Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaReginaCassanhoOliveira-1.pdf: 1143160 bytes, checksum: ba0e7250cd847e45b8f1652e3427c494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / This study had as aim to verify, in the economic and social cultural process, the adaptation of the immigrant Syrian-Lebanese group in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The research had its starting point in the Register Office Santos Pereira, from the year of 1906, that the birth documents of a daughter of the first Lebanese family. The study is an attempt to understand the main social, cultural and economic transformations, lived by generations of these immigrants, in the period f 1906 to 2009. It had tried to notice the processes of integration, the transmission of uses and standard costums of hospitality and the integration to the new nationality and the cultural dialogues resulted from the immigration. It implied in investigating, in the multiple and complex environment, cohabitated by distinct cultures, the degree of welcoming and openness, provided in the reception to these immigrants, since the foundation of Clube Libanês of Campo Grande at that time, still Mato Grosso State in1951.So that, it was relevant to know the historical and social context that provoked the emigration. It is a question of a documental fundamentally research, in the Register Offices in minutes and documents of Clube Libanês. At the same time, this research was exploited by interviews to arab immigrants and their decendents, such contribution, through evidences and narratives, it constituted of extreme importance to the achieving this work. It had noticed that the reality of the entire immigrant is marked by meetings and not meetings. The results of the research point alterations that have been introduced during the time in function of several factors, among them, the contact with the Brazilian standards; the different West life rhythm with reference to the East; the geographic distances and the available time. Furthermore, the life style and the values had changed along the time, becoming hybrid. The arab immigrants are, at the same time Brazilians and Syrian-Lebanese. However, even that inserted in the Brazilian society, the arabic people kept and reforced the conscience of the group through the family, the church, the Clube Libanês with their rituals and social festivities and ethnic parties besides keeping the publishings of newspapers and specialized magazines / Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar, no processo sócio-cultural e econômico, a adaptação do grupo de imigrantes sírio-libaneses na Cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa teve como ponto de partida um registro no Cartório Santos Pereira, do ano de 1906, que documenta o nascimento de uma filha da primeira família libanesa. O estudo é uma tentativa de se compreenderem as principais transformações sociais, culturais e econômicas vividas pelas gerações desses imigrantes, no período de 1906 a 2009. Procurou-se perceber os processos de integração, a transmissão de usos e costumes, os padrões de hospitalidade e de integração à nova nacionalidade e os diálogos culturais decorrentes da imigração. Isso implicou a investigação, no ambiente complexo e múltiplo coabitado por culturas distintas, do grau de acolhimento e de abertura proporcionado na recepção a esses imigrantes, a partir da fundação do Clube Libanês de Campo Grande - na época, ainda estado de Mato Grosso, em 1951. Para isso, foi relevante conhecer o contexto histórico e social que provocou a emigração. Trata-se de uma pesquisa fundamentalmente documental, em registros de cartórios e em atas e documentos do Clube Libanês. Paralelamente, esta pesquisa foi instrumentalizada por entrevistas a imigrantes árabes e descendentes deles, cuja contribuição, por meio de depoimentos e narrativas, constituiu-se de extrema importância para a consecução deste trabalho. Pôde-se constatar que a realidade de todo imigrante é marcada por encontros e desencontros. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam alterações que foram introduzidas no decorrer do tempo em função de vários fatores, dentre eles, o contato com os padrões brasileiros; a diferença do ritmo de vida no ocidente, em relação ao oriente; as distâncias geográficas e a disponibilidade do tempo. Além disso, o estilo de vida e os valores se alteraram ao longo do tempo, tornando-os híbridos. Os imigrantes árabes são, ao mesmo tempo, brasileiros e sírio-libaneses. Contudo, ainda que inseridos na sociedade brasileira, os árabes mantiveram e reforçaram a consciência de grupo através da família, da igreja, do Clube Libanês com seus rituais e festividades sociais e festas étnicas, além de manterem a publicação de jornais e revistas especializadas

The refugee crisis has been one of the main foci in western media the last years. Many European countries are raising their concerns on the refugees and how they are not able to help them. This thesis is a desk study which seeks to examine the Syrian refugee influx upon Lebanon.  Michael Brown’s book about reasons about internal conflicts have been the guideline to mark out any eventual internal conflicts a big refugee influx can eventually stir upon a country. The thesis will try to analyse and figure out if the refugee crisis will fuel the already existing sectarian tensions in the country. The do not clearly establish whether the refugee influx in Lebanon will potentially produce a new civil war or not. The refugee crisis has proven itself to be a burden for Lebanon within many of its internal sectors and the political tensions run higher now than earlier. The possibility for a renewed civil war is therefore not impossible but at the same time it might as well be avoided completely.

