Esta tese, por meio dos estudos de caso do Arranjo Produtivo da Música de Conservatória, distrito do município de Valença RJ e do Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural de Colombo, na Grande Curitiba, busca estabelecer outro espaço de análise para se compreender os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) prestadores de serviços no rural. Nos trabalhos de campo, encontramos evidências da importância de aspectos simbólicos, como: identidade, pertencimento, percepção sobre o patrimônio, proximidade, afetividade e solidariedade para a formação de um corpo de importância crucial na territorialização dos arranjos rurais voltados à oferta de serviços. Esta maneira de se entender estes territórios é distinta da que se utiliza usualmente, quando se transfere o instrumental teórico estabelecido para a análise dos APLs industriais aos de serviços no rural. / This thesis aims at establishing another analytical space for the comprehension of Local Productive Systems (LPS) of services within rural spaces through the fieldwork carried out in Conservatorias Music Productive System, in Valença region, Rio de Janeiro State, and Colombos Touristic Italian Circuit, in Curitiba metropolitan region, Parana State. Such fieldwork has allowed us to find evidence of the importance of symbolic aspects, such as identity, belonging, 11 patrimony perception, proximity, affection and solidarity concerning the formation of a crucially important corpus for the territorialization of rural systems aimed at offering services. Such comprehension of territories is different from the one currently used when the established theoretical tools are transferred from industrial LPS to the analysis of services within rural spaces.

In this thesis we study Ax-Schanuel type inequalities for abstract differential equations. A motivating example is the exponential differential equation. The Ax-Schanuel theorem states positivity of a predimension defined on its solutions. The notion of a predimension was introduced by Hrushovski in his work from the 1990s where he uses an amalgamation-with-predimension technique to refute Zilber's Trichotomy Conjecture. In the differential setting one can carry out a similar construction with the predimension given by Ax-Schanuel. In this way one constructs a limit structure whose theory turns out to be precisely the first-order theory of the exponential differential equation (this analysis is due to Kirby (for semiabelian varieties) and Crampin, and it is based on Zilber's work on pseudo-exponentiation). One says in this case that the inequality is adequate. Thus, by an Ax-Schanuel type inequality we mean a predimension inequality for a differential equation. Our main question is to understand for which differential equations one can find an adequate predimension inequality. We show that this can be done for linear differential equations with constant coefficients by generalising the Ax-Schanuel theorem. Further, the question turns out to be closely related to the problem of recovering the differential structure in reducts of differentially closed fields where we keep the field structure (which is quite an interesting problem in its own right). So we explore that question and establish some criteria for recovering the derivation of the field. We also show (under some assumptions) that when the derivation is definable in a reduct then the latter cannot satisfy a non-trivial adequate predimension inequality. Another example of a predimension inequality is the analogue of Ax-Schanuel for the differential equation of the modular j-function due to Pila and Tsimerman. We carry out a Hrushovski construction with that predimension and give an axiomatisation of the first-order theory of the strong Fraïssé limit. It will be the theory of the differential equation of j under the assumption of adequacy of the predimension. We also show that if a similar predimension inequality (not necessarily adequate) is known for a differential equation then the fibres of the latter have interesting model theoretic properties such as strong minimality and geometric triviality. This, in particular, gives a new proof for a theorem of Freitag and Scanlon stating that the differential equation of j defines a trivial strongly minimal set.

