approach and argues that there is a lack of aesthetic objectives in the English syllabus in Swedish upper secondary school. Initially it introduces the novel Enclave and states what kind of syllabus Sweden utilizes and what the syllabus' goals are for the students. Secondly, it acknowledges the relationship between the two approaches recognizing a debate and the fact that an intrinsic approach has been ignored by schools and scholars in England. In this context it includes the relationship the English subject in Sweden has with literature. Furthermore, the essay provides thorough definitions of the intrinsic and extrinsic approaches which are used to analyze Enclave. Finally, it concludes that it is more difficult to relate the intrinsic approach to the syllabus because of its lack of aesthetic values in the content of communication, reception, production and interaction objectives. The results yielded were similar in that both required intensive reading but an aesthetic experience only occurred with the intrinsic approach done to Enclave.

The never ending argument among linguists and teachers about whether reading difficulties of the non native speakers of English are a reading problem or a language problem is an interesting study to start with. This was one of the questions examined in the study leading to the development of an ESP syllabus for undergraduate students at Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). Chapter One outlines the current English course at IPB where the focus of language teaching is on teaching grammar and reading. Chapter Two looks at the theoretical background and the development of ESP as well as the role of the ESP teachers which is different from the role of General English teachers. Since reading is the only target skill students need to acquire, Chapter Three looks at the theory of reading, outlines necessary reading skills and examines a 'good1 reading teacher. Chapter Four consists of a study and its analysis into whether difficulties in reading is a reading problem or a language problem. These findings are expected to give a clearer idea to the teachers of reading about the problems encountered by the students in reading English texts so they can decide whether the focus of the course should be on grammar development or reading development. Chapter Five discusses several types of syllabus as well as relating to the importance of needs analysis in designing a course, and suggests an outline syllabus for the IPB students i.e. the proportional syllabus including the profile of communication needs, aims and objectives of the course, language content, and the syllabus content.

Since the textbook has a prominent role in Swedish mathematics education it is of importance that textbooks has a focus on everyday life application that matches the requirements of the syllabuses and provide examples of practical usage of mathematics. The purpose of this qualitative case study of four randomly chosen textbooks in mathematics for the ninth grade, published during the 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s, from which a stratified random sample of word problems has been drawn, is to study the prevalence of word problems related to everyday life as well as to see how much of the everyday life related instructions in the syllabuses these textbooks implement. The result shows that the proportion of exercises that is made up from word problems has increased steadily from the 1960s to the 1990s in the textbooks that were analysed and at the same time has the proportion of exercises related to everyday life among the word problems decreased. The overarching impression regarding instructions related to everyday life in the syllabuses is that rather few of them have been implemented via word problems. / Då läroboken har en dominerande roll i den svenska matematikundervisningen är det av vikt att dessa böcker har ett fokus på vardagslivskopplingen som motsvarar budskapet i kursplanerna samt ger eleverna exempel på matematikens vardagliga tillämpningsområden. Syftet med denna kvalitativa fallstudie av fyra slumpmässigt valda läroböcker i matematik för årskurs 9, utgivna under 60-, 70-, 80- och 90-talet, ur vilka ett stratifierat slumpmässigt urval av textuppgifter dragits, är att studera förekomsten av vardagsrelaterade textuppgifter samt hur läroböckerna uppfyller anvisningarna i kursplanerna rörande den vardagslivsrelaterade kopplingen. Resultatet visar att andelen uppgifter som utgörs av textuppgifter har ökat stadigt från 60- till 90-talet i de studerade läroböckerna samtidigt som de vardagsrelaterade uppgifternas andel av textuppgifterna har minskat. Beträffande kursplanernas anvisningar är det övergripande intrycket att tämligen lite har implementerats via textuppgifterna.

This research investigates whether students&amp / #8217 / motivation improves when thematic syllabus is employed in the classroom. This is the first time a theme-based integrated skills syllabus is employed at Atilim University Departmental English Language Studies Unit. With the outcome of the questionnaires conducted by the administration, it was realized that content is an important motivating factor and employing a theme-based syllabus can have a positive effect on students&amp / #8217 / motivation. For this research, firstly an interest survey was employed to identify the areas students would like to focus on. After the quantitative analysis of the interest survey, a five-week theme-based syllabus was designed and employed for five weeks in the classroom. At the end of the semester, interviews were carried out with twenty six students. From the point of view of the students, proposed syllabus was much more interesting and motivating than the common one employed in the first ten weeks of the semester. This study showed that if a theme-based syllabus reflecting students&amp / #8217 / interests is employed in a classroom, student motivation improves. Thus, they can develop positive attitude towards the course and language learning.