No description available.

Agrobacterium is widely considered, when suitably modified, to be the most effective vector for gene transfer into plant cells. For a long time, many cereals crops (monocotyledonous plants) were recalcitrant species to genetic modification, mainly as a result of their recalcitrance to in-vitro regeneration and their resistance to Agrobacterium infection. However, recently Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been used to transform monocot crops such as maize (Zea mays) but with severe restrictions on genotype suitability. This study was carried out to evaluate the transformation amenability of 2 Syrian maize varieties and 2 hybrids in comparison with the hybrid line Hi II by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation technique using a callus induction based system from immature zygotic embryos IZEs. A. tumefaciens strains EHA101, harbouring the standard binary vector pTF102, and the EHA105 containing the pBINPLUS/ARS:PpCBF1 vector were used. The effects of genotypes and the size of IZEs explants on callus induction and development were investigated. Results showed that callus induction and subsequent callus growth were significantly affected by the initial explant size. Calli induction from IZEs explants sized 1.5-2.00mm was 76%. Callus weight however decreased to 8.2g, compared with 11.7g of callus derived from IZEs >2.00mm. Callus induction ranged between 73.6-78.9% for varieties and hybrids respectively. Calli derived from varieties weighed significantly more than those initiated from the hybrids. Results demonstrated that Syrian maize genotypes were efficiently transformed via the A. tumefaciens strains but there was variation in transformation frequency. A transformation frequency of 3.7-4.2% was achieved for hybrids and varieties respectively confirming that the transformation frequency was genotype-dependent. The transformation frequency averaged between 3.2-5.6% for the EHA105 and EHA101 respectively. Fertile transgenic plants were regenerated from mature somatic embryos with an average regeneration frequency of 59.2 and 17% respectively for varieties and hybrids. Transgenic seeds of R0 and R1 progenies were produced from 74% of the outcrosses attempted and more than 98% of transgenic plants were normal in morphology. Fertile transgenic maize plants carrying the transferred gene CBF were produced using the Agrobacterium EHA105/PpCBF1 and these plants were shown to be more salt tolerant. Transient expression of the GUS gene was confirmed in transgenic calli, shoots, leaves, roots and floral parts of transgenic R0 and R1 progenies using histochemical GUS assays. The presence of the introduced bar and CBF genes in the genomic DNA of the transformants was confirmed by the PCR amplification. Further, the stable expression of the CBF and bar transgenes in the maize genome of transgenic R1 progeny was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The transformation protocol developed using an A. tumefaciens standard binary vector system was an effective and reproducible method to transform Syrian maize with an anti-stress gene in which fertile salt-resistant transgenic plants were routinely produced. This approach has great potential for development of Syrian maize breeding programmes for abiotic stress resistance for application in many areas in Syrian maize production.

No description available.

The terms “refugees” and “refugee crisis” have been prominent in media discourse all over the world – especially since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011 and large incoming numbers of refugees into Europe since 2015. Germany, whose media initially celebrated its “Willkommenskultur”, has become increasingly critical of refugees; political and civic exclusion has intensified, and emphasis has been placed on belonging based on peoples’ passports and hence nationalities, which determine whether or not someone belongs in a country. The author Olga Grjasnow, born 1984 in Baku, Azerbaijan and who is of Russian-Jewish descent, took on the task of describing the horrific circumstances in Syria in the midst of its ongoing civil war in her latest novel, entitled Gott ist nicht schüchtern (2017). Moreover, she depicts individuals’ flight across the ocean and their eventual arrival and life in Germany. In her book, Olga Grjasnowa describes the lives of three young Syrian individuals and their extremely limited possibilities of leading a free, peaceful life due to their nationality and the resulting closing of diverse borders for them.Based on the scholarly discourse on transnational fiction and how this work may or may not fit into this notion, especially with regard to globalization and powerful nations’ economic interests, this thesis seeks to analyze how nationalist and capitalist policy makings affect people in drastic ways, as they find themselves uprooted and persecuted.By excluding a Western narrative voice, Olga Grjasnowa zooms in on the lives of Syrians and their hopeless circumstances, while showing how a “wrong” passport makes life for people difficult to navigate in Syria, Germany and beyond. By means of close reading, I analyze the novel pertaining to the war in Syria and the resulting politics, media coverage and individual “fate”, which is tied to limitations for people to escape these circumstances based on documents and national borders.