While the multilateral trading system views human and labour rights issues as outside of its remit, states increasingly incorporate regulation in these areas into their bilateral reciprocal preferential trade agreements, "HR-PTAs. This dissertation investigates the emergence of HR-PTAs, testing alternative explanations derived from conventional "public interest" and "private interest" theories of regulation against a new theory of "symbolic regulation." According to the public interest theory of regulation, regulation is motivated by benevolent legislators' commitment to correcting market or social problems. The private interest theory of regulation instead views regulation as the result of private interest groups capturing the regulatory apparatus in order to regulate in their own self-interest. Unlike its counterparts, the symbolic theory of regulation suggests that regulation may also be created for the primary purpose of reassuring regulatory advocates that their demands have been heard, rather than to regulate a given issue area. This dissertation argues that for the states behind them, HR-PTAs are primarily a symbolic form of regulation. Legislators create HR-PTAs to appease domestic human and labour rights organizations, while defending their trade interests through the non-enforcement of their provisions. Using longitudinal network analysis to analyse original data from 415 preferential trade agreements in force from 1989 to 2009, paired with case study evidence from the EU, US, and Canada, this dissertation finds support for the symbolic regulation explanation of HR-PTAs. It shows that a state's commitment to HR-PTAs depends less on the public interest or the desires of private interest groups than on its need to accommodate human and labour rights advocates. Symbolic regulation however should not be dismissed. It sets precedents, creates policy space, facilitates softer forms of cooperation, and can fuel political accountability politics. When this occurs, states may use HR-PTAs or other forms of symbolic regulation to achieve their seeming purpose.

This study is concerned with the obscurity surrounding the boundaries of a socio-political context and a metaphysical context, especially as it correlates to Contemporary Performance Art. This dichotomy seemingly results in symbolic conflation and therefore necessitates the inclusion of social science as part of Performance Studies discourse. The intersection of these disciplines aligns with respect to the significance of context: the role of communication when considering the phenomenon of interpreting the perspective of other individuals. In this study, the various layers appropriated to the contextualisation of Performance art are explored: how it pertains to the theatrical framework, audience, art, social order, and the sublime. To this end, the influence of the socio-political construct of reality on the theatrical framework of a performance is examined. The premise is that a socio-political context both precedes and follows a performance and likely affects 5 how a performance is experienced. This investigation relies upon the methodological approach of Grounded Theory that allows the freedom of exploring this phenomenon in conjunction to the development of a communicative model. To delimit the scope of this study, I primarily focus on the symbolic, insofar as it affects the context of a performance. The analysis of this study supports the development of a theorisation that introduces an approach to the theatrical framework, defined as Neo-Surrealism. Drawing upon Immanuel Kant's philosophical work on judgement, a precept is introduced for a theatrical framework: Neo- Surrealism is a platform that constitutes the demarcation of sacred space, where the signification of the aesthetic has symbolic authority over the signification of the socio-political construct. In the present study, the term transgression as situated in a metaphysical context of sacred space, changes its symbolic signification from a complicit act against the socio-political construct to a complicit act against the limitations of perception, positioning this semiotic sign to constitute an aesthetic infinitude. This theorisation serves to support a philosophical dialectic that incorporates performative methods from Ritual Studies. This aspect of the dissertation acts as a counterpart to the documented artwork aimed at reinforcing the specific purposes as outlined through the research. The practical portion of this study consists of three performances that rely upon the platform of Neo-Surrealism. Each performance strategically responds to the influence of the socio-political construct in separate ways. Neo-Surrealism: What is Performance art? (2015) contains a fictitious narrative that is integrated in an academic context. I portray several different archetypes; this theoretically makes my identity impalpable to an audience comprised mostly of students that are unfamiliar with my work. Neo-Surrealism: The Audition (2016) is centred on the site specificity of the performance, challenging the application of the communicative model in an unfamiliar socio-political context, Anchorage, Alaska. Neo-Surrealism: The Rehearsal (2017) is aimed at asserting the relevance of the platform of Neo-Surrealism by expanding the symbolic boundaries of Performance Art.