<p>The essay has been written in order to give a picture of culture teaching within the subject of English in upper secondary schools in Sweden. Although earlier research within this field is still not very extensive, a theoretical framework has been based on the results available and the syllabuses for the subject of English in the upper secondary school. A questionnaire with open question has been used as a tool for collecting data. The main focus is put on analyzing the contents of and ways in which teachers deal with cultural studies, considering the goals in the syllabuses. The results support the results of previous scientific investigations concerning culture studies in Swedish schools and show that culture teaching is often dealt with in the traditional ways where culture is viewed mainly as customs, traditions and history of the target language country, and where teachers mainly choose cultural elements from the UK and the US and seldom from other English speaking countries.</p><p>Various factors that influence teachers choices in their cultural studies are examined and alternative changes considering the teaching methods, for example ethnographic training, are proposed. The uncertainty about how to approach and what to include in cultural studies is reflected in the testing of students on cultural issues. The survey shows that half the respondents do not test their pupils on culture at all. The conclusion, based on the results of this survey and the previous research, is that no great changes have taken place within this field over the last decade and that further continuous study of culture teaching is recommended.</p>

nÃo hà / Este estudo teve como espaÃo de investigaÃÃo o programa de EducaÃÃo profissional tÃcnica integrada ao ensino mÃdio na modalidade de educaÃÃo de jovens e adultos (Proeja) que visa oferecer aos concludentes do ensino fundamental e para aqueles que ainda nÃo tenham o ensino mÃdio uma formaÃÃo profissional integrada a esse ensino. O objeto desde estudo foram as concepÃÃes e as prÃticas de avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem desenvolvidas pelos docentes do curso de RefrigeraÃÃo do referido Proeja do Instituto Federal de EducaÃÃo, CiÃncia e Tecnologia do Cearà (IFCE). Na fundamentaÃÃo da pesquisa recorreu-se a vÃrios teÃricos dos campos estudados: Silva (2002), Apple (2006) Moreira (2011), Mendez, (2002), Santomà (1995), Gadotti (2008), Freire (2011), Adorno, (2010) Lima (2008), Vianna (2007), Firme (1994), Luckesi (2011), Fernandes (2008), Gatti (2003), Hadji (2001), e Perrenoud (1999), dentre outros. Optou-se pela abordagem metodolÃgica crÃtico-interpretativa que se opÃe ao dogmatismo, ao reducionismo e à sempre aberta e inacabada. Para analisar a prÃtica avaliativa utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, para compreender o fenÃmeno investigado. Como suporte desse desenvolvimento utilizou-se a Teoria CrÃtica que orientou este estudo, sinalizando o que à imprescindÃvel de se conhecer, o contexto em que o conhecimento à gerado e as intencionalidades definidas. A investigaÃÃo foi desenvolvida por meio dos procedimentos metodolÃgicos: entrevistas semiestruturadas, a anÃlise documental, observaÃÃo direta e levantamento estruturado. Foi aplicada como tÃcnica de interpretaÃÃo dos dados a anÃlise de conteÃdo que possibilitou a definiÃÃo das categorias a partir do exame do discurso obtido das respostas proferidas pelos sujeitos da investigaÃÃo. Os resultados analisados a partir das categorias surgidas do discurso dos sujeitos participantes da investigaÃÃo elucidaram as contradiÃÃes existentes entre o que està prescrito no Documento Base do Proeja (2007) e no Projeto Curricular do Curso de RefrigeraÃÃo e ClimatizaÃÃo do Proeja do IFCE com relaÃÃo à concepÃÃo da AvaliaÃÃo da Aprendizagem e a efetivaÃÃo das prÃticas avaliativas dos docentes do referido Programa. E ainda, apontaram para a confirmaÃÃo da tese anunciada: âque nas prÃticas avaliativas dos docentes do Proeja do IFCE, campus Fortaleza, hà predominÃncia da perspectiva de verificaÃÃo da aprendizagem e nÃo de uma avaliaÃÃo formativaâ. Pretendi com o resultado deste estudo investigativo, contribuir para apontar caminhos para o desenvolvimento das prÃticas avaliativas no Proeja iniciando um processo de discussÃo que visava a ampliaÃÃo da concepÃÃo avaliativa, na direÃÃo de uma avaliaÃÃo formativa e dialÃgica, que coloca em relevo a reconstruÃÃo permanente dos saberes da avaliaÃÃo. / This study had as its focus of investigation the high school integrated with technical vocational Educational program for young and adults (Proeja), which aims at offering professional training integrated with high school education for those who have just finished elementary school and for those who have not graduated from high school yet. The object of this study was the learning assessment concepts and practices developed by the Proeja Refrigeration Course faculty at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara (IFCE). For the theoretical background, many theorists of the fields of interest have been referred, such as Silva (2002), Apple (2006) Moreira (2011), Mendez, (2002), Santomà (1995), Gadotti (2008), Freire (2011), Adorno, (2010) Lima (2008), Vianna (2007), Firme (1994), Luckesi (2011), Fernandes (2008), Gatti (2003), Hadji (2001), e Perrenoud (1999), among others. We have opted for the critical interpretive approach which opposes itself to dogmatism, reductionism and is always open and unfinished. In order to analyze the assessment practice, we have used the qualitative methodology to understand the phenomenon under investigation. The Critical Theory that guided this study was used as support of development, signaling what is indispensable to be known, the context in which knowledge is generated, and the defined intentions. The research was developed by using the following procedures: semi-structured interviews, documental analyses, direct observation and a structured survey. The technique used for interpreting the data collected was the analysis of content which enabled the definition of categories through the examination of the answers given by the subjects surveyed. The results analyzed from the categories that arose from the subjectsâ answers elucidated the existing contradictions between what is prescribed in the Proeja Basic Document (2007) and the Curricular Design of the Refrigeration and Acclimatization Proeja Course at the IFCE concerning the Learning Assessment concepts and its facultyâs assessment practice effectiveness. Moreover, they have indicated the confirmation of the announced thesis: âthat in the Proeja facultyâs assessment practices at the IFCE Fortaleza campus, there is a predominance of the learning verification perspective instead of formative evaluationâ. With the result of this research, we have intended to contribute pointing out possible ways for the development of the Proeja assessment practices by starting a discussion process that aimed the enlargement of assessment concepts towards a dialogical and formative evaluation which highlights the assessment knowledge permanent reconstruction.