There has been an increase in the number of people migrating around the world in recent decades. The main reasons for this migration are mostly social pressures, conflicts, and wars. With the Arab spring, which showed its effect in the early 2010s, a civil war arose in Syria. With the civil war that had its influence in Syria in 2011, thousands of people had to take shelter in Turkey. With the rapid increase in Syrian refugees who took refuge in Turkey, this issue has become vital in Turkey's agenda. Many studies on the media and the representation of immigrants and refugees show that these groups are often negatively represented. In this research, news about Syrian refugees published in Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, and Sabah newspapers, among the best-selling newspapers in Turkey, are examined. In addition, the fact that the three selected newspapers have different political stances, this situation adds sample diversity to this research. June 2011 - March 2012 and June 2016 - March 2017 constitute the times of the sample. The first time sample represents the early times of both the Syrian Civil war and the arrivals of Syrian refugees in Turkey. In contrast, the second time sample represents the time that Syrian refugees are more integrated into Turkish society and not a new subject for Turkey anymore....

The civil war that started in Syria in 2011 began as a series of political disputes between government forces and opposition groups. Tension mounted when citizens of Syria called for their president, Bashar al-Assad, to step down from power. When government forces resisted the will of the people, and instead used force against them, the country descended into all-out war. Two distinct groups surfaced in opposition to one another, with opposition rebels fighting against the Syrian regime. But as the war progressed these two groups began to display religious characteristics. Opposition groups began to represent a Sunnī Muslim rebel force, while regime forces where represented by the Alawite sect, and as the war continued elements of jihādism began to surface within the fighting. Syria’s sectarian rifts began to reveal themselves as religious factions became more involved in the fighting. These rifts are a result of centuries of violence and tension between Sunnī Muslim and Alawites in the country. Their theological beliefs differ extensively from one another, and over the course of history these differences have led to clashes between the two groups. The study looks at the historical interactions between Sunnī Muslims and the Alawites in Syria, and identifies the theological differences between the two groups. The study then uses these two elements to understand the religious violence that Syria is experiencing, and why such intolerance is happening between the religious factions of the country. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Science of Religion and Missiology / MA / Unrestricted

This is a qualitative study that explores elderly Syrian immigrants’ experiences of using smartphones for information and social interaction during the coronavirus pandemic in Gavle, Sweden. The sample used in this study consists of five elderly Syrian immigrants from Gavle city. The data was collected through five semi-structured online interviews; the social capital theory was used together with previous research to analyze the results. The results show that the use of smartphones had a very important role in the social interaction of Syrian immigrants during the Coronavirus pandemic. The use of smartphones during the Coronavirus crisis reduced the negative effects of the social distancing policy, facilitated communication and interactions with family and friends, and communication with health and social services. Moreover, smartphones are a renewed source of scientific information regarding the Coronavirus pandemic worldwide. The results of this study show some simple challenges faced by this sample of elderly Syrian immigrants while using smartphones for social interactions.

Syrian Civil War has been occupying the international agenda since the year 2011. Despite the fact that most of the attention is paid to the conflict itself, peace processes are part of the international competition on Syrian arena, as well. For this reason, the thesis attempts to examine two major peace tracks: Astana and Geneva processes. The former is established among Russia-Turkey-Iran trio in late 2016 and functions as a regional mediation ground while the latter is led by the top world organization, the UN, as a ground for international actors with substantial interest in the Near East. Astana's relatively better performance in reaching certain outcomes is analyzed with hypotheses derived from three core International Relations theories: Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism. In this regard, those assumptions analyze actors that are involved in the conflict within the framework of their relevant peace track. According to the conducted analyses, findings indicate that realist hypothesis is better at explaining Astana's "fruitfulness" than the other assumptions- especially field-level agreements but not the broader cooperation among the Astana trio. Hence, Geneva track with higher level of international participation carries greater importance for an ultimate resolution to the conflict.