Cette thèse entend contribuer à la construction d’un dispositif théorique méthodologique pour l’analyse des médiations symboliques à l’œuvre dans l’espace public lors des débats de société. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons de discuter les conditions épistémologiques de l’analyse des discours circulant dans l’espace public pour dégager des formes idéologiques (au sens large). Nous montrons dans un second temps que les discussions entre internautes à propos du nucléaire, sur les sites de presse en ligne, après l’accident de Fukushima, sont structurées par un nombre limité de grands cadres d’intelligibilité que nous appelons « modes d’appréhension ». Ces modes d’appréhension n’apparaissent jamais vraiment sous leur forme canonique, mais se retrouvent par bribes dans la parole individuelle des internautes. Ils peuvent alors être reconstruits, dans une optique d’analyse argumentative du discours, par le regroupement de « topoï » épars en micro-univers de sens relativement consistants et cohérents. La mise au jour de ces divers modes d’appréhension, construits et perpétués dans la circulation discursive, permet à la fois de faire apparaître une partie des médiations symboliques de la communication sociale sur le nucléaire après Fukushima, de faire émerger les points critiques de la réflexion politique et philosophique sur le sujet, et d’observer quelques-unes des sédimentations idéologiques dominantes de notre modernité. / This thesis aims to contribute to the construction of a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of symbolic mediations which occur in the public sphere during public debates. Firstly, we discuss the epistemological conditions of a search for ideological forms shaped by the circulation of discourses. Secondly, we show that conversations about civil nuclear power among internet users on comment boards of online news websites are structured by a limited number of frames of intelligibility that we call "modes of apprehension". These modes of apprehension never occur in their canonic form: they only appear by fragments in the speech of individuals. Hence, an argumentative analysis of discourse can be used to rebuild them by reordering the multiple "topoï" in consistent and coherent universes of meaning. Bringing out these modes of apprehension, forged and perpetuated by the circulation of discourses, has three main interests : we highlight some of the symbolic mediations of the social communication about civil nuclear power after Fukushima ; we underline some of the main political and philosophical issues of the question ; and we examine some of the dominant ideological sedimentations of our modernity.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T09:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T09:54:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T09:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / This piece of work discusses how the transformations caused by the increase in the number of inhabitants and the verticality of the cities, which are responsible for cracks in the urban tissue, alter the perception and the way the individual currently lives in his house. In this research, the house is revealed as the fundamental cell of the urban tissue, related to its historic and social context, where time and space build its narration. The object of study is the interior of the placehouse inserted in the space-city, focusing on the relation between its inhabitant and what he understands as the “center of the world”. The city that was chosen is Goiânia of the beginning of the 21st century, contemplating the neighborhoods of greater value, in an accelerated verticality process. The main objective of this work is to understand how the verticalized city affects the user’s perception and relation with the house. Furthermore, we try to identify the role of the sensoriality and the symbolic in the construction of the values and the individual and collective references in the living space. The materiality of the house dealt with here refers to the physical space, whereas the immateriality regards the house as a symbolic place, inhabited by the memories and symbols and lived through the daily rituals and events. The data collection is based on the bibliographical research and on interviews with distinct groups of families that live in the selected area. As a result, the study brings contribution to the new way of thinking the urban house and its interior design, taking into consideration the diversity and the necessities of the man in the material, social and symbolic dimensions. / Esse trabalho discute de que forma as transformações causadas pelo adensamento e pela verticalização das cidades, responsáveis por rupturas no tecido urbano, alteram a percepção e o modo como o indivíduo vive atualmente em sua casa. No âmbito da pesquisa, a casa revela-se como célula fundamental do tecido urbano, vinculada ao seu contexto histórico e social, onde o tempo e o espaço constroem a sua narrativa. O objeto de estudo é o interior do lugar-casa inserida no espaço-cidade, focando a relação de seu habitante com o que ele entende como “centro de mundo”. A cidade escolhida como recorte da pesquisa é Goiânia do início do século XXI, contemplando os bairros de maior valorização fundiária em um processo de verticalização acelerada. O objetivo principal da dissertação é compreender de que forma a cidade verticalizada influencia na percepção e consequente relação que o indivíduo tem com a sua casa. Busca ainda identificar o papel da sensorialidade e do simbólico na construção dos valores e referenciais individuais e coletivos no espaço de morar. A materialidade da casa aqui tratada refere-se ao lugar físico, enquanto a imaterialidade trata a casa como lugar simbólico, povoada de memórias e símbolos e vivenciada por meio de ritos e eventos cotidianos. O levantamento de dados baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas com grupos distintos de famílias moradoras da área selecionada. Como resultado, o estudo traz subsídios para as novas formas de se pensar a casa urbana e o design de seus interiores, levando em consideração a diversidade e as necessidades do homem nas dimensões materiais, sociais e simbólicas.