This study explores the transformation of national syllabuses into local ones, as expressed in teachers’ organized conversations. It also investigates what view of knowledge is expressed in local syllabuses and what implications that view has for the educational task entrusted to schools by society. The data collected consist of six focus-group conversations in which teachers discuss national and local syllabuses. The thesis takes its theoretical point of departure in relational curriculum theory, with support from Ricoeur. These perspectives form the basis for the model that is used to study the transformation of national syllabuses are transformed into local ones – and what they are transformed in relation to. This transformation process results in four local ‘spaces of possibilities’: The analysis shows that teachers interpret the national syllabuses as documents which open up unlimited freedom in their teaching. The teachers use this freedom to turn from the content of national syllabuses towards other texts. Teachers feel that the only thing limiting them in their teaching is the grading of students, which places many different kinds of demands on them. The view of knowledge that emerges from the spaces of possibilities described is an individualistic one. The teachers fall back on their own experience, rather than reading, interpreting and developing an understanding of what the national syllabuses mean in relation to their experience and knowledge. In terms of content, the education provided is directed inwards towards the teacher’s own individual view of knowledge, rather than outwards towards the task given to schools by society. It is concluded that it is the teachers who, individually and based on their personal points of view, decide what knowledge students need to prepare them for life, rather than the goals set out in national syllabuses. / <p>Charlotta Pettersson</p><p>is also affiliated to / är också knuten till</p><p>Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten</p>

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study deals with the evaluation research conducted to evaluate the Accounting curriculum of Asmara Commercial College (ACC), Eritrea. The purpose of the Accounting programme in this college is to train middle level skilled manpower to satisfy the dire shortages of Accounting personnel in the country. Accounting education in Eritrea seems to lag behind the rest of the world, particularly in curriculum administration and development aspects of the discipline. The target group of the above programme was directed to the 11th grade candidates who have passed the matriculation exam. The primary goal of this training was to achieve qualified students and help them to prepare for the world of work at the end of the programme. A second goal was to assist them in their professional development as future accountants. The study therefore evaluated how successfully the Accounting curriculum helped the students to develop themselves academically and professionally. It was also aimed at providing some suggestions and recommendations to the curriculum developers and teachers of the college in particular and other interested parties to assist them in identifying different aspects of the object of evaluation questions to be addressed. The researcher used both a literature review and empirical data to achieve the desired aim. Based on the literature, the Accounting education concepts, the concepts of change and evaluation as well as the role of evaluation in relation to the Accounting curriculum had been reviewed in order to support the study with its theoretical background. In the empirical part of the study, it investigated the perceptions of the respondents concerning the current Accounting practice at ACC and its relationship with the world of work. The necessary empirical data were mainly collected by 1) interviews and 2)-document analysis. The respondents were seven: 1) the director of ACC, 2) two Accounting instructors from ACC, 3) two employers, and 4) two graduates students. A normal flow of text had been used to analyze each response given to the interview items by respondents and observation of documents.

The purpose of this study is to examine discursive change regarding mathematics and language in the Swedish primary school curriculums. The study analyzes pedagogical discourses represented within the curriculums and how they represent different pedagogical theories in relation to discursive and social practice. The analysis shows a change towards a more language oriented curriculum discourse in mathematics which still carries an intertextual and discursive heritage from the prior curriculums. In relation to the early curriculums of the Swedish primary schools the former explicit differentiation of students becomes implicit as the language skills become of increasingly importance.