Com a finalidade de ampliar a compreensão da formação de vínculo entre mãe e filho e qual o papel da amamentação nesse processo, este estudo teve como objetivos: Compreender os significados atribuídos pela mulher à amamentação na construção do vínculo entre mãe e filho e compreender como os significados atribuídos pela mulher à amamentação influenciam a construção do vínculo entre mãe e filho. Utilizaram-se a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico como referenciais metodológicos e teóricos, respectivamente para a análise dos dados. Foram entrevistadas 22 mulheres, sem restrição de idade ou de outra variável social ou biológica, que deram luz aos seus filhos em uma maternidade do município de Marília-SP, cujo último filho, na época da coleta de dados, estivesse com idade entre dez e 24 meses. A análise dos dados mostrou que há uma complexidade na construção da relação entre mãe e filho que pode estar vinculada à experiência da mulher e significados atribuídos desde o processo de gestar e ir além da fase da amamentação, a depender dos elementos significativos que esta mulher e seu filho tecem no decorrer de sua interação. Esses elementos podem ser compreendidos por meio de quatro temas: PERCEBENDO-SE GRÁVIDA, TENDO QUE CUIDAR DA CRIANÇA, VIVENCIANDO A AMAMENTAÇÃO e CONSTRUINDO A RELAÇÃO COM O FILHO. Nesse processo, a amamentação é interpretada como um forte elemento interacional simbólico entre a mãe e o bebê, propiciando a descoberta de sentimentos mútuos, e um significado de forte elo de ligação, interpretados e atribuídos pela mãe. A sua percepção dos sentimentos de amor e carinho, gerados neste processo do cuidar da criança, sofre retroalimentação contínua e crescente, resultado da interpretação materna em perceber a retribuição do apego da criança pela mãe, pelos gestos e pela necessidade demonstrada de proximidade por ambos. Na continuidade da construção da relação, outros elementos são descobertos e atribuídos como determinantes significativos da ligação entre eles, sendo a presença materna o elemento simbólico mais forte dessa construção, que abrange o estar grávida, amamentar e continuar no cuidado ao filho. / In order to broaden the understanding of the bonding between mother and child and the role of breastfeeding in this process, this study aimed to understand the meanings attributed to breastfeeding by the women in the construction of this bonding between mother and child, and to understand how this meanings have influence in the construction of the bond between mother and child. Data Based Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism were used as theoretical and methodological references, respectively, for data analysis. Twenty two women, irrespective of age or other social/biological variable that gave birth to their infants in a maternity hospital in the city of Marília SP and whose last child were aged between ten and 24 months at the time of data collection were interviewed. Data analysis showed that there is some complexity in the construction of the mother/child relationship that can be linked to the womans experience and to meanings attributed since the generating process that can continue beyond the lactation stage, and that depend on significant elements that this woman and her child weave during their interaction. These elements can be understood through four themes: KNOWING ABOUT THE PREGNANCY, HAVING TO TAKE CARE OF THE CHILD, EXPERIENCING THE BREASTFEEDING, and CONSTRUCTING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD. During this process, breastfeeding is interpreted as a strong symbolic interactional element between mother and baby, allowing the discovery of mutual feelings, and the meaning of a strong link, interpreted and attributed by the mother. Her perception of love and affection feelings, generated during this process of taking care of the child, undergoes continual and growing feedback as a result of the maternal interpretation in noticing the retribution of the child by gestures and the need of proximity by both of them. During the continuation of this relationship, other elements are discovered and considered as significant determinants of this link; the maternal presence is the strongest symbolic element in this construction, which covers being pregnant, breastfeeding, and taking care of the child.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-09T17:08:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Carvalho, José Rodrigues de - 2014..pdf: 4647786 bytes, checksum: 051ca2967704f75898b6ecbb9be4eb5a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T17:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carvalho, José Rodrigues de - 2014..pdf: 4647786 bytes, checksum: 051ca2967704f75898b6ecbb9be4eb5a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / This paper aims to study faith experiences and practice; the pilgrims mobility and symbols in a religious territory, searching to understand their meanings in time and the sacred space construction at Romaria do Senhor do Bonfim (The Lord of Bonfim Pilgrimage) in Araguacema, Tocantins. This pilgrimage is what many other authors call the popular catholic manifestation; a branch of Christianity which means Catholicism in a peculiar way. This religious modality expresses through pilgrimage, traditions that spatialize in sanctuaries. Pilgrimages are places of substantiation of religious experiences, in which there are celebrations for the saints, or to other kind of hierophany, where territoriality and territories loaded with sacred symbols, result from a group of practices and rites turning the sanctuary meaningful for the religious being and for cultural geography. We made this research in four ample intersected moments which were accomplished by approaching with the object. On them we tried to read the imaginary landscape of the symbolic territories in pilgrims‘ oral representation. We got closer to them through bibliographical reading on the issue, trying to place it in Geography epistemological field. The idea was not to make a preconception on Pilgrimage, but to build up an approximation that could allow us to raise some questions about its origin, spatialities, relationship and interactions (territorialities) in the formation of a religious territory and a sacred space, since the symbolic practices of religiosity. The field work happened by participation observing with thick watching techniques, tapping, photographic, written and audio notes, conversation and interviews with the pilgrims and the family who ―owns‖ the saint. The socio-spatial trajectory of this family until there shows the saga of thousands of expropriated Brazilian people from the land searching for the ―Bandeiras Verdes‖ (―Green Flags‖). The relationship between the Pilgrims and the Saint Image at the pilgrimage time highlights the importance of the supernatural and symbolism in their lives. This relationship, together with their socio-spatial trajectories, leads them to practices and founding/transforming actions of territorialities and identities in pilgrimages. It is the territory (symbolic and social) that brings life to the Pilgrimage and turns it into a sacred space for the believers of ―Senhor do Bonfim‖ (―The Lord of Bonfim‖). The religious territorialities – producers of otherness relationship – make the pilgrims be a ―religious group‖, with somehow the same goals. This complicity provides more trustable and safe living relationship. The religious territories in the sacred space of the pilgrimage are different from refuge, tiny and patterned territories. The pilgrims‘ territories are the ones of trusting and closeness to thousands of other pilgrims who seek for solution for their immediate problems and spiritual transcendence. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar práticas e experiências da fé que envolve mobilidades de romeiros e símbolos em um território da religiosidade, buscando compreender seus significados na construção do tempo e do espaço sagrado na Romaria do Senhor do Bonfim em Araguacema, Tocantins. Essa Romaria configura-se no que diversos autores denominam de manifestação do catolicismo popular; uma vertente do cristianismo que significa a religiosidade de forma peculiar. Essa modalidade de religiosidade expressa por meio das romarias, tradições que se espacializam nos santuários. Romarias são lugares de substanciamento das experiências da religiosidade, nelas acontecem os festejos aos santos, ou a outros tipos de hierofanias, onde territorialidades e territórios, carregados de simbolismo sagrado, resultam de um conjunto de práticas e ritos tornando os santuários significativos para o ser religioso e para a geografia cultural. Realizamos a presente pesquisa em quatro amplos momentos interseccionados. Eles se efetivaram na aproximação com o objeto. Neles procuramos ler a paisagem imaginária dos territórios simbólicos nas representações orais dos romeiros. Complementamos a aproximação com leituras bibliográficas sobre o tema, procurando situá-lo no campo epistemológico da Geografia. A ideia não era formar uma preconcepção da Romaria, mas sim construir um avizinhamento que nos permitisse levantar algumas questões referentes à origem, as espacialidades, relações e interações (territorialidades) na formação do território religioso e do espaço sagrado, a partir das práticas simbólicas da religiosidade. O trabalho de campo foi realizado na forma de observação participante, com técnicas de observações densas, escutas, registros escritos, de áudio e fotográficos, conversas e entrevistas semiestruturadas (total de 63) com os romeiros e com a Família ―dona‖ do Santo. A trajetória sócioespacial dessa Família até ali, ilustra a saga de milhares de brasileiros expropriados da terra em busca das ―Bandeiras Verdes.‖ A relação dos romeiros com a Imagem do Santo no tempo na Romaria evidencia a importância do sobrenatural e do simbólico em suas vidas. Essa relação, conjugada com suas trajetórias sócioespaciais os levam às práticas e ações fundadoras e transformadoras de territorialidades e identidades na Romaria. É o território (simbólico e social) que vivifica a Romaria e o torna em um espaço sagrado na concepção dos fiéis do Senhor do Bonfim. As territorialidades religiosidade – produtoras de relações de alteridades - tornam os romeiros em um ―coletivo religioso‖, com finalidades mais ou menos comuns. Essa cumplicidade proporciona relações mais confiáveis e seguras de convivialidade. Os territórios religiosos inerentes ao espaço sagrado da Romaria diferem dos territórios refúgios, minúsculos e padronizados. Os territórios dos romeiros são os das relações de confiança e intimidade com milhares de outros romeiros que peregrinam em busca de soluções para seus problemas imediatos e da transcendência espiritual.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-30T11:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Vilela Berbel.pdf: 1441607 bytes, checksum: 303f1248102f3db1d5cff112c167b438 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T11:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Vilela Berbel.pdf: 1441607 bytes, checksum: 303f1248102f3db1d5cff112c167b438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study propose to contribute with the discussion about the description of the meaning of social communications, in the way as proposed by Niklas Luhmann, from the identification of a spatial dimension of meaning, alongside the objective, social and temporal dimensions already diagnosed by the author. It uses, therefore, intersection of Harisson C. White, Ignácio Farías e Hugo Cadenãs’s analyzes to formulate the concept of "plural worlds," understood as intermediate levels between interactions and social systems, arising from the performation of common sociomaterial elements, narratives, styles, and values. Luhmann did not consider the formation of 'groups' within his scheme of social differentiation plans, highlighting only interactions, organizations and society, and including, only belatedly, protest movements. Likewise, in dealing with the theme of 'culture' he considered it as too broad a theme, unfeasible to social observation. However, this study sustain that in reformulating the concept of culture, it becomes possible to observe other plans of social differentiation that interact with the functional systems, by demarcating 'communication zones' that act in the formation of the systemic choice. Although they are not functional systems, the "plural worlds" formed by the cultural distinction share important characteristics of other social systems, such as the structuring a “medium of symbolic generalization” capable of enhancing the chances of success of systemic communications by reinforcing the form side familiar for the communication that resembles the same pattern of senses they select. It is understood, therefore, that the "plural worlds" formed by culture and social systems are connected by particular communicative contexts that activate immunizing forms of episodic systemic crises arising from the cognitive closure by the compulsive reproduction of previous positive feedbacks. Specifically regarding the legal system, the "plural worlds" allow the balance between stability and instability, change and conservation; and more, by giving rise to the metacode of culture, allow the interpenetration between functional systems and psychic systems / Este trabalho busca contribuir com a discussão a respeito da descrição do sentido das comunicações sociais, proposto por Niklas Luhmann, a partir da identificação de uma dimensão espacial de sentido, ao lado das dimensões objetiva, social e temporal já diagnosticadas pelo autor. Vale-se, para tanto, da interseção das análises de Harisson C. White, Ignácio Farías e Hugo Cadenãs para formular o conceito de “mundos plurais”, entendidos como níveis intermediários entre as interações e os sistemas sociais, que surgem em razão da performação de elementos sociomateriais, narrativas, estilos e valores comuns. Luhmann não considerou a formação de ‘grupos’ dentro de seu esquema de planos de diferenciação social, destacando somente as interações, organizações e sociedade, e incluindo, apenas tardiamente, os movimentos de protesto. Do mesmo modo, ao tratar da ‘cultura’ considerou-o como um tema demasiado amplo, inviável à observação social. Contudo, acredita-se que, ao se reformular o conceito de cultura, é possível observar outros planos de diferenciação social que interagem com os sistemas funcionais, ao demarcarem ‘zonas de comunicação’ que atuam na formação das escolhas sistêmicas. Apesar de não serem sistemas funcionais, os “mundos plurais” formados pela distinção cultural compartilham importantes características de outros sistemas sociais, como a estruturação de um meio próprio de generalização simbólica capaz de potencializar as chances de êxito das comunicações sistêmicas ao reforçar o lado da forma familiar para as comunicações que espelhem o mesmo padrão de sentidos por eles selecionados. Entende-se, assim, que os “mundos plurais” formados pela cultura e os sistemas sociais encontram-se conectados por contextos comunicativos particulares que ativam formas imunizantes de crises sistêmicas episódicas decorrentes da clausura cognitiva pela reprodução compulsiva de feedbacks positivos anteriores. Especificamente quanto ao sistema jurídico, os “mundos plurais” permitem o equilíbrio entre estabilidade e instabilidade, mudança e conservação; e mais, por darem origem ao metacódigo da cultura, permitem a interpenetração entre as sistemas funcionais e sistemas psíquicos ao chamar as consciências à aceitação de suas ofertas comunicativas

Background: The safety of critically ill patients during inter-hospital transfer is recognised as a globally important issue. However, little evidence exists pertaining to the care provided by transfer nurses throughout the processes of inter-hospital transfer in rural community hospitals where there is a high risk of adverse clinical events occurring during transportation. Aim: The overall aim of the study was to explore transfer nurses' understanding of the delivery of quality of care during the transfer of critically ill patients from rural community hospitals to a tertiary regional hospital in Thailand. Design and Methods: The theory of symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1986) and focused ethnography methodology were used. Data were collected using multiple qualitative methods including sixteen semi-structured interviews with transfer nurses, fourteen observations of critically ill patients' transfers from three rural community hospitals to a tertiary centre and twenty-three subsequent handover events and the analysis of transfer documents from four hospital settings (e.g. one regional hospital and three rural community hospitals) in Thailand. Translation from Thai into English and back translation into vernacular language was required. Inductive, thematic analysis was conducted to identify major themes by using qualitative data analysis software, NVivo 10 to assist data management during the analysis. Results: Five major themes emerged including (i) protective factors influencing safe transfer care, (ii) barrier factors influencing safe transfer care, (iii) behavioural patterns in transfer care processes, (iv) maintaining the health condition of the patients, and (v) overcoming adverse events. These particular themes elaborate the meaning of the quality and patient safety of transfer care, the provision of care for safe transfer care, and significant contextual factors that influence the quality of inter-hospital transfer care for critically ill patients. In addition, Donabedian's model (Donabedian, 1966, 1988) incorporated within the concept of context and culture was utilised to assist in conceptualising the framework for the quality of inter-hospital transfer care of critically ill patients in Thailand. Conclusion: The Donabedian model is useful as it is simple, but it does not include detail of the organisational context and culture as determinants of care quality. A conceptual framework for the quality of inter-hospital transfer care of critically ill patients in Thailand was therefore proposed. This study has expanded on current theoretical knowledge of the quality of inter-hospital transfer care by elaborating the patterns of thought and the behaviour of transfer nurses during provision of care throughout the processes of the inter-hospital transfer. It also highlights the limitations of organisational structure and the environment in which transfer work takes place, including issues on handover processes in hospital transfer care. The results can be useful to transfer nurses in that they facilitate greater understanding of the provision of better quality of care. They also help to inform hospital policy makers how to ensure safety of critically ill patients being transferred from community hospital settings.